Vojvodina is situated in the northern part of Serbia. The region is divided into: Bačka in the northwest, Banat in the east and Srem in the southwest. A small part of the Mačva region is also located ...in Vojvodina, in the Srem District. Vojvodina is abundant with numerous grasslands suitable for sheep grazing. The present study was conducted in 90 sheep flocks from the territory of Vojvodina in the period of March 2014 to January 2015, using into consideration the biodiversity and sesonal occurance and prevalence of isolated parasites. Fecal samples were examined by using qualitative and quantitative coprological methods. Infection we occurred at 81.22% of sheep. We found eggs of Nematodirus sp. (71.22%), Ostertagia sp. (69.22%), Trichostrongylus sp. (66.55%), Haemonchus sp. (64.44%), Chabertia ovina (60.11%), Dictyocaulus spp. (49.00%), Oesophagostomum sp.(36.77%), Dicrocelium dendriticum (34.66%), Marshallagia sp. (29.66%), Cooperia sp. (27.88%), Moniezia sp. (26.77%), Bunostomum sp. (22.33%) and Skrjabinema sp. (13,66%).
Applying geochemical proxies as measure for the weathering intensity of paleosols and sediments such as loess, the Quaternary scientist is confronted with various element ratios that have been ...proposed in literature. This paper gives an overview on the principle of geochemical weathering indices. Different types of indices are evaluated with respect to the suitability for loess–paleosol sequences, regarding the special characteristics of this type of sediments and paleosols. Case examples in this study are key sections in Southeastern and Eastern Europe: the loess–paleosol sequences Batajnica/Stari Slankamen (Serbia), Mircea Voda (Romania) and Stary Kaydaky (Ukraine), which represent archives of the Late and Mid-Pleistocene climate change of the region. Considering element behavior during weathering or diagenesis, the Chemical Proxy of Alteration (CPA) – i.e. the molar ratio Al
2O
3/(Al
2O
3 + Na
2O) × 100 – is proposed as the most appropriate index for silicate weathering. The CPA was evaluated against commonly used weathering indices including the “Chemical Index of Alteration” (CIA), the “Chemical Index of Weathering“ (CIW), the “Plagioclase Index of Alteration“ (PIA), the Index B of Kronberg and Nesbitt, and the Ba/Sr and Rb/Sr ratio. Depth profiles of “Sr-type indices” (e.g. Ba/Sr, Rb/Sr) are likely to be influenced by the dynamics of secondary carbonate. On the other hand, common “Na-type indices” (e.g. CIA, PIA, CIW) may suffer from uncertainties in separating carbonate–Ca from silicate–Ca or from biases due to K-fixation (illitization). The CPA is insensitive against such effects. Additionally, using the CPA (as with other Na-type indices) provides the possibility to evaluate the homogeneity of the parent material regarding the relevant host minerals via the A–CN–K diagram.
Summary The development of rural areas is a complex social, economic, political and cultural issue of immense importance to the development of society as a whole. The vitality of rural communities, ...which represent a specific socio-spatial phenomenon, affects the development of global society and is inextricably linked to the development and issues of urban areas of each society. Both in theory and development practice, rural development as a complex and enduring process has long been unjustifiably reduced to the economic-agrarian matrix, often reflected in the modernization of agriculture and the centralized and sectoral management of and influence on rural development. The primary focus of this paper is on the social capital of rural communities, i.e. social relations and connections within local rural communities which, alongside other important development factors, are one of the prerequisites to maintaining their vitality. The paper presents the results of a survey on social capital conducted on 281 farms in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia), indicating the characteristics of the social capital on the farms considered and the farmers’ attitudes towards the development and life of their local communities. The social capital of the surveyed farmers was found to be only relatively good, suggesting that the overall social capital in Serbia is underdeveloped because all the farms considered are located in Vojvodina, i.e. the most developed agricultural area in Serbia characterized by rural settlements with the most favorable infrastructural, demographic and economic conditions.
Loess correlations – Between myth and reality Marković, Slobodan B.; Stevens, Thomas; Mason, Joseph ...
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology,
11/2018, Letnik:
509
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The correlation of loess sequences across global, hemispheric, regional and local scales is one of the most fundamental aspects to loess research. However, despite recent progress in stratigraphic ...and chronometric methods, the correlation of many loess sequences is often still based on untested assumptions over loess deposition, preservation, soil type and age. As such, the aim of this overview is to provide an adequate framework for evaluation of the accuracy of loess correlations applied on different temporal and spatial scales across Eurasia. This opens up possibilities for detailed temporal and spatial environmental reconstructions across the huge loess provinces of the Eurasia and provides a framework for future extension of this to North America. Additionally, we evaluate the potential development of appropriate sub-millennial scale loess correlations, as well as essentially important chronological approaches for establishing valid correlations between different loess records, such as current improvements in tephrochronology, 14C and luminescence dating techniques.
Mineral dust records distant from dust sources are crucial in establishing wider atmospheric dust loads in the past. However, detailed, independent chronologies for loess-palaeosol sequences distant ...from local dust sources are still rare in Europe. In this study we present a high-resolution OSL and pIRIR290 chronology and multi-proxy investigation of the Irig loess-palaeosol sequence (LPS), Vojvodina, Serbia. Our results show that 4–11 μm quartz is a reliable dosimeter only up to ~59 ka (179 Gy), after which the OSL ages underestimate the expected ages based on stratigraphy. The pIRIR290 signal displays generally good luminescence behaviour and resultant ages show good agreement with the expected stratigraphic ages, although with apparent 15 kyr and 35 kyr age underestimations at the L2-S2 and S2-L3 boundaries, respectively. The calculated dust mass accumulation rates (MAR) reveal large fluctuations during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. During the penultimate glacial, the highest MARs were observed between 171 and 181 ka, subsequently decreasing rapidly during MIS 5. During the last glacial period, dust MARs display maximum values during MIS 2 and MIS 4, while the lowest dust input was observed during the Holocene, followed by MIS 3. Dust MAR and grain-size shifts appear to lead changes in magnetic susceptibility by several kyr. Our results imply that changes in dust availability and wind dynamics occurred prior to changes in climate-controlled soil moisture conditions at the Irig LPS. Moreover, our results reveal a close coupling of the dust MAR and grain-size variations during the Mid-Late Pleistocene. These patterns suggest that the Irig site is likely representative of regional dust dynamics, which separates it from more source proximal loess sites, such as those close to major rivers, which are likely more affected by local dust availability and river discharge.
•The 4–11 μm quartz from the Irig LPS is a reliable dosimeter only up to ~59 ka.•Close coupling of MARs and grain-size variations during the Mid-Late Pleistocene.•Peak dustiness at Irig occurred during Heinrich event 2.•MAR and grain-size shifts lead changes in magnetic susceptibility by several kyr.•Changes in dust availability occurred prior to changes in soil moisture conditions.
The loess–palaeosol sequence of Batajnica (Vojvodina region, Serbia) is considered as one of the most complete and thickest terrestrial palaeoclimate archives for the Middle and Late Pleistocene. In ...order to achieve a numerical chronology for this profile, four sets of ages were obtained on 18 individual samples. Equivalent doses were determined using the SAR protocol on fine (4–11 μm) and coarse (63–90 μm) quartz fractions, as well as on polymineral fine grains by using two elevated temperature infrared stimulation methods, pIRIR290 and pIRIR225. We show that the upper age limit of coarse quartz OSL and polymineral pIRIR290 and pIRIR225 techniques is restricted to the Last Glacial/Interglacial cycle due to the field saturation of the natural signals. Luminescence ages on coarse quartz, pIRIR225 and pIRIR290 polymineral fine grains are in general agreement. Fine quartz ages are systematically lower than the coarse quartz and pIRIR ages, the degree of underestimation increasing with age. Comparison between natural and laboratory dose response curves indicate the age range over which each protocol provides reliable ages. For fine and coarse quartz, the natural and laboratory dose response curves overlap up to ~150 and ~250 Gy, respectively, suggesting that the SAR protocol provides reliable ages up to c. 50 ka on fine quartz and c. 100 ka on coarse quartz. Using the pIRIR225 and pIRIR290 protocols, equivalent doses up to ~400 Gy can be determined, beyond which in the case of the former the natural dose response curve slightly overestimates the laboratory dose response curve. Our results suggest that the choice of the mineral and luminescence technique to be used for dating loess sediments should take into consideration the reported limited reliability.
An early entrepreneurial education has a positive influence on decisions of young people to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Long term unemployment among young people is a characteristic of ...Republic of Serbia. The youth unemployment can be decreased by directing and encouraging young people to start their own businesses, but shaping the entrepreneurial aspirations should take primacy. These aspirations must be founded on knowledge, skills, social involvement and networking. Educational system should be adjusted to follow economic and market shifts. In this paper, research was conducted in four high schools in rural municipalities of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The pupils were given a questioner regarding their entrepreneurial aspirations. Based on the collected data, measures for altering and complementing curriculums in high schools can be designed. Early entrepreneurial education is helping young population to build their careers on realistic grounds and compatible with ongoing global trends.
In 1990 Marton Pecsi published a paper entitled ‘Loess is not just the accumulation of dust’. This 1990 paper presented the case for considering aspects of loess formation other than the aeolian ...deposition of silty material. Pecsi argued that there is more to loess formation than simply the fact of aeolian deposition. While not disputing the validity of much of Pecsi’s arguments a case can be made for considering that aeolian deposition is at the very heart of loess formation, that the factor of aeolian deposition is so critical that other aspects are relatively unimportant. Pecsi appeared to suggest that aeolian deposition is just one of many factors relating to the formation of loess deposits; this is not so aeolian deposition and the consequent formation of metastable structures is absolutely central. But, it is probably useful to consider the ‘aeolian deposition is absolutely critical’ approach and the ‘aeolian deposition is one of the factors’ approach in some more detail, and in relation to each other. Some insights may accrue; interesting things do happen after the deposition of the dust and this needs to be acknowledged.
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•High-resolution paleomagnetic time scale was established for the Serbian loess.•The Matuyama-Brunhes boundary was determined within the paleosol S8 of the Serbian loess.•Serbian ...loess record correlates well with that of the Chinese loess over the past one million years.
In Europe, the most complete loess-paleosol sequences over the past million years are preserved in the Serbian part of the Danube River drainage basin. The similarity in stratigraphy and climatic cycles between the Serbian and the Chinese loess sequences suggests that the loess deposits in these two regions could play an important role in the study of intercontinental climatic correlations and linkage. However, previous magnetostratigraphic studies of the Serbian loess, mainly conducted using the alternating field (AF) demagnetization approach, show significant differences with the Chinese loess, especially the stratigraphic positioning of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary (MBB). Here, we conduct a detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation of a composite Titel-Stari Slankamen loess section in the Vojvodina (northern Serbia), using thermal and hybrid demagnetization methods, aiming to establish new chronological constraints for the Danube Basin loess. Based on the analyses of the mineral magnetic properties, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, progressive thermal and hybrid demagnetization, the MBB was determined within S8, broadly consistent with the MBB position seen in the Chinese loess. Present evidence supports the hypothesis that the overall normal polarity in the upper part of L9, with a thickness of 2.1 m, was possibly caused by a combination of the remagnetization of remanence-carrying coarse-grained magnetite during the Brunhes normal chron and bioturbation during the forming of the overlying paleosol S8. Thus, our magnetostratigraphic results provide solid chronological evidence for the coherence of pedostratigraphy and climatostratigraphy for the loess deposits in the Danube Basin and China. The synchronous occurrence of the strongest developed paleosol S5 (corresponding to MISs 15–13) and the least weathered thick loess unit L9 (corresponding to MISs 24–22) in the two regions confirms that extreme climatic events during these two intervals are possibly common features of the climate in the Northern Hemisphere at those times.
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