The Vranyczany-Dobrinović family (short: Vranyczany) is an aristocratic family that rose to power in Croatia in the second half of the 19th century. Members of the family possessed five manor houses ...surrounded by gardens with historicist features from the late 19th and early 20th century. All five are located in the hilly region of Hrvatsko Zagorje, which boasts the highest density of castles and manor houses in Croatia, built in continuity from the 17th until the beginning of the 20th century. The aim is to determine the features of the gardens of the explored castles, on the basis of photographs from the beginning of the 20th century as well as cartographic sources. A wealth of photographic documents from the beginning of the 20th century shows carefully landscaped and kept gardens and parks, with a full life flourishing in them. Vranyczany’s manor houses’ gardens are based on the Biedermeier and romantic tradition of garden culture. Towards the end of the 19th century, many gardeners trained in Vienna, Prague and other Central European cities, lived in Zagreb and the surrounding area. They passed down ideas related to the historicist garden culture and competed in artistic and horticultural gardening.
Hectometric blocks of Middle Triassic mafic pyroclastic rocks, represented by volcanic agglomerates/breccias and lapilli tuffs, form part of the ophiolitic mélange of Mt. Medvednica, situated in the ...southwestern segment of the Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian Zone. These rocks share petrochemical characteristics with pyroclastic derivatives of alkali, within-plate basaltic lavas of Mts. Medvednica, Samoborska Gora, and Kalnik, indicating the occurrence of explosive events preceding the dominant effusive submarine volcanism during the Middle Triassic (Illyrian-Fassanian?) stages. The formation of these pre-ophiolitic pyroclastics is associated with an intracontinental rift setting and reflects melts derived from an OIB-type enriched mantle plume source. These pyroclastics represent uncontaminated melts that erupted through a highly thinned continental crust. In geodynamic terms, the formation of pyroclastites occurred during the Late Anisian-Early Ladinian along the continental margin of Palaeotethys through the proto back-arc rifting of continental lithosphere (Adria Plate), leading to the formation of the Maliak/Balkan Neotethys Rift, in the emerging northwestern segment of Neotethys. The investigated pyroclastic rocks of Mt. Medvednica document the extension in an evolved intracontinental rift basin, which immediately preceded the generation of the initial Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere during the Upper Triassic.
U ovom radu autor po prvi put obrađuje i donosi podatke o broju poginulih pripadnika Poglavnikova tjelesnog zdruga, i to onih rođenih na području Velike župe Zagorje (njih 96) kao i onih poginulih na ...području iste velike župe (njih 270). S obzirom na to da je kao glavni historiografski izvor za ovu temu korištena „Matica umrlih ustaša“, napravljena je opširna analiza te su obrađeni podatci (koji su prikazani i grafikonima): broj poginulih, mjesta rođenja poginulih, vrijeme pogibije, dob, razlog smrti, mjesto smrti i mjesto ukopa. Dio podataka uspoređen je i s drugim arhivskim izvorima kako bi se postigao cilj, a to je dokaz vjerodostojnosti i njezina važnost za daljnja proučavanja djelovanja PTS-a. U prilozima radu su i dvije tablice naslova: Pripadnici PTS-a rođeni na području Velike župe Zagorje – upisani u maticu umrlih i Pripadnici PTS-a poginuli ili umrli na području Velike župe Zagorje – upisani u maticu umrlih.
Autori ponajprije upozoravaju na globalne i lokalne štete od katastrofalnih klimatskih promjena, s posebnim osvrtom na ekstremno suha razdoblja bez dovoljno oborina – sušu u Hrvatskoj. U cilju ...popularizacije nacionalnog projekta natapanja (NAPNAV), slijede podaci o pedološkim i hidropedološkim uvjetima i potrebama vode za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura u Hrvatskom zagorju. Proračuni potrebe vode za uzgoj odabranih poljoprivrednih kulture su obavljeni po modelima funkcioniranja sustava biljka-klima i sustava tlo-biljka-klima. U modelu sustava biljka-klima, komponente su referentna evapotranspiracija (ETo), evapotranspiracija kulture (ETk) i koeficijent kultura (kc). U modelu sustava tlo-biljka-klima, komponente su referentna evaopotranspiracija (ETo), evapotranspiracija kulture (ETk), efektivne oborine 75 %-tne vjerojatnosti pojava, dubina i vodne konstante tla. Na kraju su preporuke za identifikaciju projekata i preliminarno planiranje sustava natapanja, te opća načela gospodarenja izgrađenim sustavima za natapanje.
The authors primarily warn of global and local damages from catastrophic climate change, with special reference to extremely dry periods without sufficient precipitation - the drought in Croatia. In order to popularize the national irrigation project (NAPNAV), the following are data on pedological and hydropedological conditions and water requirement for growing agricultural crops in Hrvatsko zagorje. Calculations of the water requirement for the cultivation of selected agricultural crops were carried out according to the models of the functioning of the plant-climate system, and soil-plant-climte system. In the model of plant-climate system, the components are reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop evapotranspiration (ETk) and crop coefficient (kc). In the model of soil-plant-climate system the components are reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop evapotranspiration (ETk), effective precipitations with a 75% probability of occurrence, depth and soil water constant. At the end, there are recommendations for project identification and preliminary planning of irrigation systems, as well as general principles of management of constructed irrigation systems.
This paper examines the centuries-long history of the castle Kamenica, situated above the identically named settlement in the Croatian Zagorje region, not far from Lepoglava. It was first mentioned ...in writing in 1311. It was built in the second half of the 13th century at the latest, by an unknown Zagorje noble, as a fortified residence and centre of the identically named estate. Between 1399 and 1405, Kamenica became the property of Herman II of Celje, whose descendants held it until 1456. Although no source directly mentions the fall of Kamenica, it likely happened during the war for the Celje succession, and the castle was first mentioned as a ruin in 1459, when King Matthias Corvinus donated it to John Vitovac. During the time it was under the Vitovacs (1459–88), Kamenica was permanently abandoned, and its holdings were combined with the neighbouring Trakošćan estate into the joint Trakošćan-Kamenica estate, which was formally seated in Trakošćan, but factually in the fortified manor Klenovnik. The existing, meagre architectural elements suggest Kamenica was a small castle
(castrum)
dating from the second half of the 13th century. It consisted of a trapezoidal core at the top of a steep, conical eminence, formed of a walled, fortified house with a smallish courtyard protected by a wooden palisade, and a fortified, circular suburb, raised around the core with a combination of wooden palisades and earthen ramparts.
U radu se razmatra višestoljetna povijest tvrdoga grada Kamenice iznad istoimenoga naselja u Hrvatskom zagorju nedaleko od Lepoglave. U dokumentima se prvi put spominje 1311. Nju je najkasnije tijekom druge polovice XIII. st. izgradio nepoznati zagorski plemić kao utvrđenu rezidenciju i sjedište istoimenoga posjeda. Između 1399. i 1405. Kamenica je prešla u posjed Hermana II. Celjskog, čiji su potomci njome gospodarili sve do 1456. Iako nam vrela izravno ne svjedoče o propasti Kamenice, ona je vrlo vjerojatno stradala u ratu za celjsku baštinu prije 1459., kada se prvi put spominje kao srušena utvrda. Tada ju je kao ruševinu kralj Matija Korvin darovao Janu Vitovcu. Za vladavine Vitovaca (1459–88) Kamenica je zauvijek napuštena, a njezini posjedi sjedinjeni su sa susjednim trakošćanskim posjedima u jedinstveno Trakošćansko-kameničko vlastelinstvo s formalnim sjedištem u Trakošćanu, a stvarnim u utvrđenom dvorcu Klenovniku. Postojeći skromni arhitektonski elementi prikazuju nam Kamenicu kao manji tvrdi grad (castrum) iz druge polovice XIII. st. Sastojao se od jezgre trapezoidnoga tlocrta na vrhu strma stožastoga uzvišenja, koju je činio zidani utvrđeni palas s manjim dvorištem, utvrđenim drvenim bedemom (palisadom), te utvrđenog predgrađa kružnoga tlocrta, podignutoga oko jezgre kombinacijom drvenih bedema (palisada) i zemljanih nasipa.
The metamorphic conditions and evolution of the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic metamorphic complex of Medvednica Mountain (Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone, Croatia) are still a matter of debate. The results of ...the investigation of five samples of metapelitic schists with the mineral association of quartz, white mica and chlorite are presented. The studied schists are part of the continental margin of Adria and were metamorphosed under upper greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. The focus of this study is a sample representing the highest metamorphic grade that additionally contains chloritoid blasts. Pressure-temperature pseudosection modelling together with classical geothermobarometric calculations yielded peak metamorphic conditions of 0.94 ± 0.05 GPa and 550 ± 20 °C for chloritoid schist. Monazite in-situ U-Th-total Pb electron microprobe dating indicates two metamorphic events at 167 ± 2 Ma and 143 ± 2 Ma, which are interpreted as the time of monazite growth during two distinct metamorphic phases. The formation of the chloritoid paragenesis is related to the older event (around 167 Ma) and linked with the Middle Jurassic subduction-accretion processes of Neotethys-derived ophiolitic lithologies. The younger metamorphic event (around 143 Ma) is related to the obduction of ophiolites onto the continental margin of Adria.
Romsko stanovništvo prisutno je na području Hrvatskog zagorja vjerojatno od druge polovice XIV. st. Odnos vlasti i stanovništva prema Romima ovdje je bio sličan kao i na drugim hrvatskim područjima, ...što je nerijetko značio politiku represivne asimilacije. Takva politika prema Romima posebno je bila izražena za vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata kada su ih ustaške vlasti progonile. U ljeto 1941. bio je proveden popis Roma u Hrvatskom zagorju, kao i u drugim dijelovima NDH, a prikupljeni podaci pomogli su ustaškim vlastima u provođenju sustavne deportacije Roma iz Hrvatskog zagorja u jasenovački koncentracijski logor, gdje je većina njih mučena i ubijena.
The Roma population has probably been present in the area of Hrvatsko Zagorje since the second half of the 14th Century. The attitude of the authorities and the population in this area towards the Roma was similar to that in other Croatian areas, which often meant a policy of repressive assimilation. Such a repressive policy towards the Roma was especially visible during the Second World War when they were persecuted by the Ustasha authorities. In the summer of 1941, a census of Roma in Hrvatsko zagorje was conducted, as well as in other parts of the Independent State of Croatia, by which the Ustasha authorities obtained data on their demographic and socio-economic structure. In May 1942, the Ustasha authorities ordered systematic deportation of Roma to the Jasenovac concentration camp, including Roma from the area of Hrvatsko zagorje. The consequence of such a policy is that the Roma community in Hrvatsko zagorje had been almost completely destroyed by the Ustasha authorities.
Background and Purpose: Pollen grains can come as “ invisible” traces during forensic palynological expertise. As forensic palynology is not carried out in Croatia at all, the main aims of our work ...were to establish an initial palynological collection for a limited area in Croatia and determine its forensic potential.
Materials and Methods: For our case study, we chose a typical town from continental Croatia, Donja Stubica, in which there had been no previous floristic studies. The field survey was conducted during 2005, 2007, and 2021. Floristic and palynological analysis was carried out with an emphasis on the forensic potential of pollen grains.
Results: A total of 141 representative plant taxa with pollen samples were collected. The taxonomic analysis showed that the area for the case study was chosen well. Palynological analysis showed that the highest number of taxa had pollen grains that were spheroidal in shape (60%), medium sized (70%), and colporate (41%). The pollen of the majority of taxa had excellent or very important forensic potential, due to their dispersal by insects (60%), a combination of two dispersal methods (23%), and autogamy (1%). In addition, due to the limited distribution of certain rare plants (e.g., Iris sibirica subsp. sibirica in Croatia), their pollen has an even greater forensic potential than the similar pollen of related, more widespread taxa.
Conclusion: The generated palynological collection, due to the great forensic potential, could be used in the future as a comparative, and at least partly as a reference forensic collection, applicable in specific cases of legal pollen expertise in Croatia.
The Middle Triassic volcano-sedimentary successions deposited on the passive continental margin during a period of intense extensional tectonics related to the opening of the Neotethys Ocean were ...investigated in NW Croatia. A new palaeogeographic term, the Northwestern Croatian Triassic Rift Basin (NCTRB), is introduced for these successions. Pelagic sediments were deposited on top of older shallow-marine carbonates from the early Illyrian to possibly late Ladinian. Pelagic limestones containing Illyrian ammonites and redeposited benthic foraminifers of the same age indicate the existence of a contemporaneous shallow-marine carbonate environment that supplied material to the deeper parts of the basin. Stratigraphically stacked volcanic and volcanogenic rocks are intercalated with pelagic sedimentary rocks. Submarine basaltic rocks, geochemically characterized as trachy-basalts, are related to deep-rooted faults. Trachy-basaltic hyaloclastites, found intercalated within pelagic limestones, were formed by the quenching of magma that came into contact with cold sea water and subsequent resedimentation of the newly formed basaltic fragments. The majority of volcanogenic deposits belong to the Pietra Verde deposits found higher in the sections. The material for these deposits was produced by explosive volcanic eruptions and deposited by gravitational mechanisms, including pyroclastic density currents. Radiolarians from intercalated radiolarian cherts indicate late Illyrian to early Fassanian age for volcanic activity, as well as episodic eruptions and deposition of pyroclastic material. The uppermost part of the NTCRB successions is characterized by secondary volcaniclastic deposits generated by the rapid reworking of unconsolidated pyroclastic detritus and is deposited as medium- to fine-grained turbidites, marking the gradual filling of the basin. Based on regional correlations, late Ladinian is the most likely age for these deposits, indicating a significant stratigraphic gap in the NTCRB successions.
Arheološki strokovni javnosti je Zagorje ob Savi znano že več kot stoletje, odkar so konec 19. stoletja naključno odkrili grobove iz starejše železne dobe. Leta 2011 so tod potekala zaščitna ...arheološka izkopavanja, ki so doprinesla k poznavanju najdišča in pokazala na njegov pomen. Odkritih je bilo 9 skeletnih grobov, od katerih sta bila dva otroška, dva ženska in pet moških. Izstopata grob z bronasto pasno garnituro ter grob z dobro ohranjenim ženskim okostjem in pridanimi jantarnimi jagodami, bronastim lasnim obročkom, kačasto fibulo ter lončkom. Odkrite so bile še druge najdbe, ki kažejo, da je na istem prostoru v pozni bronasti oziroma zgodnji železni dobi obstajala naselbina.
Najdbi fibule in sulice, odkriti nad Savo pri Litiji, dodatno osvetljujeta fenomen planega skeletnega pokopa, ki se je ob koncu halštatskega obdobja uveljavil v Zasavju.
PDF
