The thermal quenching of light emission is a critical bottleneck that hampers the real-world application of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in both electroluminescent and down-conversion ...light-emitting diodes. Here, we report CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with a temperature-independent emission efficiency of near unity and constant decay kinetics up to a temperature of 373 K. This unprecedented regime is obtained by a fluoride post-synthesis treatment that produces fluorine-rich surfaces with a wider energy gap than the inner nanocrystal core, yielding suppressed carrier trapping, improved thermal stability and efficient charge injection. Light-emitting diodes incorporating these fluoride-treated perovskite nanocrystals show a low turn-on voltage and spectrally pure green electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency as high as 19.3% at 350 cd m−2. Importantly, nearly 80% of the room-temperature external quantum efficiency is preserved at 343 K, in contrast to the dramatic drop commonly observed for standard CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes. These results provide a promising pathway for high-performance, practical light-emitting diodes based on perovskite nanostructures.Fluoride-treated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals emit light with near unity efficiency at temperatures of up to 373 K.
Defects in conventional semiconductors substantially lower the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), a key metric of optoelectronic performance that directly dictates the maximum device ...efficiency. Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as monolayer MoS
, often exhibit low PL QY for as-processed samples, which has typically been attributed to a large native defect density. We show that the PL QY of as-processed MoS
and WS
monolayers reaches near-unity when they are made intrinsic through electrostatic doping, without any chemical passivation. Surprisingly, neutral exciton recombination is entirely radiative even in the presence of a high native defect density. This finding enables TMDC monolayers for optoelectronic device applications as the stringent requirement of low defect density is eased.
The article examines the etymology of the word „unity”, the genesis of the idea of unity in Ukrainian political thought and scientific discourse, proposes the theoretical and methodological ...foundations of the research, and analyzes the evolution of the idea of unity in the discourses of political parties and presidents of Ukraine. It is about the evolution of the idea of unity throughout the entire process of Ukrainian state formation. Historical realities were of great importance for the formation and affirmation of the idea of unity, namely, the fragmentation of lands, foreign rule, the loss of the religious oneness of the people, and national oppressions. The evolution of the idea of the unity from the princely era to the present, from the idea of a united Rus to the idea of a free Independent United Ukraine, is traced, based on the research of domestic and foreign authors. Attention is focused on the symbolism of unity, markers of unity, traditions of holding „living chains” of unity as the main symbol of the Day of Unity, which Ukrainians build, symbolizing the unification of Ukrainian lands and state unity and the nationwide celebration of Unity Day. The Day of the Unity of Ukraine is characterized by the actualization of three dimensions of political meaning – past, present and future. The idea of unity was determined, first of all, by the unity of values, ideals and interests of the citizens of Ukraine. In the political discourse, emphasis was placed on the fact that the unity is a symbol of the unification of the country, as well as a reference point for the future as a territorial and spiritual unity of the people. In the addresses and speeches of the Presidents of Ukraine, the evolution from the idea of unity to the idea of oneness was traced. Presidents of Ukraine appealed to the lessons of the past and historical figures of Ukraine; they emphasized that the unity is an indivisible whole of all Ukrainian lands; noted that unity is not only about the territory, but also about oneness, cohesion, community. Preserving the territorial integrity of Ukraine, strengthening the unity of its regions, the diversity and distinction of which have developed as a result of objective historical circumstances, will continue to be a relevant, but also an urgent task of today.
The purpose of research is to understand the meaning and dynamics of nationalism of a founding father, namely Ir. Soekarno. The research used qualitative methods with psycho-hermeneutic approaches. ...The research involved a single subject, Namely Ir. Soekarno. The results showed that nationalism contains consistent interactions between affective, cognitive, and conative. This is seen from the meaning of nationalism as a feeling of pride towards the group perceived as a nation-state on the basis of identity awareness that itself is a unified part of the group (in-group). Manifestations of nationalism in the form of political behavior create in-group unity and achieve independence from the domination of other nations (out-group). Meaning was gained through lifelong dynamics identified over four segments: partial, pre-integration, integration, and post-integration segments. Nationalism is an important element in the life of the nation and state. The soul of nationalist patrons, such as Ir. Soekarno, became relevant to be reread to be realized by all the nation's children.
Starting from the consensus of the principal Sufi scholars and non-Sufi scholars in affirming religious principles and the Qur'an as the main reference, this paper focused on the doctrineof Sufism ...through Nur (the Light) verse. The study aimed to enhanced their agreement through the literalism method, even in its most elementary form, namely literal translation. Using the literal translation method, the study tried to answer whether Wahdatul Wujud could be explored and confirmedby the literal translation of the Light verse. Besides helping to clarify Wahdatul Wujud, it also confirmed the Sufi's doctrine through comparing its results with other verses. The study pointed out that the doctrine of Wahdatul Wujud could be explained and elaborated through the literal translation of the Light verse; the explanation of Wahdatul Wujud confirmed its difference from the doctrine of hulul and ittihad; and the explanation and argumentation of Wahdatul Wujud did not only clear up misunderstandings but also opened the opportunity to reduce the tension between Sufi and others due to the polemic of the doctrine. The literal translation needs to be further examined for its application to verses other than the light verse referred to by the Sufis in explaining Wahdatul Wujud or other Sufism doctrines such as the concept of heresy (al-dhalal), the concept of injustice (al-dzulm), infidel, shirk, agnoseology (al-ta'thil), and the degree of essence (maqam al-dzat).
Roots of unity play a basic role in the theory of algebraic extensions of fields and rings. The aim of this paper is to obtain an algorithm to find all n-th roots of unity in five different kinds of ...neutrosophic complex rings, where many theorems and examples will be illustrated and suggested. Keywords: Neutrosophic root of unity, refined neutrosophic unity, n-cyclic refined neutrosophic root of unity, complex neutrosophic number
In a generic synthesis approach, all three CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br and I) perovskite nanocrystals having near unity quantum yields is reported. This has been achieved by injecting the desired amount of ...preformed alkylammonium halide salts which acted as a dual source providing halide ions and the capping agent to an equimolar amount of non‐halide Pb and Cs precursors in a reaction flask at an optimized reaction temperature. The composition sensitivity of Pb to Cs ratio, high temperature reaction, and injection of ammonium halide remained the key parameters for obtaining the high quantum yields. Details of the reaction process, use of different reagents and setting up the reaction parameters are reported.
Three colors: A rational synthesis of CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals gives all three perovskites with near unity photoluminescence quantum yield. Careful analysis of the reaction chemistry and the parameters allows a generic reaction to be developed.
"Unity in multiplicity and multiplicity in unity" is an effectual doctrine in explaining the purposes of transcendental wisdom, particularly the unification (tawhid) of existence. Transcendental ...theosophers like mystics have emphasized this doctrine. For clarifying the different features of this issue, they have put the explanation of the monistic worldview in variegated expressions. Individual unity of existence utilizes justification, explanation, and argumentation to emphasize both unity and multiplicity in the same way. Each of These justifications is illuminating in divine wisdom under abbreviations or fundamental principles. Provided good explanations, essence (haqiqah) and thinness (raqiqah), apparent (Zahir) and manifester (Muzhir), and Simple Essence (Basit al-haqiqah) are those doctrines which are very illuminating in transcendental wisdom. Besides, the principle of "unity in multiplicity and multiplicity in unity" with distinct formulation, has been developed and led the audience to individual unity of existence. Picking some passages from Aqa Ali Modarres' writings and abrading them together, some amateurs in transcendental wisdom expressed that this doctrine in his philosophy is restricted to the gradation of existence and is in contrast to individual unity of existence. Reviewing the claims in these articles and finding the explanation of this doctrine among explicit sayings of Aqa Ali Modarres will pave the way for the sound understanding of transcendental theology.
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