In the past decade, considerable progress has been made towards a better understanding of the development of the dermal skeleton in osteostracans. Based on the study of the fine shield structure in ...Thyestes verrucosus Eichwald, 1854 from the Silurian of Saaremaa Island (Estonia), a model for the formation of its exoskeleton was proposed (Afanassieva, 2002, 2004b). New information on well-preserved juvenile
Superciliaspis gabrielsei
(Dineley et Loeffler, 1976) from the Lower Devonian of Canada, North West Territories, allowed the determination of ontogenetic patterns of the dermal skeleton in the tessellated taxon (Hawthorn et al., 2008). A comparison of the data on shield development in consolidated Thyestes and tessellated Superciliaspis and also additional study of the material of Thyestes verrucosus corroborated the previous conclusions and displayed new features of the formation of exoskeleton in this species. A different formation pattern of the exoskeleton was established in
Paraungulaspis arctoa
(Afanassieva et Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1998) from the Lower Devonian of October Revolution Island of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russia (Afanassieva, 2011; Afanassieva and Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 2013). A comparison of the exoskeleton structure and growth of the hard covering in Thyestes verrucosus and Paraungulaspis arctoa corroborated the conclusion that these species belong to different phyletic lineages of osteostracans.
Six Tragedies Seneca, Lucius Annaeus; Wilson, Emily
2010, 2010-01-14
eBook
This is a lively, readable and accurate verse translation of the six best plays by one of the most influential of all classical Latin writers. The volume includes Phaedra, Oedipus, Medea, Trojan ...Women, Hercules Furens, and Thyestes, together with an invaluable introduction and notes.
The crisis is the political upheaval that accompanied the ascent of Olivares to power. Its repercussions on the religious and literary career of Fr. Gabriel Téllez/Tirso de Molina are examined. The ...primary documents analysed include the two passages in Téllez’s Historia de la Orden de la Merced (one from the early 1630s. the other revised towards the end of the decade) containing his hostile criticism of the struggle between the two groups, Lerma’s associates and those of Olivares. This hostility relates to the sentence issued by the Junta de Reformación (1625) and to be meted out as its response to the notorious case of Fr. Gabriel Téllez oka Tirso de Molina, etc. This connection confirms our seeing Tirso as a notable political victim. Yet in the thirties, Tirso’s position is complex. To offset the clear indications of a major if not terminal disruption to his activity as dramatist, the circumstances attendant on the Parte tercera de las comedias (1634) are examined to show how Fr. Gabriel came to the defence of his creation Tirso de Molina, by ensuring his survival in print. The text of the Junta’s sentence informs us of the reason its judges had to silence the dramatist; it concerns his writing plays which are profane and give bad examples. This information invites us to ask to which plays can the harsh sentence of the Junta refer? The reply to this question forms the main theme of the study. It is argued that La venganza de Tamar is a work seriously involved in the turbulent politics of the succession. This argument is preceded by an essential study on the text as authorized by Tirso and subject to the editorial scrutiny of Lucas de Avila. The nexus of images referring to physical hunger that develops into sexual and political hunger is coordinated with the recurring image of the body, presented in a series of progressively morbid pathological states. The human body receives focus in a spectacular way, as a conspicuous object on stage. The climax to the series is the banquet where Amón’s mutilated corpse is both guest and dish, a scene that evokes the Thyestes of Seneca, the tragic example of how a royal house is destroyed by violence from within. The image of the sick body, punctuating the play, stands for the sickness in the body politic. The dynamic of the play consists in moving the audience to see in Tirso’s reconfiguration of the biblical story the pathological condition of the State.
Por crisis se refiere al trastorno político que acompañó el ascenso de Olivares al poder. Se examinan las repercusiones en la carrera religiosa y literaria de Fr. Gabriel Téllez/Tirso de Molina. Entre los documentos analizados, figuran las dos versiones de una crítica dura de la transición de valimiento a valimiento que Fr. Gabriel incluye en su Historia de la Orden de la Merced. En relación con la acusada hostilidad expresada por Fr. Gabriel en la Historia, se considera la sentencia recomendada por la Junta de Reformación (1625) para responder al caso notorio de Fr. Gabriel Téllez por otro nombre Tirso de Molina, etc. Para contrapesar la categoría de víctima político que caracteriza a Fr. Gabriel en la década de los treinta, se examinan las circunstancias que atienden a la Tercera parte de comedias (1634) publicada por Tirso, editada por Francisco Lucas de Ávila, considerándola como reivindicación de Tirso de Molina por parte de su autor. El texto de la sentencia emitida por la Junta de Reformación nos informa del motivo que mueve a los jueces a silenciar al dramaturgo; se trata de comedias que escribe profanas y de malos ejemplos, información que nos invita a considerar a qué comedias puede referirse la muy severa sentencia de la Junta. La respuesta forma el tema central del estudio. Se arguye que La venganza de Tamar es una obra seriamente comprometida en la política turbulenta de la sucesión. El argumento va precedido por un estudio esencial del texto autorizado por Tirso y sujeto al escrutinio editorial de Lucas de Avila en la Tercera parte. Se analiza el nexo de imágenes referentes al apetito (hambre, deseo sexual, ambición política), coordinado con la imagen recurrente del cuerpo presentada en una serie progresivamente morbosa de estados patológicos. El cuerpo se enfoca así de modo espectacular; su presencia escénica destaca. El punto culminante es el banquete al que asiste el cadáver de Amón como huésped y manjar, escena modelada en el Tiestes de Séneca, ejemplo trágico por excelencia de la destrucción desde dentro de una casa real. El estudio arguye por la índole conceptuosa de La venganza, como un tipo de agudeza dramática. En el cuerpo enfermo se metaforiza la enfermedad del cuerpo político. La dinámica de la comedia consiste en mover al público a mirar en la reconfiguración de la historia bíblica la condición patológica del Estado.
The development time and the fecundity of Orius species are strongly influenced by a wide range of factors, like environmental conditions and in particular temperature. This work aimed to evaluate ...the reproduction and adult longevity of Orius thyestes Herring, 1966 in different temperatures. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella was provide as food supply. The experiment was carried out in climatic chambers at temperatures 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 plus or minus 1 degree C, RH 70 plus or minus 10% and photophase 12h. A deleterious effect of the temperature on O. thyestes was found at 16 degree C, in which only 40% of the nymphs reached adulthood, of which only 19% presented normal morphological characteristics, without any alterations. The longest pre-oviposition period was found at 19 degree C (17.8 days). The highest fecundities were found at 25 and 28 degree C (109.2 and 128.2 eggs/female, respectively) and the lowest at 19 degree C (22.8 eggs/female). At 22 and 31 degree C, females lived longer than the males. The low temperatures affected the reproduction and longevity of O. thyestes, suggesting that this species would have better reproductive performance under high temperatures, as it occur in tropical and or subtropical regions.
Temperature and food play an important part in the development time and adult activities of Orius species, and these biological parameters are important for purpose of mass rearing of natural enemies ...for use on biological control programs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures on nymphal development of Orius thyestes Herring when fed with Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) eggs in climatic chambers at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 plus or minus 1 degree C, 70 plus or minus 10% RH and 12h photophase. The thermal requirements and nymphal consumption were also determined. O. thyestes presented five instars. The nymphal period was about six times shorter at 31 degree C (9.8 days) than at 16 degree C (58.2 days). Nymph survival was lowest at 16 degree C, with only 40% of the nymphs reaching adult stage. The higher nymph survival were found at 22 degree C (96.4%), 25 degree C (94.5%) and 28 degree C (100%). Each nymph of O. thyestes consumed 39.4 eggs of A. kuehniella. The lower temperature threshold and thermal constant for the nymphal development of O. thyestes were 12.8 degree C and 173.82 day-degrees, respectively. The interval from 22 degree C to 28 degree C is more suitable for nymphal development of O. thyestes. O. thyestes finds probably better chance for colonization and establishment in tropical and subtropical regions.
Tragic Seneca Boyle, A. J.
1997, 20130513, 2013-05-13, 2002-11-01
eBook
Tragic Seneca undertakes a radical re-evaluation of Seneca's plays, their relationship to Roman imperial culture and their instrumental role in the evolution of the European theatrical ...tradition.Following an introduction on the history of the Roman theatre, the book provides a dramatic and cultural critique of the whole of Seneca's corpus, analysing the declamatory form of the plays, their rhetoric, interiority, stagecraft and spectacle, dramatic, ideological and moral structure and their overt theatricality. Each of Seneca's plays is examined in detail, locating the force of Senecan drama not only in the moral complexity of the texts and their representations of power, violence, history, suffering and the self, but the semiotic interplay of text, tradition and culture.The later chapters focus on Seneca's influence on Italian, English and French drama of the Renaissance. A.J. Boyle argues that tragedians such as Cinthio, Kyd, Marlowe, Shakespeare, Webster, Corneille, and Racine owe a debt to Seneca that goes beyond allusion, dramatic form and the treatment of tyranny and revenge to the development of the tragic sensibility and the metatheatrical mind.Tragic Seneca attempts to restore Seneca to a central position in the European literary tradition. It will provide readers and directors of Seneca's plays with the essential critical guide to their intellectual, cultural and dramatic complexity.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar as espécies de Orius associadas a plantas cultivadas e invasoras presentes em uma localidade de Minas Gerais e três de São Paulo, nos anos de 1999 e 2000. As ...coletas foram realizadas através de batidas das plantas no interior de sacos plásticos para desalojar os insetos. Posteriormente, as espécies foram separadas em laboratório. O predador Orius insidiosus (Say) foi coletado nas culturas de milho (Zea mays L.), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.), sorgo (Sorghum spp.), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), alfafa (Medicago sativa L.), soja Glycine max (L.) Merr., crisântemo (Chrysanthemum spp.), tango (Solidago canadensis L.) e cartamus (Carthamus tinctorius L.) e nas plantas invasoras picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.), caruru (Amaranthus sp.), losna-branca (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) e apaga-fogo (Alternanthera ficoidea L.). Orius thyestes Herring foi encontrado nas plantas invasoras picão-preto, caruru e apaga-fogo. Orius perpunctatus (Reuter) e Orius sp. foram coletados principalmente nas plantas invasoras picão-preto, caruru e apaga-fogo e no milho. Constatou-se que muitas dessas plantas são reservatórios naturais para esses predadores, em termos de habitat, abrigo, presas e pólen.
Temperature and food play an important part in the development time and adult activities of Orius species, and these biological parameters are important for purpose of mass rearing of natural enemies ...for use on biological control programs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures on nymphal development of Orius thyestes Herring when fed with Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) eggs in climatic chambers at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 +/- 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% RH and 12h photophase. The thermal requirements and nymphal consumption were also determined. O. thyestes presented five instars. The nymphal period was about six times shorter at 31 degrees C (9.8 days) than at 16 degrees C (58.2 days). Nymph survival was lowest at 16 degrees C, with only 40% of the nymphs reaching adult stage. The higher nymph survival were found at 22 degrees C (96.4%), 25 degrees C (94.5%) and 28 degrees C (100%). Each nymph of O. thyestes consumed 39.4 eggs of A. kuehniella. The lower temperature threshold and thermal constant for the nymphal development of O. thyestes were 12.8 degrees C and 173.82 day-degrees, respectively. The interval from 22 degrees C to 28 degrees C is more suitable for nymphal development of O. thyestes. O. thyestes finds probably better chance for colonization and establishment in tropical and subtropical regions.
AbstractIn the ongoing debate concerning the performability of Senecan tragedy, the plays tend to be studied as either literature or drama. One consequence of this artificial distinction is that set ...passages such as descriptiones loci appear to support the view that Seneca's plays were intended for public reading, as 'recitation drama'. By means of a close examination of the messenger's description of the palace of Atreus (Thyestes 641-82) in the context of the play as whole, this article suggests that the description functions as a structural device that provides unity to the text of the play.
Le mythe d'Atrée et de Thyeste, le plus sanglant et le plus tragique qui soit sans doute, fut aussi l'un des plus représentés sur la scène romaine. Plusieurs études consacrées à la fortune dramatique ...de ce mythe ont souligné, en particulier, le sens politique que prirent sans doute l'Atrée d'Accius, le Thyeste de Varius, ou, sous l'Empire, les tragédies de Scaurus et de Curiatius Maternus. Peut-on considérer, toutefois, qu'Accius fut le premier à interpréter ce mythe, par ailleurs fort complexe, dans un sens politique ? Ennius avait dû, dès 169, à la veille de Pydna, saisir l'occasion que lui fournissaient les jeux Apollinaires pour exprimer, par le biais de son Thyeste, ses idées sur la situation : la pièce participerait d'une propagande anti-macédonienne engagée au moins depuis 172. L'historiographie, par le biais d'auteurs comme Polybe et Tite-Live, fournit au lecteur certains portraits du roi Persée que l'on peut rapprocher du personnage tragique d'Atrée. Or ce dernier symbolise, sur la scène romaine, le tyran par excellence.
The myth of Atreus and Thyestes, possible the most bloodstained and tragic, was also one of the most frequently performed on the Roman stage. Several studies devoted to the dramatic fortune of the myth have in panicular emphasized the political meaning taken on by Accius' Atreus, Varius' Thyestes or under the Empire the tragedies of Scaurus and Curiatius Maternus. Can we hold, however, the Accius was the first to interpret the myth, a highly complex one by the way, in a political sense ? Ennius, as early as 1 69 on the eve of Pydna, must have seized the opportunity offered to him by the Appolinarian games to express through his Thyestes his views on the situation : the play partook of an anti-Macedonian propaganda that had been at work ever since 172. Historiography, through such authors as Polybius and Livy, provides the reader with certain portraits of King Perseus that may be likened to the tragic personage of Atreus. Let us note here that the latter symbolises on the Roman stage the arch tyrant.
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