Straipsnyje siekiama išnagrinėti F. Nietzsche‘s „valios siekti galios“ principu grindžiamos filosofijos prigimtį, parodyti šios filosofijos ypatumus, lyginant ją su metafizine ir pozityvistine ...laikysenomis, „valios siekti galios“ sukeliamą novatoriškumą, sietiną su „perspektyvistinio (interpretacinio) patinimo“ samprata, išryškinti būdingiausius ir neįprastus šios sampratos bruotus, lyginant ją su tradicine tiesos patinimo problematika. Siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, ar „ valia siekti galios" gali būti laikoma substancija tradicine šios sąvokos prasme? Ryškinant šio principo prigimtį pabrėtiama, kad jis numato ne tapatybę, bet skirtį. Skirtį gimdanti ir šioje skirtyje gimstanti „ valia siekti galios" funkcionuoja svarstant moralės kilmę. Kartu keliamas utdavinys parodyti, kad „ valios siekti galios" principu grįstas ir moralės kilmės svarstymas, kuris, beje, kaip ir kiekvienas kitas svarstymas, tegali būti tik interpretatyvus, t. y. Negalintis pretenduoti į vieną universalią tiesą, į vieną visiems privalomą normatyvumą.
The article aims to investigate certain theoretical problem aspects of a personal library, regarded as a concept of scientific research. The specific aspects researched are as follows: terminological ...definitions, the question of personal libraries’ typology and classification, the place of a personal library, as a subject-matter of scientific research, in book science and librarianship. The analysis in question is based on the research of Lithuanian professionals in book science, conducted in this area. In addition, the article provides insights into the research of foreign book scientists on theoretical aspects of personal libraries. The author specifies certain semantic aspects of defining a personal library in the terminology of Lithuanian book science. Furthermore, the author makes a suggestion with regard to classification of personal libraries, namely, that such libraries should be grouped into historical and contemporary personal libraries. Such classification highlights the importance of the subject-matter of research, bearing in mind the differences between the two groups of libraries, such as access to these libraries, methodology of research, etc. In the article, historical personal libraries are treated as complexes of book heritage; they also embrace personal libraries which could be granted the status of printed heritage (personal libraries as complex artefacts, as certain monuments of book heritage, which in institutional compilations could be referred to as book collections in corpore). In contrast, the situation regarding the investigation of contemporary personal libraries is more difficult, due to the fact that these libraries are regarded as objects of intellectual property and therefore very limited access is provided to them. The article analyses the reasons why personal libraries in Lithuania and Russia have become the subject matter of scientific research in the area of book science rather than librarianship. It was concluded that the Law on Lithuanian Libraries (2004) does not provide for any provisions regarding personal libraries. From the legal point of view, these libraries are not covered by the Law on Lithuanian Libraries. Likewise, personal libraries are not included in the typological scheme of Lithuanian libraries. In Russia, personal libraries have for a long time not been regarded as libraries. Instead, they were looked upon merely as compilations or collections of home books. This can be explained by the fact that after an attack against private ownership had started in the 20-ies of the 20th century in the Soviet Union, a policy of nationalising personal libraries was launched and a communist ideology of the public ownership of books was introduced and promoted. “An ideological education of a reader” was regarded as the most important function of libraries. Naturally, personal libraries could not serve such a purpose. Furthermore, it was impossible to control the activities of such libraries. The mandatory provision for control was embedded in Soviet laws. It was only natural that the subject-matter of personal libraries disappeared from the field of research of librarianship. The niche of research was soon taken over by professionals of book science. This article draws the conclusion that given a certain amount of research on personal libraries in Lithuania, a closer dialogue between book scientists and theoreticians of librarianship is expected to be promoted in the area of researching personal libraries.
Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros irdokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: alma.braziuniene@kf.vu.ltStraipsnyje nagrinėjami kai kurie asmeninės bibliotekos, kaip tam tikro mokslinio tyrimo koncepto, probleminiai teoriniai aspektai: termininės apibrėžtys, asmeninių bibliotekų tipologijos ir klasifikavimo problema, asmeninės bibliotekos, kaip mokslinio tyrimo objekto, vieta knygotyros ir bibliotekininkystės moksluose. Remiamasi lietuvių knygotyrininkų šios temos įdirbiu, analizuojami užsienio knygos tyrėjų darbai asmeninių bibliotekų tyrimo teoriniais klausimais, nagrinėjama, kodėl asmeninė biblioteka Lietuvoje ir Rusijoje tapo ne bibliotekininkystės, o knygotyros mokslo tyrimo objektu. Daroma išvada, kad, turint tam tikrą asmeninių bibliotekų tyrimo Lietuvoje įdirbį, tikėtinas didesnis knygotyrininkų ir bibliotekininkystės teoretikų dialogas asmeninių bibliotekų tyrimų lauke.
Straipsnyje pateikiama racionalumo sampratų M. Weberio sociologijoje ir racionalaus pasirinkimo prieigoje (RPP) analizė. Nagrinėjama, koks yra vėberiškosios praktinio racionalumo sampratos ir ...racionalaus pasirinkimo teorijos (RPT) eksplikuojamos racionalaus pasirinkimo sąvokos santykis, analizuojama, kaip RPT gali prisidėti prie M.Weberio sociologijos pagrindų supratimo, kuo ir kaip vėberiškoji racionalumo samprata gali būti inspiracijos šaltinis tolesnei RPP raidai. Teigiama, kad M. Weberio subjektyviai racionalaus instrumentinio veiksmo sąvoka anticipuoja ribinio naudingumo teorijos transformaciją į numatomos naudos teoriją. M. Weberio suprantanti sociologija anticipuoja RPP versiją, kurią vadiname segmentiniu universalizmu. M. Weberio instrumentiškai racionalus veiksmas ir vertybiškai racionalus veiksmas yra gimininės praktinio racionalumo sąvokos rūšys. Ta gimininė sąvoka kaip racionalų kvalifikuoja elgesį, kuris yra nuoseklus (neprieštaringas) pagrindų, galinčių pretenduoti į platesnį ar siauresnį pripažinimą, atžvilgiu. M. Weberio racionalaus veiksmo samprata gali būti detalizuota skiriant dvi instrumentiškai racionalaus veiksmo atmainas ir panaudota M. Weberio pateiktam moderniosios visuomenės apibūdinimui papildyti.
This paper investigates the characteristics of functionally derelict areas in Slovenia, criteria for their identification, typology and arguments for further monitoring, and regular updating of this ...new spatial and data layer. Both specifying the precise location and knowledge of characteristics of derelict areas, i.e. brownfields, are an important step towards sustainable planning and placement of activities. In 2017, we recorded 1081 functionally derelict areas in Slovenia in a total area of 3423 ha, with a prevalence of areas of industrial activities.
Since the end of the twentieth century there is a noticeable worldwide paradigm shift in future studies which are so far based mainly on statistical methods. The development of a social, not only a ...strictly scientific vision of the future has become crucial. It appears that the biggest role in this context played technology foresight programs (whose origins go back even to the 70's), integrating traditional methods of forecasting as well as those derived from the social sciences, economics, management science, etc. The paper presents a rich collection of foresight methods identified by the author, a general outline and characteristics of various types of methods, and an innovative classification of technology foresight research methods. Because of the huge complexity of the approach to technological foresight and its further evolution, the ability to classify and identify the typology of methods may be necessary for an orderly and rational way of structuring foresight projects.
„INDOEUROPIETIŠKIEJI“ DEVERBATYVAI SU *-- ‖ *-e/o (ATSIŽVELGIANT YPAČ Į BALTŲ KALBAS)ReziumėStraipsnyje nagrinėjama indoeuropiečių deverbatyvų *-- ‖ *-e/o kilme; autoriaus nuomone, ...„iteratyvai—kauzatyvai“ išriedėjo iš ankstyvesnių daiktavardinių („nomina actionis“) denominatyvų, „Zustandsverba“ — iš ankstyvesnių būdvardinių denominatyvų. Šios hipotezės grindžiamos kalbų tipologijos argumentais (tai daugiausia liečia signifikato planą).Norėdamas įvairiapusiškai išnagrinėti minėtus reiškinius, autorius analizuoja ir kitus dalykus (pvz., sufikso -a- kilmę), kurie yra glaudžiai susiję su deverbatyvų *-- ‖ *-e/o problema.
Cilj ovoga rada uspostaviti je tipologiju tlocrtno-prostorne organizacije stambenih
uglovnica građenih na zagrebačkome Gradecu (današnjemu Gornjem gradu) u 18.
stoljeću. U razmatranje je bilo uzeto ...deset uglovnica izgrađenih na središnjemu
platou Gradeca, jer uglovnice građene na bedemima zbog različita konteksta
gradnje, konfiguracije terena i temeljā građevina pokazuju neke druge značajke istovjetne onima stambenih objekatane-uglovnica koji su također izgrađeni na bedemima. U uvodnome dijelu podrobno su opisane poteškoće prisutne u istraživanjima stambene arhitekture, te su dane osnovne smjernice za njihovo provođenje. Nakon toga slijedi pregled provedenih istraživanja i kritički osvrt na stariju literaturu s ciljem (re)valorizacije prije uspostavljenih teza vezanih za tipologiju gornjogradskih stambenih palača iz razdoblja baroka. Riječ je o istraživanjima Nade Premerl, Lelje Dobronić i Sandre Križić Roban. Temeljem detaljne arhitektonske deskripcije deset odabranih objekata utvrđuju se tri tipološke skupine građevina, a u analizi se, prije svega, uzimaju u obzir broj krila i stupanj ugrađenosti zdanja u pripadajući gradski blok, stoga se ugaone osamnaestostoljetne stambene građevine na zagrebačkome Gornjem gradu mogu podijeliti na jednokrilne, dvokrilne i trokrilne, s tim da se jednokrilne dalje mogu razdijeliti na one u kojima se prostorije organiziraju kao prostorni niz i na one kod kojih je prisutno složenije grupiranje prostorija prema namjeni. Sve su dvokrilne uglovnice poluugrađene s L-tlocrtom, a one trokrilne imaju U-tlocrt te se razlikuju ugrađene od slobodnostojećih po tretmanu okolnoga prostora. Najjednostavniji formalni elementi projektiranja – broj krila i stupanj ugrađenosti u gradski blok – pokazali su se ovdje kao valjana polazna točka u razmatranju tipologije, a svi primjeri unutar (pod)skupina ukazuju na brojne analogije u tlocrtnoj dispoziciji, postavu prema komunikacijama i oblikovanju unutrašnjega prostora.
The aim of this article is to define the layout-space organisation typology of residential corner houses built in Zagreb’s Gradec (today Upper Town) in the 18th century. Ten corner houses built in today’s Gradec central plateau are considered, because due to a different building context, terrain configuration and foundations, the corner houses built on the city walls show some attributes proper of non-corner residential buildings also built on the city walls. In the introduction, the obstacles faced by researchers of residential architecture were described in detail, after which basic guidelines for conducting such research were offered. This was followed by an outline of previously conducted studies and a critical overview of bibliography aimed at a (re)valorisation of earlier theses relative to the typology of Upper Town baroque residential buildings. The studies in question were carried out by Nada Premerl, Lelja Dobronić and Sandra Križić Roban. Based on an elaborate architectonic description of the ten houses taken into consideration, three typological groups of buildings were identified. First and foremost, the analysis took into account the number of wings and the level of
buildings’ integration into a certain city block. Therefore, Zagreb upper town
18th century residential corner houses can be divided into single-wing,
two-wing and three-wing buildings, whereas single-wing houses can be further
classified into those whose rooms are organised in a row and those with a more
complex grouping of rooms spaced according to function. All of the analysed
two-wing corner houses are semi-detached and have an L line, while the
three-wing houses have a U line. What distinguishes the three-wing terraced
houses from the three-wing detached houses is the treatment of the
surroundings. The most basic formal construction elements – the number of wings
and the level of integration into the city block – resulted to be a valid
departure point when considering house typology, while all the examples within
the (sub)groups indicate to many plan disposal, grid plan and interior design
analogies.
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