The contention that the true function of Auschwitz was unknown in the West until the arrival of the Vrba/Wetzler report in June 1944 has been repeatedly discredited by corrective scholarship. ...Nevertheless, the narrative that Auschwitz was elusive continues to be circulated, most recently in Oxford Films' 'docudrama' 1944: Should we bomb Auschwitz? This article offers an overview of scholarship on Allied knowledge of Auschwitz in order to critique the premises that guide 1944: Should we bomb Auschwitz? The article includes a brief reflection on research horizons beyond the elusiveness narrative.
The Auschwitz Report Baron, Frank
Hungarian cultural studies,
09/2023, Letnik:
16
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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The escape of Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler from Auschwitz on April 7, 1944, was extraordinary in its daring, courageous execution, and impact. The challenging task of the two escapees was to inform ...the world of previously unimaginable crimes, and to do so in a way that made the unbelievable believable. Because the deportations to Auschwitz were still in progress, it was essential to inform the threatened Jewish populations that they were slated by the Germans to be part of the “final solution.” When and how the transmission of the resulting Auschwitz Report took place, made all the difference, and that is this paper’s focus. Decisive transmissions involved secret networks in Switzerland and Hungary, taking place independently. Despite the presence of the Gestapo and the German army, finally, in early July, 1944, two independent, increasingly powerful efforts engendered by the report converged in Budapest. Only then could one of the most remarkable rescues of World War II take place. fbaron@ku.edu
To investigate whether human breast milk contains potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria, and therefore, whether it can be considered a synbiotic food.
Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from ...milk, mammary areola, and breast skin of eight healthy mothers and oral swabs and feces of their respective breast-fed infants. Some isolates (178 from each mother and newborn pair) were randomly selected and submitted to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction analysis, and those that displayed identical RAPD patterns were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing.
Within each mother and newborn pair, some rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria isolated from mammary areola, breast milk, and infant oral swabs and feces displayed identical RAPD profiles. All of them, independently from the mother and child pair, were identified as
Lactobacillus gasseri. Similarly, among coccoid lactic acid bacteria from these different sources, some shared an identical RAPD pattern and were identified as
Enterococcus faecium. In contrast, none of the lactic acid bacteria isolated from breast skin shared RAPD profiles with lactic acid bacteria of the other sources.
Breast-feeding can be a significant source of lactic acid bacteria to the infant gut. Lactic acid bacteria present in milk may have an endogenous origin and may not be the result of contamination from the surrounding breast skin.
Background: Prophylactic efficacy against colitis following lactobacillus consumption in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) mice has been reported. Whether this applies equally to other probiotic ...strains is unknown, and the mechanism is unclear. Aims: (1) To compare the effect of feeding Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 against placebo on enterocolitis, the intestinal microflora, and (2) to compare the systemic immunological response to in vitro microbial challenge in probiotic fed and control IL-10 KO mice. Methods: Three groups of 10 IL-10 KO mice were fed fermented milk products containing Lb salivarius 433118 at 109 CFU/ml, B infantis 35624 at 108 CFU/ml, and unmodified milk, respectively, for 19 weeks. Faecal samples were taken at regular intervals to confirm gut transit, recovery of fed probiotics, and to assess the impact on the microflora. At sacrifice, the bowels were histologically scored. Cytokine production from Peyers’ patches and splenocytes was measured in vitro by ELISA. Results: Faecal recovery of probiotics was confirmed in all probiotic fed mice but not in controls. Colonic and caecal inflammatory scores were significantly decreased in both groups of probiotic fed mice (p<0.05). Proinflammatory cytokine production by Peyers’ patches and splenocytes was significantly reduced in probiotic fed animals whereas transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) levels were maintained. Conclusion: Both Lactobacillus salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly attenuate colitis in this murine model. Attenuation of colitis is associated with a reduced ability to produce Th1-type cytokines systemically and mucosally, while levels of TGF-β are maintained.
Enterococcus faecium Y31 is a class IIa bacteriocin producer found in traditional Chinese fermented foods. The bacteriocin produced by Y31 (bacteriocin Y31) has a broad inhibitory spectrum. Here, we ...investigated the safety and behaviours of E. faecium Y31 in North-eastern Chinese traditional fermentation paocai (NCTFP) to assess its suitability as an adjunct culture. E. faecium Y31 showed interesting features, such as the absence of virulence determinants (aggregation substance agg, enterococcal surface protein esp, endocarditis antigen efaAfm, gelatinase gelE, hemolysin cylA, cylB, cylM, sex pheromone cpd, cob, ccf, adhesion of collagen ace, and hyaluronidase hyl genes), sensitivity to various antibiotics, lack of haemolytic compounds, and lack of biogenic amine production. E. faecium Y31 could propagate in raw Chinese cabbage and produce bacteriocin Y31. To evaluate its performance as an adjunct culture for NCTFP, changes in the overall quality of control (noninoculated) and experimental NCTFP (inoculated with E. faecium Y31 under previously optimised fermentation conditions) were determined in duplicate fermentations of Chinese cabbage using chemical, microbiological, texture, and sensory evaluations. In the presence of E. faecium Y31, faster fermentation and higher bacteriocin Y31 production were observed than in the control. Additionally, the nitrite concentration of the fermentation solution decreased more rapidly, the total viability of the culture increased, and the lactic acid bacterium population was higher than those in NCTFP produced by spontaneous fermentation. No yeasts and moulds were detected in NCTFP produced by inoculation fermentation or spontaneous fermentation, and the textural properties of these two products were similar. Sensory evaluation results for NCTFP produced by inoculation fermentation were superior to those produced by spontaneous fermentation. Therefore, E. faecium Y31 was sufficient as an adjunct culture to enhance both the hygienic and sensory attributes of NCTFP and its use may help to address the issues inherent in commercial production of NCTFP.
•Class IIa bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium Y31 is safe for use in food.•Bacteriocinogenic E. faecium Y31 is an adequate adjunct culture in the NCTFP.•E. faecium Y31 enhances the fermentation speed of the NCTFP.•E. faecium Y31 enhances both the hygienic and sensory attributes of the NCTFP.•The use of E. faecium Y31 in the NCTFP solves some current industrial problems of the NCTFP.
Over thirty years ago Lenni Brenner's
Zionism in the Age of the Dictators
awakened the ghosts of Nazi-Zionist collaboration. This collaboration was an extension of Zionism's historical attitude to ...anti-Semitism in Europe, which saw anti-Semitism as the natural reaction of non-Jews to the abnormal presence of Jews. The Zionist movement was outraged by these public revelations of collaboration and sought to censor them. Brenner brought together some of the most damning evidence of Zionism's collaboration with the Nazis and their obstruction of the rescue of European Jews to anywhere but Palestine. This essay critiques Brenner's thesis, especially its failure to analyse the Holocaust in depth. Brenner rightly denounced this collaboration, but, as in the case of the Israeli Holocaust Memorial Museum Yad Vashem, he produced no analysis of this official Israeli memorial project. This essay furthermore explores the implications of Zionist collaboration as in the case of Argentina under the Junta and for a future resurgence of anti-Semitism.
Spominskoploščo na rojstni hišipesnika Franceta Prešerna v Vrbi so slovesno odkrili 15. septembra 1872. Slovesnost je organiziralo aprila 1872 ustanovljeno slovensko Pisateljsko društvo oziroma ...mladoslovenci, ki so v tem času hoteli pridobiti vpliv v društvu Slovenska matica. Na odkritju je bilo več kot šest tisoč ljudi. Slavnostní govornik je bil Radoslav Razlag. Načrtovana blagoslovitevplošče je odpadla, ker ljubljanski knezoškof za to ni dal dovoljenja. Josip Stritar je na prošnjo Josipa Vošnjaka napisalpesem »Na Prešernovem domu 15. septembra 1872«, ki jo je uglasbil Benjamin Ipavec. Na občnem zboru Slovenske matice 26. septembra 1872 so bili izvoljeni staroslovenski kandidati.
Razvojne možnosti Vrbe Krajner, Petra
Urbani izziv,
2007, 20070101, 2007-01-01, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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S pripravo novega občinskega prostorskega načrta občine Žirovnica se obravnava tudi razvojni potencial tipične slovenske gručaste vasi z dislocirano dominanto, obdane z značilno kulturno krajino in ...visoko simbolno vrednostjo na nacionalnem nivoju. Varovano območje kulturne dediščine s spomenikom – Prešernova rojstna hiša predstavlja razvojni potencial za vas Vrba, občino in državo znotraj EU, ki ga je nedvomno potrebno ohraniti, ne pa tudi zavirati v razvoju. Zato bosta v ta prostor v prihodnosti umeščena dva objekta: Dom kulture Vrba in obvozna cesta, ki naj hkrati rešuje prometno vozlišče Vrba in odpira pogled na značilne vedute kraja. V procesu izdelave OPN prihaja do usklajevanj različnih interesov v prostoru z upoštevanjem vseh varstvenih režimov in javno izraženega mnenja krajanov na predstavitvi. Dopolnjen osnutek OPN bo obravnaval variantne rešitve.
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