A number of books have been written on the death camp of Treblinka, but The Treblinka Death Camp: History, Biographies, Remembrance is unique. Webb and Chocolaty present the definitive account of one ...of history's most infamous factories of death where approximately 800,000 people lost their lives. The Nazis who ran it, the Ukrainian guards and maids, the Jewish survivors and the Poles living in the camp's shadow-every angle is covered in this astonishingly comprehensive work. The book attempts to provide a Roll of Remembrance with biographies of the Jews who perished in the death camp as well as of those who escaped from Treblinka in individual efforts or as part of the mass prisoner uprising on August 2nd, 1943. It also includes unique and previously unpublished sketches of the camp's ramp area and gas chamber, drawn by the survivors. For this second, revised edition, the authors incorporated new information and provided sources for the Jewish Roll of Remembrance. A significant number of new entries have been added. The Roll of Remembrance has also been greatly expanded to include the names of Jews deported from Germany to Treblinka. In addition, more names have been added to the Perpetrators' biographies, and other entries have also been enhanced with additional information.
The subject of ashes Millet, Kitty S.
Human remains and violence : an interdisciplinary journal,
07/2020, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article has two aims: to examine the effects of victim proximity to crematoria ashes and ash pits both consciously and unconsciously in a subset of Holocaust survivors, those who were ...incarcerated at the dedicated death camps of Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, as well as Auschwitz-Birkenau; and to contrast these effects, the subject positions they produce, with their suppression as the basis both for a strategy of survival during incarceration and for a reimagined identity after the war. Within a cohort of four survivors from Rudolf Reder (Belzec), Esther Raab (Sobibor), Jacob Wiernik (Treblinka) and Shlomo Venezia (Auschwitz), I trace the ways in which discrete memories and senses became constitutive in the formation of the subject prior to and after escape – the experience of liberation – so that essentially two kinds of subjects became visible, the subject in liberation and the subject of ashes. In conjunction with these two kinds of subjects, I introduce the compensatory notion of a third path suggested both by H. G. Adler and Anna Orenstein, also Holocaust survivors, that holds both positions together in one space, the space of literature, preventing the two positions from being stranded in dialectical opposition to each other.
Sensory Witnessing at Treblinka Flaws, Jacob
The Journal of Holocaust Research,
01/02/2021, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Employing a model of spatial analysis that examines the smells, sights, and sounds emanating from the Treblinka death camp, I chart a 'zone of sensory witnessing' that extended beyond Treblinka's ...boundaries for many kilometers into the surrounding countryside. This research vastly expands the number of known and potential witnesses to Treblinka by putting the voices of Jewish survivors, German camp personnel, and local Polish residents in conversation with one another. This methodology privileges the fact that each person within the zone of sensory witnessing, when stripped of their relative power dynamics, possessed a body capable of experiencing similar sensory phenomena, and I explore the recollections and testimonies of these individuals to describe the process by which sensory witnessing occurred both inside and outside the camp. Furthermore, how these witnesses interpreted what they experienced - as well as how this then affected, and often changed, their daily lives for the duration of the camp's existence - provides another example of just how widely sites of atrocity in the Holocaust actually reached. Specifically, it shows how sensory witnessing during the Holocaust altered patterns of behavior, even for those witnesses not directly targeted during the genocide. More broadly, this research offers a counternarrative to Nazi imagery presenting death camps as isolated and clean killing factories; positing instead that the reality for anyone within the zone of sensory witnessing consisted of brutal, horrific sensory experiences that were universally unpleasant, invasive, and widespread. Above all, this case study serves as a reminder that historical spaces once existed as sites of vivid, multisensorial reality, and as a result, genocide never occurs in obscurity.
Aerial photographs taken over the past 80 years are often the only record of topography and events that have been destroyed or obliterated. However, the lack of camera certificates for many ...historical photographs, and their physical degradation, often makes it challenging to correct them geometrically. In this paper, we present the process of orthorectifying archival Luftwaffe aerial photographs of the area of the Treblinka extermination camp from May 1944, based on a computer vision-based process and preprocessing techniques. Low-cost and easily accessible software was used, which allowed for the generation of a fully metric orthophotomap in a repeatable and accurate way. This process can be repeated for archival aerial photographs from other dates (for the Treblinka camp) and other extermination camps (Belzec and Sobibor).
The main theme of the text is the wartime and postwar history of the area of the German Nazi extermination camp Treblinka II, seen from the perspective of the production of landscape – with a special ...focus on the identity aspect, i.e. the nationalization of nature and the naturalization of the nation. The argument refers to imaging conventions of nature and ethnographic photography, like the German Heimatphotographie and the Polish Fatherland Photography, that go along with landscape production.
This paper also touches upon the issue of classification as the principle organizing the workings of the human mind as well as the uses made of classification in terms of cognition and identity – up to and including the deadly consequences thereof. Another crucial point of reference is the history of the herbarium as a form of organizing knowledge (Maria Sibylla Merian, Rosa Luxemburg, Szymon Syreński) and its connections with the visual arts (Krzysztof Jung, Alina Szapocznikow).
The rich iconography illustrates the analyzed representation patterns, with particular focus on the axiosemiotics of Polish antisemitism, going back to its elitist forms in Jagiellonian Poland. The text summarizes fifteen years of the author’s work on Herbarium, a photographic project carried out on the site of the former German Nazi extermination camp Treblinka II.
In recent years, a forensic archaeological project at Treblinka extermination camp has uncovered significant evidence relating to the mass murder that took place there. A number of questions emerged ...regarding the provenance and origins of objects discovered as part of this work, and why they had remained undiscovered for over 70 years. These discoveries led to an opportunity to confirm and challenge the history of the extermination camp, and demands (from the public) to view the objects. This paper will outline how archaeologists and artists came together to reflect on these issues, whilst simultaneously providing access to the new findings.
This article presents the results of multidisciplinary research undertaken in 2016–2019 at the German Nazi Treblinka I Forced Labour Camp. Housing 20,000 prisoners, Treblinka I was established in ...1941 as a part of a network of objects such as forced labour camps, resettlement camps and prison camps that were established in the territory of occupied Poland from September 1939. This paper describes archaeological research conducted in particular on the execution site and burial site—the area where the “death pits” have been found—in the so-called Las Maliszewski (Maliszewa Forest). In this area (poorly documented) exhumation work was conducted only until 1947, so the location of these graves is only approximately known. The research was resumed at the beginning of the 21st century using, e.g., non-invasive methods and remote-sensing data. The leading aim of this article is to describe the comprehensive research strategy, with a particular stress on non-invasive geophysical surveys. The integrated archaeological research presented in this paper includes an analysis of archive materials (aerial photos, witness accounts, maps, plans, and sketches), contemporary data resources (orthophotomaps, airborne laser scanning-ALS data), field work (verification of potential objects, ground penetrating radar-GPR surveys, excavations), and the integration, analysis and interpretation of all these datasets using a GIS platform. The results of the presented study included the identification of the burial zone within the Maliszewa Forest area, including six previously unknown graves, creation of a new database, and expansion of the Historical-GIS-Treblinka. Obtained results indicate that the integration and analyses within the GIS environment of various types of remote-sensing data and geophysical measurements significantly contribute to archaeological research and increase the chances to discover previously unknown “graves” from the time when the labour camp Treblinka I functioned.
In Warsaw Ghetto
Police, Katarzyna Person shines a spotlight
on the lawyers, engineers, young yeshiva graduates, and sons of
connected businessmen who, in the autumn of 1940, joined the newly
formed ...Jewish Order Service.
Person tracks the everyday life of policemen as their
involvement with the horrors of ghetto life gradually increased.
Facing and engaging with brutality, corruption, and the degradation
and humiliation of their own people, these policemen found it
virtually impossible to exercise individual agency. While some saw
the Jewish police as fellow victims, others viewed them as a more
dangerous threat than the German occupation authorities; both were
held responsible for the destruction of a historically important
and thriving community. Person emphasizes the complexity of the
situation, the policemen's place in the network of social life in
the ghetto, and the difficulty behind the choices that they made.
By placing the actions of the Jewish Order Service in historical
context, she explores both the decisions that its members were
forced to make and the consequences of those actions.
Featuring testimonies of members of the Jewish Order Service,
and of others who could see them as they themselves could not,
Warsaw Ghetto Police brings these impossible situations to
life. It also demonstrates how a community chooses to remember
those whose allegiances did not seem clear.
Published in Association with the US Holocaust Memorial
Museum.
How and why do movements transition from everyday resistance to overt collective action? This article examines this question taking repressive environments and threat as an important case in point. ...Drawing on primary and secondary data sources, I offer comparative insights on resistance group dynamics and perceptions of threat in three Nazi death camps—Sobibór, Treblinka, and Auschwitz—between 1941 and 1945. Prisoners formed resistance groups at each camp, but collective revolt occurred in only certain cases: when the collective perception of threat at a given camp was viewed as both immediate and lethal. The interpretation of changing, threatening conditions, and an understanding of structural and interactional opportunities for group identity and tactical strategizing, are vital for understanding collective action in repressive environments. I conclude by discussing these lessons pertaining to threat and their implications for repressive contexts and broader social movement theorizing.
Debate concerning the events of the Holocaust is well embedded in the historical discourse and, thus, clearly defined narratives of this period exist. However, in most European countries the ...Holocaust has only recently begun to be considered in terms of its surviving archaeological remains and landscapes, and the majority of known sites are still ill-defined and only partially understood from both spatial structural points of view. Additionally, thousands of sites across Europe remain unmarked, whilst the locations of others have been forgotten altogether. Such a situation has arisen as a result of a number of political, social, ethical, and religious factors which, coupled with the scale of the crimes, has often inhibited systematic search. This paper details the subsequent development and application of a non-invasive archaeological methodology aimed at rectifying this situation and presents a case for the establishment of Holocaust archaeology as a sub-discipline of conflict studies. In particular, the importance of moving away from the notion that the presence of historical sources precludes the need for the collection of physical evidence is stressed, and the humanitarian, scientific, academic, and commemorative value of exploring this period is considered.
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