In a generic synthesis approach, all three CsPbX
(X=Cl, Br and I) perovskite nanocrystals having near unity quantum yields is reported. This has been achieved by injecting the desired amount of ...preformed alkylammonium halide salts which acted as a dual source providing halide ions and the capping agent to an equimolar amount of non-halide Pb and Cs precursors in a reaction flask at an optimized reaction temperature. The composition sensitivity of Pb to Cs ratio, high temperature reaction, and injection of ammonium halide remained the key parameters for obtaining the high quantum yields. Details of the reaction process, use of different reagents and setting up the reaction parameters are reported.
Indonesia is facing various challenges because some people do not use religious and cultural values as a source of ethics in the nation and state. Socio-cultural conflicts have occurred due to ...ethnic, cultural, and religious pluralism that the government and society are not appropriately managed and fair. Based on that, Pancasila is needed by all generations of the nation. The type of research method used in this research is normative research, namely research on library materials which are primary data in science is classified as secondary data, which relies on data collection tools in the form of library studies or document studies. The research concludes that generations need Pancasila to unify the nation. Even though the Indonesian people are now united, it does not mean that Pancasila is no longer needed. Because what is called the Indonesian nation is what is currently there and what will exist in the future. As long as the regeneration process continues, we still need Pancasila as a unifying nation.
Abstract
Given a topological group
X
with unity
e
. Suppose that
X
satisfies semilocally simply connected, locally path connected and connected condition. For every connected covering space (
X
˜
, ...q) of
X
, there is a binary operation such that
X
˜
becomes a topological group with unity
r
,
q
(
r
) =
e
and
q
becomes a group homomorphism. In this paper, we show that there is a unique binary operation on
X
˜
such that it is a topological group with unity
r
and
q
is a group homomorphism.
There has been longstanding interest from both experimental psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists in the potential modulatory role of various top-down factors on multisensory ...integration/perception in humans. One such top-down influence, often referred to in the literature as the 'unity assumption,' is thought to occur in those situations in which an observer considers that various of the unisensory stimuli that they have been presented with belong to one and the same object or event (Welch and Warren, 1980). Here, we review the possible factors that may lead to the emergence of the unity assumption. We then critically evaluate the evidence concerning the consequences of the unity assumption from studies of the spatial and temporal ventriloquism effects, from the McGurk effect, and from the Colavita visual dominance paradigm. The research that has been published to date using these tasks provides support for the claim that the unity assumption influences multisensory perception under at least a subset of experimental conditions. We then consider whether the notion has been superseded in recent years by the introduction of priors in Bayesian causal inference models of human multisensory perception. We suggest that the prior of common cause (that is, the prior concerning whether multisensory signals originate from the same source or not) offers the most useful way to quantify the unity assumption as a continuous cognitive variable.
At the pinnacles of organizations, comparative tests of unity of command and shared command are nearly impossible because only one individual sits atop most organizations. In organizations led by ...co-CEOs, however, such a test is possible because co-CEOs can truly share power. But do they? Our research pits the unity-of-command principle against the shared-command principle and finds overall support for the former, even within the co-CEO context. Our sample of 71 co-CEO pairs at publicly traded U.S. firms shows that increasing power gaps between co-CEOs are positively associated with firm performance. This positive association wanes and turns negative, however, as power gaps become very large. We conclude that whatever benefits the co-CEO structure might offer likely lie outside the shared command paradigm.
In the article, the author analyzes the development of the idea of the unity of Ukraine, contradictions and heterogeneity in interpretive and normative approaches, which were explicitly or latently ...aimed at forming the value orientations of the Ukrainian nation, starting from 1991 until 2014, when the Revolution of Dignity took place. It was revealed that the specified period was characterized by the relentless search and production of new meanings, which had a contradictory nature, on the one hand, they were aimed at the rehabilitation of national history, and on the other hand, they served as a manipulative tool for the formation of public opinion and had a disintegrating effect on Ukrainian society. Special attention was paid to the issue of highlighting the idea of unity in normative and legal acts, in particular those that regulated the rehabilitation of national history and the restoration in the public field of the country of the discourse on the Day of Unity of Ukraine as an event that directly symbolized the aspirations of the Ukrainian people for the establishment of a sovereign and independent state. The article also reveals modifications of the concept of unity in the context of the ideological foundations of the work of a number of public organizations at the national and local levels. It was revealed that the period 1991–2014 was fundamental for the production of new meanings and orientations in nation-building, which ideologically prepared the ground for the events of 2014, the Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity, as well as the annexation of Crimea and the occupation of part of Donbas, which marked a new stage a test of the stability of the Ukrainian nation, in particular its unity not only in the symbolic dimension, but also in the practical plane of a direct military conflict, when the context of previous worldview contradictions was removed for the sake of preserving the political unity of the Ukrainian nation, which was subjected to a direct external attack from кussian federation. It was stressed that speculative discussions, discriminatory rhetoric surrounding the concept of the unity of the Ukrainian political nation over time transformed into a political technology of undermining the unity of Ukraine, in particular at the level of popularizing the idea of „incompatibility” and „mutual exclusivity” of the West and East of Ukraine, their economic, cultural, and foreign policy orientations. Political manipulations, multiplied by significant financial and organizational resources, led to the emergence and strengthening of regional political regimes, the actualization of disintegrating separatist political projects.
In principle, the ratio (Φ) of the maximum quantum efficiencies for electroluminescence (EL) to photoluminescence (PL) can be expected to approach unity, if the exciton (bound electron–hole pair) ...generated from the recombination of injected electrons and holes in OLEDs has a sufficiently weak binding energy. However, seldom are examples of Φ > 25% reported in OLEDs because of the strongly bound excitons for most organic semiconductors in nature. Here, a twisting donor–acceptor triphenylamine‐thiadiazol molecule (TPA‐NZP) exhibits fluorescent emission through a hybridized local and charge‐transfer excited state (HLCT), which is demonstrated from both fluorescent solvatochromic experiment and quantum chemical calculations. The HLCT state possesses two combined and compatible characteristics: a large transition moment from a local excited (LE) state and a weakly bound exciton from a charge transfer (CT) state. The former contributes to a high‐efficiency radiation of fluorescence, while the latter is responsible for the generation of a high fraction of singlet excitons. Using TPA‐NZP as the light‐emitting layer in an OLED, high Φ values of 93% (at low brightness) and 50% (at high brightness) are achieved, reflecting sufficient employment of the excitons in the OLED. Characterization of the EL device shows a saturated deep‐red emission with CIE coordinates of (0.67, 0.32), accompanied by a rather excellent performance with a maximum luminance of 4574 cd m−2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of ∼2.8%. The HLCT state is a new way to realize high‐efficiency of EL devices.
A hybridized local and charge‐transfer state character—identified based on solvatochromic effects, lifetime measurements, and DFT calculations—endows twisting donor–acceptor triphenylamine‐thiadiazol molecules (TPA‐NZP) with a high singlet ratio of nearly 100% in OLEDs. Electroluminescent decay analysis and negative magnetic‐field effects indicate that the reason for the high singlet ratio could be the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process in the high‐lying charge transfer (CT)X state
In the matter of the Unity of God which is the base of Divine teachings, different views have been presented by the theologians and philosophers of various inclinations and the Sufis and mystics ...regarding real existence and there is a specific understanding of it in the minds of the public who believe and profess the Unity of God which conforms to the views of the Peripatetic philosophers and theologians. They believe in the plurality of existence and plurality of existents based on the theory of contrast and separation of existents from each other, and believes one of these plural and contrasting existents is God and He is one of many existents, and the cause of all others. Another view believes in a single real and true instance of existence and existents and considers it to be God; however, this view believes that this single existence and existent manifests in the form of many contingents and since the result of this manifestation is the nominal existence of the contingents, their plurality does not damage the aforementioned real unity of existence and existent. In this view, the ignorant from among the Sufis and their elders are in accordance with each other, with the difference that the former limit the existence of God to this level of manifestation as can also be seen in the apparent words of the mystics and this results in the negation of the essence of God; however, the latter group, apart from this level, believe in a level of no condition-no description for His essence but consider that single existence and existent in both levels – be it the level of essence or that of the manifestations – to be necessary; in contrast to the … who, though they believed in the unity of existence, however, they consider existence to be necessary in only level and contingent in the other. In another view, which has been attributed to the transcendental inclination, existence is considered principal and real only in the Necessary Being and is, therefore one; however, in contingent beings, quiddity has been considered as principal and it is clear that quiddities are plural and various. Therefore, in this view, existence is one and is only God; however, existents include both God as well as quiddities and contingents and ultimately, in the views of the great mystics and transcendental philosophers, existence and existents, despite their real plurality, have been described as one; like a person who stands in front of multiple mirrors, in which case, man and also humanity, is plural; but since all those reflections are that same one person, they are one despite their plurality. According to this view, contingent existents are reflections, shadows, and rays of the existence of God in the world and are real and true; in contrast to the view of the Sufi scholars in which contingent existents are nominal. The aforementioned views, except the last, somehow mix polytheism regarding the real existence because in all of them limitations have been considered for God and this necessitates that God is one according to numeric unity; as is indicated by Imam Ali (peace be on him) in the sermon regarding Unity of God at the beginning of Nahjul Balagha: one who has limited Him has numbered Him (Nahjul Balagha, 1980: 40). In this case, God would not be alone and one and other existents – the contingent beings – stand beside Him; whereas lexically, tawhid means unique and singular and God is one in essence, i.e. in existence as well as attributes and actions and contingent beings are rays of His existence just as their attributes and actions are manifestations of His attributes and actions because attributes and actions follow existence and are secondary to it. Therefore, this pure and free-from-all-types-of-polytheism monotheism regarding the real existence must be sought among the monotheistic views of the great mystics and transcendental philosophers and this is Mulla Sadra’s ultimate view and can be concluded from all the discussions in The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect – even though in the discussion of cause and effect (vol. 2) he has chosen the view of the Sufi scholars (Mulla Sadra, 1981, 2: 292), in another period – probably under the influence of his teacher Mirdamad – he believed the view attributed to the transcendental inclination. This study includes three main topics: The different views regarding Unity of God, the criterion of attaining purity from polytheism, A critical study of the monotheistic views of the philosophers in contrast to the mystics.
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