Creating the market university Berman, Elizabeth Popp
Princeton University Press,
2012, 2012., 20111219, 2011, 2012-00-00, 2012-01-01, 20120101
eBook, Book
Academic science in the U.S. once self-consciously avoided the market. But today it is seen as an economic engine that keeps the nation globally competitive. Creating the Market University compares ...the origins of biotech entrepreneurship, university patenting, and university-industry research centers to show how government decisions shaped by a new argument--that innovation drives the economy-transformed academic science. (Verlag)
The first decade of the 21st century brought major challenges to higher education, all of which have implications for and impact the future of faculty professional development. This volume provides ...the field with an important snapshot of faculty development structures, priorities and practices in a period of change, and uses the collective wisdom of those engaged with teaching, learning, and faculty development centers and programs to identify important new directions for practice. Building on their previous study of a decade ago, published under the title of Creating the Future of Faculty Development, the authors explore questions of professional preparation and pathways, programmatic priorities, collaboration, and assessment. Since the publication of this earlier study, the pressures on faculty development have only escalated-demands for greater accountability from regional and disciplinary accreditors, fiscal constraints, increasing diversity in types of faculty appointments, and expansion of new technologies for research and teaching. Centers have been asked to address a wider range of institutional issues and priorities based on these challenges. How have they responded and what strategies should centers be considering? These are the questions this book addresses.For this new study the authors re-surveyed faculty developers on perceived priorities for the field as well as practices and services offered. They also examined more deeply than the earlier study the organization of faculty development, including characteristics of directors; operating budgets and staffing levels of centers; and patterns of collaboration, re-organization and consolidation. In doing so they elicited information on centers' "signature programs," and the ways that they assess the impact of their programs on teaching and learning and other key outcomes. What emerges from the findings are what the authors term a new Age of Evidence, influenced by heightened stakeholder interest in the o
Keep the Damned Women Out Malkiel, Nancy Weiss
2016, 2016., 20160920, 2016-09-20, Letnik:
102
eBook, Book
As the tumultuous decade of the 1960s ended, a number of very traditional, very conservative, highly prestigious colleges and universities in the United States and the United Kingdom decided to go ...coed, seemingly all at once, in a remarkably brief span of time. Coeducation met with fierce resistance. As one alumnus put it in a letter to his alma mater, "Keep the damned women out." Focusing on the complexities of institutional decision making, this book tells the story of this momentous era in higher education—revealing how coeducation was achieved not by organized efforts of women activists, but through strategic decisions made by powerful men. In America, Ivy League schools like Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Dartmouth began to admit women; in Britain, several of the men's colleges at Cambridge and Oxford did the same. What prompted such fundamental change? How was coeducation accomplished in the face of such strong opposition? How well was it implemented? Nancy Weiss Malkiel explains that elite institutions embarked on coeducation not as a moral imperative but as a self-interested means of maintaining a first-rate applicant pool. She explores the challenges of planning for the academic and non-academic lives of newly admitted women, and shows how, with the exception of Mary Ingraham Bunting at Radcliffe, every decision maker leading the charge for coeducation was male. Drawing on unprecedented archival research, “Keep the Damned Women Out” is a breathtaking work of scholarship that is certain to be the definitive book on the subject.
► The entrepreneurial effectiveness of European universities is examined. ► Scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. ► No trade-offs between transfer ...mechanisms are revealed. ► Contract research and spin-off creation even tend to facilitate each other.
The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Recibido: 19 de enero de 2023 Aceptado: 4 de junio de 2023 Resumo O artigo analisa o papel da Amazônia na sustentabilidade global do planeta pautando as contribuições de seus povos para este processo ...e como inspiração e fonte de aprendizado social e educacional para outros povos do mundo. Resumen El artículo analiza el papel de la Amazonía en la sostenibilidad global del planeta, orientando los aportes de sus pueblos a este proceso y como inspiración y fuente de aprendizaje social y educativo para otros pueblos del mundo. Las reflexiones contenidas en el artículo fueron producidas como resultado de investigaciones bibliográficas, documentales y de campo, que forman parte de un estudio más amplio que está siendo realizado por el equipo de la UFPA que forma parte del proyecto Climate-U, con el objetivo de crear Colectivos de Gobernanza Territorial (COGTER), a través de acciones dialógicas entre la universidad y los movimientos sociales de los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales, para enfrentar los impactos ambientales que destruyen biomas y expulsan a los pueblos tradicionales de sus comunidades y provocan el cambio climático. Existem, no entanto mais de 23 milhões de pessoas que vivem nos nove estados da Amazônia brasileira, incluindo, além dos núcleos urbanos, mais de 180 etnias indígenas, comunidades quilombolas, extrativistas e ribeirinhas1. A conservação ambiental nos seus piores momentos tem visto os povos indígenas como um incômodo, uma causa potencial da destruição da flora e fauna ou do esgotamento dos recursos naturais, levando, em alguns casos, à sua remoção forçada das reservas naturais (Bell 2022). Contrapondo-se a esses enquadramentos, este artigo visa enriquecer o debate em torno do papel da Amazônia na sustentabilidade global por meio de uma análise do papel de seus povos - como motor de transformação da Amazônia brasileira, mas também como inspiração e fonte de aprendizado social e educacional para outros povos ao redor do mundo. Especificamente, avalia o papel que as parcerias universidade-comunidade desempenham nesse processo, com base nos princípios da pesquisa-ação participativa. Este artigo baseia-se em pesquisas realizadas como parte do projeto Transforming Universities for a Changing Climate (Climate-U), uma rede internacional de instituições de ensino superior que trabalham pela justiça climática. Ao final, analisa o papel das parcerias universidade-comunidade desenvolvidas para combater a exploração da região, protagonizada pelos participantes da pesquisa-ação participativa em suas comunidades e territórios, destacando as implicações extraídas para a luta pela justiça climática global. 2. Amazônia e os grandes projetos: implicações para a natureza e violação dos direitos dos povos indígenas e comunidades tradicionais A Amazônia ou Amazônias, considerada no plural em nossos estudos, possui duas importantes marcas identitárias em sua configuração territorial: a Complexidade e a Diversidade que se expressam nos aspectos ambientais, produtivos e socioculturais e incidem na reprodução das incontáveis formas de vida que abriga e na convivência entre seus povos/etnias/nacionalidades/grupos/classes sociais; combinando diferentes modos de senti-pensares com a floresta e os rios, com seus saberes de coletar, pescar, caçar, praticar agricultura, proteger, curar (Marlheiro et al, 2021); com seus processos educativos e de territorialização que afirmam os pertencimentos a este imenso território.
Humanism and Calvinism Reid, Steven J.
2011, 20161205, 2013, 2011-02-01, 2016-12-05, 2016-11-15
eBook
Across early-modern Europe the confessional struggles of the Reformation touched virtually every aspect of civic life; and nowhere was this more apparent than in the universities, the seedbed of ...political and ecclesiastical society. Focussing on events in Scotland, this book reveals how established universities found themselves at the centre of a struggle by competing forces trying to promote their own political, religious or educational beliefs, and under competition from new institutions. It surveys the transformation of Scotland's medieval and Catholic university system into a greatly-expanded Protestant one in the decades following the Scottish Reformation of 1560. Simultaneously the study assesses the contribution of the continentally-educated religious reformer Andrew Melville to this process in the context of broader European social and cultural developments - including growing lay interest in education (as a result of renaissance humanism), and the involvement of royal and civic government as well as the new Protestant Kirk in university expansion and reform. Through systematic use of largely neglected manuscript sources, the book offers fresh perspectives on both Andrew Melville and the development of Scottish higher education post-1560. As well as providing a detailed picture of events in Scotland, it contributes to our growing understanding of the role played by higher education in shaping society across Europe.
Steven J. Reid, Department of History, University of Glasgow, UK
Contents: Introduction; Between Reformation and reform: the Scottish universities, 1560-74; Humanism and Calvinism: Melville's education, 1545-74; The first foray into reform: Melville and the 'ancient' universities, 1574-84; Reform and reaction at St Andrews, 1579-88; The rise and fall of 'Melvillian' St Andrews, 1588-97; The rise of 'the moderates' in St Andrews, 1597-1606; 'Godly' humanism, civic control: Scotland's Protestant arts colleges, 1582-c.1606; The Scottish universities post-Melville, c.1606-25; Conclusion; Appendix; Bibliography; Index.
Universities in the marketplace Bok, Derek
Princeton University Press,
2003, 2003., 20090214, 2009, 2004-00-00, 2003-01-01, 20030101, Letnik:
39
eBook, Book
Is everything in a university for sale if the price is right? Since 1975, universities have been much more aggressive than they previously were in trying to make money from their research an ...educational activities. Many institutions have launched vigorous patent licensing programs, for-profit ventures in Internet education and a wide variety of other commercial initiatives. The author discusses why this trend has developed, what danger it poses for universities, and how academic leaders can act to limit the risk to their institutions. Contents: 1. The Roots of Commercialization. - 2. Avoiding Bias. - 3. Athletics. - 4. Scientific Research. - 5. Education. - 6. The Benefits and Costs of Commercialization. - 7. Reforming Athletics. - 8. Protecting the Integrity of Research. - 9. Preserving Educational Values. - 10. Living Up to the Rules. - 11. Seizing the Moment (HoF/text adopted).
► The article identifies a typology of changes in national university IPR regulations in Europe, suggesting that the landscape remains extremely varied, despite some common trends. ► There has been ...general increase in university patenting since 1990, with a slowdown after early 2000s. ► University patent ownership has increased, although the share of company-owned academic patents remains high. ► It is difficult to attribute these trends uniquely to changes in IPR ownership regulations, as they have also been affected by concurrent institutional, cultural and organizational transformations.
This article develops a general framework to describe the changes in university IPR regulations in Europe and their effects on the patenting activities of universities and on knowledge transfer processes. Understanding the effects of changes in IPR regulations on academic patenting is a complex issue, and parallels with the US case can be misleading. First, despite the general trend towards institutional ownership, university IPR regulations in Europe remain extremely differentiated and there is no one-to-one mapping to the US system. Second, it is difficult to disentangle the quantitative and qualitative effects of changes in IPR ownership regulations on academic patenting activities from the effects of concurrent transformations in the institutional, cultural and organizational landscape surrounding academic knowledge transfer. The article proposes a review and typological classification of national university IPR ownership systems on the basis of their development since 2000, and uses it to analyze the aggregate dynamics of academic patent ownership in several European countries. The analysis of patterns of ownership of academic patents shows that there has been a general increase in university patenting since 1990, with a significant slowdown (and even reduction in some countries) after early 2000s accompanied by a switch in academic patents ownership in favor of university ownership though preserving the European specificity of high company ownership of academic invented patents.
Based on years of observation at a large state university, "Wannabe U" tracks the dispiriting consequences of trading in traditional educational values for loyalty to the market. Aping their ...boardroom idols, the new corporate administrators at such universities wander from job to job and reductively view the students there as future workers in need of training. Obsessed with measurable successes, they stress auditing and accountability, which leads to policies of surveillance and control dubiously cloaked in the guise of scientific administration. In this eye-opening expose of the modern university, Tuchman paints a candid portrait of the corporatization of higher education and its impact on students and faculty. Like the best campus novelists, Tuchman entertains with her acidly witty observations of backstage power dynamics and faculty politics, but ultimately "Wannabe U" is a hard-hitting account of how higher education's misguided pursuit of success fails us all.
Over the last few decades, globalization and ever-increasing demands of the knowledge-based economy have caused higher education in most countries around the world to undergo significant ...transformation. Notwithstanding the dramatic changes in higher education, it is clearly noticed that the influence of the European higher education models is still present despite the fact that the American model has then become dominant on higher education in Europe or even worldwide. The changes have been seen in the evolutionary roles of universities, which share the common trend from traditional missions of teaching and research to the third mission for economic development. Despite various viewpoints about the third mission, the common one concerns the entrepreneurial role of university for socio-economic development, underlying the concept of entrepreneurial university in which the collaboration between university and external stakeholders is emphasized. This paper is aimed to present a review of the taxonomy of the three European higher education models, namely the Humboldtian, Napoleonic, and Anglo-Saxon model, which is followed by a discussion on the emergence of the Anglo-American model of higher education. The paper then presents the third mission in relation to the roles of a university in developed countries, which is followed by the elaboration on the transformation from mode 1 to mode 2 in knowledge production, and a pathway toward entrepreneurial universities.
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