Čeprav je identifikacijski sistem za zemljišča v Sloveniji star šele nekaj let, je doživel že kar nekaj pomembnih sprememb. Sprva so bili uporabljeni atributni podatki zemljiškega katastra, nato kot ...grafična podlaga podatki zemljiškokatastrskega prikaza, vendar takšna rešitev ni ustrezala visokim zahtevam po kakovosti prostorskih podatkov. Treba je bilo začeti znova in na podlagi državnih ortofoto načrtov so bila ponovno zajeta vsa kmetijska zemljišča posameznih kmetijskih gospodarstev. Do danes je sistem, ki ga v Sloveniji predstavljajo grafične enote rabe kmetijskih zemljišč, ali krajše GERK, prerasel v sistem, ki se navezuje na ali informativno uporablja obsežno zbirko prostorskih podatkov in vključuje registre trajnih nasadov. Ti prostorski podatki se uporabljajo za zagotavljanje zahtevane kakovosti v postopkih vzdrževanja in rednih postopkih administrativnih kontrol v okviru kmetijske politike. Del podatkov je vsako leto preverjen na kraju samem. Proaktivno zagotavljanje kakovosti in stalna kontrola sta najpomembnejši nalogi. Cilj je učinkovitejši sistem in torej zmanjšano tveganje pri dodeljevanju javnih sredstev upravičencem pomoči v kmetijstvu. Še dodaten korak naprej je naredila Španija, kjer je sodelovanje med zemljiškim katastrom in SIGPAC v duhu direktive INSPIRE primer dobre prakse, ki bi lahko postala model tudi za druge države članice ; Although the land parcel identification system in Slovenia was established only few years ago, it has already had been changed many times. At first, an alphanumeric land cadastre data was used, then (as a graphical basis) a digital cadastral index map was introduced; however, such solutions did not meet the high quality requirements of spatial data. It had to be started again and all agricultural parcels of individual agricultural holdings were defined on the basis of digitised orthophotos. At present, the system that is represented with graphical units of agricultural parcels (GERK) has grown into a system related to or using a broad collection of spatial data, including registers of permanent crops. This spatial data is used for the assurance of the required quality in procedures of maintenance and in regular procedures of administrative controls in the framework of agricultural policy. Every year, a part of the data is checked on the field. Proactive quality assurance and continuous control are the highest priority tasks. The objective is a more efficient system and a consequent reduction of risk in the distribution of public funds to the entitled farmers. Another step forward was made in Spain, where cooperation between land cadastre and SIGPAC in the frame of the INSPIRE directive is an example of good practise, which could become a model for the other Member States.
Cyber insecurity Harrison, Richard M; Herr, Trey
2016., 2016, 2016-10-18
eBook
Growing dependence on cyberspace for commerce, communication, governance, and military operations has left society vulnerable to a multitude of security threats. Mitigating the inherent risks ...associated with the use of cyberspace poses a series of thorny public policy problems. In this volume, academics, practitioners from both private sector and government, along with former service members come together to highlight sixteen of the most pressing contemporary challenges in cybersecurity, and to offer recommendations for the future. As internet connectivity continues to spread, this book will offer readers greater awareness of the threats of tomorrow—and serve to inform public debate into the next information age. Contributions by Adrienne Allen, Aaron Brantly, Lauren Boas Hayes, Jane Chong, Joshua Corman, Honorable Richard J. Danzig, Kat Dransfield, Ryan Ellis, Mailyn Fidler, Allan Friedman, Taylor Grossman, Richard M. Harrison, Trey Herr, Drew Herrick, Jonah F. Hill, Robert M. Lee, Herbert S. Lin, Anastasia Mark, Robert Morgus, Paul Ohm, Eric Ormes, Jason Rivera, Sasha Romanosky, Paul Rosenzweig, Matthew Russell, Nathaniel Tisa, Abraham Wagner, Rand Waltzman, David Weinstein, Heather West, and Beau Woods.
The introduction of ETRS89 in Austria is done in two steps: on the one hand homogeneous ETRS89 coordinates can be determined by using APOS – the Austrian Positioning Service. On the other hand the ...existing inhomogeneous coordinates of the control points are transformed by means of measurements and calculations. The current state of the work is given in the paper.
