Coal is one of the main fossil fuel resources and remains the most important contributor to global power generation but coal utilization has severe negative impacts, mostly due to the release of CO2 ...and toxic elements into the environment. This means that determining the quality of coal is important to address the environmental and health problems related to coal combustion. Coal samples from the Velenje coalmine, one of the largest actively mined coal basins in Central Europe, were divided into organic rich and inorganic rich fractions according to the percentage of carbon. Oxides of the major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Cr2O3), toxicologically and environmentally relevant elements (As, Ba, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Th, U, V, Zn, Se) and other trace elements (Ce, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, La, Nb, Nd, Pr, Rb, Sm, Sr, Tb, Y, Zr) were measured in sample digests using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of the majority of analyzed elements were either equal to or below the global average for coal. Exceptions were Sr (1090 ± 510 μg g−1, 9 times higher), Ba (301 ± 184 μg g−1, 2 times higher) and Pb (9.12 ± 17.0 μg g−1, 1.4 times higher) in inorganic rich coal and Mo (7.76 ± 4.76 μg g−1, 3.5 times higher) and U (5.24 ± 3.23 μg g−1, 1.8 times higher) in organic rich samples. Eighteen elements (Ag, Au, Be, Bi, Cd, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, Ti, Tm, Yb, W) were below the limit of detection in >70% of the samples. Speciation analysis revealed the presence of several organoarsenic compounds in the organic rich samples, with the tetramethylarsonium ion (TETRA, 0.01–1.10 μg g−1) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO, 0.01–0.29 μg g−1) as the most abundant. A comparison with coal samples from the Senovo, Kanižarica, and Trbovlje coal mines in Slovenia and from the Sokolov Basin, (Czech Republic) revealed that Velenje contains much higher amount of organoarsenic compounds (34.8 ± 16.9%) in comparison to the others (4.45 ± 4.19%).
•We investigated element composition in inorganic and organic rich lignite.•Major, minor and trace elements were determined in Velenje lignite.•Values of measured elements are comparable to world coal, except U and Mo.•Unexpected organoarsenic compounds were found in Velenje lignite.•Organoarsenic compounds in Velenje lignite are related to bacterial activity.
Konec šestdesetih let minulega stoletja so bili na severnem obrobju Trbovelj pri gradnji stanovanjske soseske Volkova Loka naključno odkriti bronasti predmeti, ki jih je mogoče opredeliti kot manjši ...depo mešane sestave. Sestavljajo ga fragmentirani vrbovolistna sulična ost, meč tipa Arco in dva jezičastoročajna srpa ter odlomka konice srpa in rezila meča. Na podlagi tipološko-kronološke analize predmetov je depo uvrščen v horizont II slovenskih depojev oz. v stopnjo Ha A1.
In the frame of national research and innovation project MASPREM exposure maps of inhabitants, buildings and infrastructures to landslide occurrence were developed for five selected Slovenian ...municipalities. Maps represent an upgrade of the landslide susceptibility maps that were elaborated based on synthesis of analysis of event-based landslide inventory and field investigations. Exposure maps were developed for five municipalities: Bovec, La{ko, Slovenj Gradec, Trbovlje and Železniki. Exposure of inhabitants, construction and infrastructures to landslide occurrence was analysed using simple cross-analysis of landslide susceptibility maps at scale of 1:25,000 with locations of exposed elements. All analyses were conducted in the GIS with software tool ArcMap. Exposure maps, based on landslide susceptibility, were classified into six classes, with values ranging from one to six where class one represents areas with negligible exposure and class six areas with very high exposure to landslide occurrence. Exposure maps of selected municipalities provide the basis for further assessment of risk and consequentially better risk management.
New compression leaf material of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) has been recognised in the European Cenozoic. A leaflet of Ceratozamia floersheimensis (Engelhardt) Kvaček was recovered among unidentified ...material from the Oligocene of Trbovlje, former Trifail, Slovenia, housed in old collections of the Austrian Geological Survey, Vienna. It is similar in morphology and epidermal anatomy to other specimens previously studied from the lower Oligocene of Flörsheim, Germany and Budapest, Hungary. A fragmentary leaflet assigned to C. hofmannii Ettingsh. was recovered in the uppermost part of the Most Formation (Most Basin in North Bohemia, Czech Republic) and dated by magnetostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy to CHRON C5Cn.3n, that is, the latest early Miocene. It yielded excellently preserved epidermal structures, permitting confirmation of the generic affinity and a more precise comparison with this lower Miocene species previously known from Austria (Münzenberg, Leoben Basin) and re-investigated earlier. Both the Oligocene and Miocene populations of Ceratozamia are based on isolated disarticulated leaflets matching some living representatives in the size and slender form of the leaflets. Such ceratozamias thrive today in extratropical areas near the present limits of distribution of the genus along the Sierra Madre Orientale in north-eastern Mexico, in particular C. microstrobila Vovides & J.D. Rees and others of the C. latifolia complex, as well as C. hildae G.P. Landry & M.C. Wilson (“bamboo cycad”). The occurrence of Ceratozamia suggests subtropical to warm-temperate, almost frostless climate and a high amount of precipitation. The accompanied fossil vegetation of both species corresponds well with the temperature regime. While the Oligocene species in Hungary probably thrived under sub-humid conditions, the remaining occurrences of fossil Ceratozamia were connected with humid evergreen to mixed-mesophytic forests.
The main objective of this study was to identify and characterise a specimen of presumed meteorite, supposedly found in 1947 while crushing gangue material from an open-pit coal mining site in ...Trbovlje. The presumed meteorite was characterised according to its physical properties, chemical and mineral composition using EDSanalysis. Based on macroscopic characteristics and physical properties, such as external features, magnetism and density, and reaction with diluted HCl, it was established that the specimen is not a meteorite but a concretion that contains calcite. SEM/EDS analysis showed that the studied material was compositionally homogeneous. It consists predominantly of calcite, gypsum and iron sulphide. The prevailing mineral is calcite, which forms irregular grains.Iron sulphide occurs as pyrite (or marcasite), which forms thin coatings rimming calcite grains, while gypsum formsthin transitional layers between calcite grains and pyrite or marcasite crusts as a result of reaction between ironsulphide oxidation products and calcite. The matrix between grains mostly consists of very fine-grained mixture of iron sulphide, calcite, gypsum and iron sulphide oxidation products, however, fields of pure gypsum were also found between some grains. According to the composition of the concretion, it can be assumed that the specimen isa pyrite- and/or marcasite- carbonate concretion, perhaps coal ball, which most probably formed by mineralisation within peat in the early stage of coal genesis in the Trbovlje formation.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Extended description:- Information:- Scholarships for the technical professions. Statements by Silva Velkavrh from the ETI Izlake ...company, Marjetka Bizjak, the headmistress of the Trbovlje Secondary Technical and Occupational School; and by two students from the Trbovlje Technical Secondary School, Tadej Medved and Anja Lavrih.- Original language summary:
Štipendije za tehnične poklice; izjava Silva Velkavrh, Eti Izlake, Marjetka Bizjak, ravnateljica Srednje tehniške in poklice šole Trbovlje; Tadej Medved, dijak Tehnične gimnazije Trbovlje, Anja Lavrih, dijakinja Tehnične gimnazije Trbovlje.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Dvestoletno rudarjenje je Trbovljam prineslo številne gospodarske, demografske in prostorske spremembe, ki so še posebej opazne v jugovzhodnem predelu nekdaj intenzivnega izkoriščanja premoga. S ...pomočjo osnovne geografske analize prostorskega, demografskega in gospodarskega razvoja, analizo javnega mnenja in strokovnih pogledov na reševanje in opisom uspešnega angleškega projekta urbane prenove smo poskušali najti učinkovit model in vsebino prihodnjega razvoja obravnavanega območja.
As an introduction, two degraded urban areas are presented. The first, planning unit seven, is situated in the southeastern part of Trbovlje town. The other, called Speke, lies to the south of ...Liverpool. The basis for the concept and context of urban renewal model are given by comparison between the newest Slovene and British spatial planning legislation, analyses of the Design management plan Nasipi and Supplementary Planning Document Edge Lane West, and review of different approaches to local communities’ involvement. Based on all the thus far collected data, a questionnaire about quality of living, knowledge of planning system and area perception was produced. Initially, it was used in a pilot residential area Žabjek, and afterwards, a shortened version was carried out in units lying in other parts of the town. Other stakeholders also expressed their ideas about how to develop planning unit seven. Speke Garston as another example of successful urban renewal is given. In conclusion guidelines for method and context development of urban renewal are given for planning unit seven, with emphasis on the Žabjek estate.
Na začetku diplomskega dela sta predstavljeni dve degradirani urbani območji, planska celota sedem v jugovzhodnem delu Trbovelj in Speke, južni predel Liverpoola. Izhodišča za zasnovo modela in ...vsebine urbane prenove so primerjava najnovejše slovenske in britanske prostorske zakonodaje s poudarkom na izvedbenih dokumentih, analiza Ureditvenega načrta Nasipi oziroma Dodatnega planskega dokumenta za Edge Lane West in prikaz slovenskega in angleškega načina sodelovanja javnosti pri izdelavi dokumentov. Na pilotnem območju Žabjeka so bile ob pomoči vprašalnika pridobljene informacije o dejanskem stanju v prostoru, kakovosti bivalnega okolja, poznavanju sistema prostorskega planiranja in dojemanja, v krajši obliki tudi na manjšem vzorcu iz preostalih predelov Trbovelj. Mnenje so podali akterji urejanja prostora. Dodatno izhodišče je uspešen primer urbane prenove Speke Garstona. V sklepu so predlagane smernice za način in vsebino urbane prenove planske celote sedem s posebnim poudarkom na stanovanjski soseski Žabjek.
// ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Two centuries of mining have significantly changed the town of Trbovlje in economic, social and spatial terms. This is especially evident in the south-eastern part of the ...town. On the basis of general geographical analysis of spatial, demographic and economic development, a query of public opinion and a survey of experts' ideas, with description of successful English urban renewal project we try to find out the most effective model and context of the future development in the area in question.
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