With the advent of HTML5, the next generation of browser-based technologies for web developers, new connectivity paradigms have arisen that will allow web developers to move beyond HTTP-based ...stateless transactions. However, such new features do not transition seamlessly from the desktop to mobile browsers. Specifically, handheld devices with limited battery life can be impacted by persistent connectivity. In this work, two recent technologies (WebSockets and WebRTC) are examined with respect to power consumption. Based on this analysis, recommendations for improving battery life when using these technologies are provided.
Remote Labs refer to an end-to-end system, including hardware and software built to access scientific equipment and resources remotely. The software platform built for such purposes needs to be ...robust enough to handle the communication of inputs and outputs between the client and the hardware nodes with minimal latency and simultaneously provide a seamless user experience. This paper highlights the importance of scalability in Remote Labs and presents multi-user multiplexing as a solution, to essentially provide users with concurrent access to the hardware node for experiments which can generate outputs instantaneously. The paper discusses the inefficiency of existing web-based Remote Labs with 4-layered architectures and proposes the use of WebSocket with a 3-layer software architecture to enhance user experience, accelerate input-output communication and implement multi-user multiplexing. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed architecture over existing implementations using Blynk IoT platform as the middleware, a comprehensive communication pipeline was developed from scratch to perform Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) experiment remotely.
WebTransport is a new protocol which enables the opening of a persistent connection between a client and server for bi-directional, uni-directional and datagram data exchange. The WebTransport ...protocol is currently in a draft state within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). WebTransport is designed to use the QUIC protocol as its transport mechanism, which provides packet ordering and delivery management. This article provides an overview of the WebTransport protocol, summarises prior work on benchmarking QUIC, and compares WebTransport and WebSockets. The findings indicate that Web-Transport does not match the performance of WebSockets with the current language implementations.
Integrating full-duplex low-latency communication middleware inside an HTTP based client-server interaction enables the development of powerful and highly-interactive web applications. Among the ...existing client-server communication protocols, there is WebSockets that allows the browser and the server backend to open a lively session interaction independent from the main HTTP application communication. There are different implementations of this full-duplex protocol, though per se, they do not offer the security protections required in cyber-physical systems (CPS). As a result, low-latency comes at the price of explicitly adding the needed security hooks to protect the application. This paper contributes an analysis of WebSockets technology from the point of view of its architecture and vulnerabilities and its applicability to CPS. We present the some selected implementations of the protocol that have become de-facto standard implementations given their broad usage; and we describe the vulnerabilities that they integrate -given their architecture- and how to overcome them. The paper provides an exemplification of a step by step communication between server and client on a full duplex WebSocket communication and shows how the associated vulnerabilities are exploited in a real use case scenario.
This paper presents the development of a teleoperation system designed for remote control of a ROS robot over the internet. While existing visualization tools like rvis are limited to the host system ...or local area network, this system aims to overcome those constraints. The system's primary objectives are remote motor control and lidar data visualization using point cloud and camera data, and it is compatible with any ROS system, tested with ROS2 Foxy.The system meets the following requirements:1.The ability to work over the internet.2.The ability to visualize lidar and camera data.3.The ability to control motors.To achieve this, the system relies heavily on ROSBridge, which is a ROS node that exposes ROS communication channels such as topics, services, and activities out to the internet using websockets. This enables any client to subscribe and publish data to and from the ROS communication channels.The user interface of envious incorporates various interactive elements, including the camera feed, motor controllers, and lidar data visualization. These components are implemented using roslibjs, react, and react three fiber, which leverages webgl and threejs libraries to create an abstraction layer for seamless integration with the web application.By leveraging ROSBridge and modern web technologies, the proposed system offers the ability to control motors and visualize lidar and camera data remotely over the internet. It provides a user-friendly interface for interacting with the ROS system, facilitating teleoperation of robots from any location with an internet connection. This system expands the capabilities of ROS beyond local networks, opening up new possibilities for remote robotics applications and collaborations.Enhancing the capabilities of this system would opens up a world of exciting applications, one of which is a swarm mapping system that takes leverage of multiple interconnected robots to collaboratively map and explore an area
An increase in the internet speed and bandwidth has enabled researchers to go beyond Machine-to-Machine(M2M) communication to the Internet of Things(IoT). IoT has now found its application in ...healthcare, agriculture, industry, the military, and many more. With the expansion in the number of IoT devices, these applications can be enhanced much more. However, with an increase in the number of IoT devices, the data from these devices also increases, and a proper data protocol is required to achieve smooth communication between devices. Typical HTTP or HTTPS is not enough for the data transmission in IoT. This paper compares different IoT data protocols - MQTT, AMQP, CoAP, XMPP; also, it is compared with the standard method of sending data, i.e., Websockets and DDS. Packet creation time, Transmission time, and Packet size are taken as the performance matrices for comparison of these protocols. This comparison helps the user conclude which protocol is best for the application of smart home or home automation.
Human-robot interaction is an emerging field in robotics research. Successful completion of the assigned tasks requires effective communication between humans and robots. The paper proposes a ...platform where humans can easily interact with autonomous mobile robots in any given environment. The system has a web user interface for accessing the mobile robot. The proposed system aims to make the interface intuitive by breaking the complex part of the process into easy-to-understand components. The intuitiveness of the system makes it accessible to all age groups, thereby helping them operate the robot using any web-based modular device.
As the pan-government computational resources integrated building project of Korea in 2010, computational resources integrated building and use plan for 139 systems of 34 government departments using ...Cloud Computing are under way. Therefore, in this paper, we design Mobile Cloud Computing e-Gov using central government Cloud cluster by using WebSockets API newly added to HTML5. We build UCS performing Mobile Cloud Computing service directly and communicate Full Duplex with each organization WAS in Mobile Web of UCS directly. As a result, the model presented in this paper enables data push from the server of true meaning that was not fully realized in HTTP until now and materalizes interactive communiation in which real time performance of Web Application improves greatly.
Advanced parallel computing solutions using GPU for general purpose processing are becoming more and more popular. Applications like CFD or weather modeling take an extensive speed up using GPU-based ...clusters. Still, original purpose of graphic processing units – visualization, is not exploited as much as it could be in such powerful processing centres. Main reason of that situation is their fundamental difference from classic desktop configurations: being a structure remote and hidden from the actual viewer. Already existing GPU-based architectures consisting of many processing units may be used for visualization of complex issues from many points of view and in resolutions that are not accessible for single GPUs in real-time. Visualization is a very efficient way of collaboration, especially when collaborators can interact with presented content in a natural way, for example using multi-touch devices. Vitrall embraces these methods by introducing possibility of linkage between modern interfaces and complex visualizations. This paper will begin with summary of several researches that where conducted to establish actual concept of the Vitrall system. Next, proposed architecture of Vitrall will be introduced, following main and secondary usage scenarios. Finally, some of Vitrall’s specific configurations will be shown, like real-time stereoscopic visualization.
Since its beginnings, web pages have been based on files. This means that HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are transferred from server to client as files, which by default need to be fully loaded before the ...web page is displayed. This render-blocking procedure increases loading times significantly, leading to reduced user satisfaction and revenue loss due to lower conversion rates. We present a full implementation of a new approach for loading web pages by splitting up every component and loading the page via a text-based stream. Such a modification aligns with current trends of the HTTP protocol, which has been using streams internally since HTTP/2. It significantly improves loading times, independent of the total page size.
