The composition of the human gut microbiota, which can also be regulated by the consumption of probiotics, has a significant impact on host health. The main source of probiotics can be foods such as ...fermented foods, yogurts, fermented drinks and/or probiotic supplements. While parents play a critical role in ensuring the well-being of their children, this cross-sectional study is focused on parents' perspectives regarding the use of probiotics in the preschool period.
The self-administered online survey consisted of 24 questions arranged across two thematic sections. The final data analysis included 102 parents (96% F; 4% M), aged between 22 and 47. Their children were aged up to 6 years.
The majority (52%) of the parents were familiar with the term 'probiotics' and 86.3% were including probiotics in their children's diet at the time of the survey. The main source was probiotic food (36.3%), of which yoghurt was the most commonly consumed (87.2%). The inclusion of probiotic supplements in a child's diet was positively correlated with parents' consumption and level of knowledge about the term 'probiotics'. Digestive tract-related disorders were the most frequently reported motive for the initial introduction of probiotics into children's diet.
Based on our study results, parents are familiar with probiotics and include them in their children's diet. However, an attempt should be made to close the gaps in parents' knowledge that our research identified. Further studies are needed to determine the recommended amount of probiotic foods, as well as strategies to educate parents about the benefits of including probiotic foods in their children's diet.
Binge eating is the most common form of disordered eating associated with obesity, reduced quality of life, and medical and psychological comorbidities. It therefore affects the well-being of ...individuals. This underscores the fact that it is a serious public health problem. The study aimed to investigate binge eating and anxiety across gender, age and body mass index in a large population sample of adults in Slovenia.
A total of 3,310 adult volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires, including a binge eating and anxiety scale and an eating behaviour questionnaire, were completed by 1,487 subjects (90.9% female, ages 18 to 69).
The frequency of reported binge eating was 29.9%, with 9.8% of participants reporting severe binge eating, and the presence of overweight and obesity was high (41.8%). BMI was associated with this problematic eating, and explained 5.4% of the variation in binge eating. Importantly, anxiety was the most important factor related to binge eating, with younger participants and women reporting significantly more anxiety.
The high presence of binge eating, obesity and anxiety in the Slovenian population-based sample is worrying. Anxiety is clearly an important factor in understanding the relationship between negative affect and binge eating, as it accounts for a greater proportion of the variance in binge eating symptoms than BMI. Particularly concerning was the fact that the youngest participants showed the greatest anxiety. Targeting anxious adolescents and females is important from a health perspective because it can impact the physical and mental health of the population in the long term.
For decades, research has been highlighting the positive impact of physical activity on health. Despite the immense efforts made by many professional and scientific organizations to raise individual ...and societal awareness about the role of a sufficient quantity and intensity of physical activity in everyday life and to increase the level of adherence, the situation is still very worrying. Even more worrying is the fact that increasingly prolonged periods of physical inactivity are insidiously and aggressively taking over modern people’s lives – at school, at work, at home, even at leisure. It is probably incomprehensible and difficult for many to accept, but physical inactivity is becoming the first and worst enemy of health in today’s society.
In 2016, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report indicating that rates of suicides for farmers were 84.5 per 100,000, four times higher than the general population and ...higher than other high-risk groups, such as military veterans. Five months later, it was retracted due to a classification error. However, the report had already made national and global news, sparking a sense of urgency among policy makers, the media, and farm groups. Despite evidence that occupational stress in agriculture stems from structural sources, such as volatile economic conditions resulting from trade instability and unstable commodity prices, solutions to the problem of suicide among farmers tend to emphasize individualized actions, such as seeking counseling and mental health support. This paper examines recent media and policy initiatives as well as interactions among farm support agencies. We argue that despite evidence of structural challenges, the solutions proposed typically require individualized action by farmers. This response is consistent with agrarian ideologies that portray farmers as uniquely independent actors and absolves policy makers, lenders, and agribusinesses of culpability in promoting an agricultural industry that is responsible for high levels of occupational stress among its most critical participants.
Abstract Aim To analyse if body mass index (BMI) could be used as a fast proxy indicator of poor oral hygiene habits (POHH) among the adult population with diabetes mellitus. Methods Adults, aged ...25-74, from the Slovenian 2016 nationwide cross-sectional survey based on the Countrywide Integrated Non-Communicable Disease Intervention (CINDI) Health Monitor methodology, who reported being diabetic, were included in the study (n=560). We assessed the relationship between POHH and BMI, adjusted to confounders, using multiple binary logistic regression. Results In the total sample, the POHH prevalence was 50.9%. Taking into account BMI, POHH prevalence in participants with normal BMI values was only 37.8%, in the overweight group it was 1.22-times higher (46.0%), while in the obese group it was 1.63-times higher (61.6%) (p<0.001). Also, the odds for POHH were 2.64-times higher in the obese group in comparison to the normal BMI group (95% CI: 1.55-4.51; p<0.001). After adjustment for confounders, this OR decreased only moderately (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.35-4.44; p=0.003). Conclusions BMI could be used as a readily assessable, fast, simple, and cheap tool indicating higher odds for having POHH among the diabetic population. By defining the high-risk group it could be easier for physicians and dentists to take further referrals and actions for promoting oral health in this group. The suggested tool can save time and could have an important positive impact on the quality of life of diabetics, as well as on health expenditures.
Studies have shown the importance of self-efficacy in the domain of risky sexual behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine the association of unwanted sexual intercourse among secondary-school ...students with socio-demographic factors and perceived self-efficacy, and to assess the effectiveness of the programme on reproductive health.
The study involved 5,026 second-grade students in 72 high schools in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia (APV). They were surveyed before and after the implementation of the extracurricular 'Reproductive health education programme for secondary-school students in APV'. A questionnaire consisting of 57 questions (socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of students regarding reproductive health, and a general self-efficacy scale) was used as the research instrument.
One quarter of students had engaged in unwanted sexual intercourse on one or more occasions. Students with poor material status were twice as likely to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse (ОR=2.01; 95%CI=1.07-3.75) as students with average or good material status. Students who did not engage in unwanted sexual intercourse had a higher self-efficacy score than students who who did (t=2.903; p<0.01). After the programme was completed, there was an increase in general self-efficacy.
Poor material status is a predictor of unwanted sexual intercourse. Students who have a higher level of self-efficacy engaged to a lesser degree in unwanted sexual intercourse. The programme is effective in terms of increasing general self-efficacy, and can be applied to encourage responsible sexual behaviour.
Uvod: V operativni dejavnosti heterogena skupina strokovnjakov z različnimi osebnostmi in vrednostnimi sistemi, značilnimi za vsako profesijo, deli odgovornost do enega pacienta, kar lahko sproži ...napetost v odnosih in se stopnjuje v nasilje. Namen raziskave je bil prikazati razširjenost tega fenomena ter opredeliti z njim povezane dejavnike in posledice. Metode: Izvedena je bila sistematična iskalna strategija v bazah podatkov CINAHL, Medline, Academic Search Elite, ProQuest in COBIB.SI z datumom objave od januarja 2008 do vključno decembra 2017. Uporabljeni so bili iskalni pojmi v angleščini aggressive behavior, disruptive behavior, operating room, perioperative, violence, verbal abuse, bullying, surgeon in v slovenščini zdravstvena nega, nasilje. Podanih je bilo 735 zadetkov, glede na naslov in izvleček smo za ustrezne določili 68 virov, po vsebinskem pregledu smo jih izločili še 47. Rezultati: Zaključki pregleda literature so temeljili na 22 referencah. Oblikovanih je bilo 6 kategorij: (1) povzročitelji in nivoji nasilja, (2) vrste (tipi) nasilja, (3) neposredni vzroki za pojav nasilja v operacijski dvorani, (4) dejavniki, povezani s pojavom in prepoznavnostjo nasilja, (5) posledice nasilja ter (6) individualni in sistemski organizacijski ukrepi za obvladovanje posledic nasilja. Diskusija in zaključek: Najpogostejši izvajalci nasilja v operativni dejavnosti so kirurgi in zaposleni v operacijski zdravstveni negi, najpogostejši vzroki pa hierarhija, nepredvidljive situacije, kadrovski in materialni deficit, medosebni odnosi, delovna obremenitev, organizacijska kultura. Izkazuje se potreba po tovrstni reprezentativni raziskavi v Sloveniji.
Uvod: Za uspešno, samozavestno in učinkovito spoprijemanje s spremenjenimi vlogami in zagotavljanje ustrezne pomoči prizadetim morajo biti tudi medicinske sestre v času izrednih razmer ustrezno ...usposobljene in pripravljene. Namen raziskave je bil prevesti in prilagoditi merski instrument Lestvica profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah (LPKMS-IR) ter oceniti njegove psihometrične lastnosti.Metode: Uporabljen je bil kvantitativni metodološki raziskovalni dizajn. Lestvica je bila testirana na priložnostnem vzorcu 118 medicinskih sester. V trifaznem procesu prilagoditve in validacije se je poleg vsebinske skladnosti preverjalo notranjo konsistentnost, stabilnost in povezanost spremenljivk ter faktorsko strukturo.Rezultati: Faktorska analiza je podala model s tremi faktorji, pri čemer prvi faktor Temeljne kompetence medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah pojasni 36,53 % celotne variance. Rezultati kažejo tudi zelo visoko povezanost med faktorji (p < 0,001) in stopnjo zanesljivosti pri celotni lestvici LPKMS-IR (Cronbach α = 0,937).Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo, da je slovenska različica lestvice LPKMS-IR veljaven in zanesljiv merski instrument. Ob pomanjkanju ustreznih merskih instrumentov omogoča identifikacijo kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah ter nekatere okoliščine njihovih vlog. Ugotovitve nakazujejo tudi potrebo po nekaterih spremembah izobraževanja za zdravstveno nego in ciljanem raziskovanju tistih skupin v zdravstveni negi, ki se po pričakovanjih pogosteje srečujejo z izrednimi situacijami.
To compare the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs among Slovenian and international dentists with the aim to validate the four oral health-related quality of life ...(OHRQoL) dimensions across six clinical dental fields in all World Health Organization (WHO) regions.
An anonymous electronic survey in the English language was designed using Qualtrics software. A probability sampling for Slovenia and a convenience sampling strategy for dentist recruitment was applied for 31 countries. Dentists engaged in six dental fields were asked to categorize their patients' oral health problems and prevention needs into the four OHRQoL dimensions (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact). Proportions of patients' problems and prevention needs were calculated together with the significance of Slovenian and international dentists' differences based on dental fields and WHO regions.
Dentists (n=1,580) from 32 countries completed the survey. There were 223 Slovenian dentists (females: 68%) with a mean age (SD) of 41 (10.6) years and 1,358 international dentists (females: 51%) with a mean age (SD) of 38 (10.4). Pain-related problems and prevention needs were the most prevalent among all six dental fields reported by dentists; Slovenian (37%) and 31 countries (45%). According to Cohen, differences between Slovenia, the broader European Region, and 31 countries were considered non-significant (<0.1).
According to the dentists' responses, the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs are proportionate between Slovenia and 31 countries, regionally and globally. The four OHRQoL dimensions can be considered universal across all dental fields.
The problems of oral health of people diagnosed with depression are not adequately recognized, either in developed or developing countries. Social stigma, lack of self-interest, or even inadequate ...approaches of dental doctors towards the unique situation of this group of people this lead to excessive oral health problems.
The bibliographic database PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Whiley online library were searched using the following text and MeSH as separate key terms and in combination: depression and oral health/dental caries/periodontal disease/tooth loss/utilization of oral health services/and barriers. The content of documents was analysed using qualitative methodology.
Twenty-six original studies were included in the review. Level/severity of depression, medication and medical comorbidity are the most important medical barriers influencing the oral health of people diagnosed with depression. Dental fear and anxiety are mostly combined with low oral hygiene and bad oral health. Socioeconomic status, dental insurance, bad habits and education also have important roles in the oral health status of people diagnosed with depression.
Including individuals with depression and oral health problems in national health programs, creating specific prevention programs, or subsidizing the cost of treatment are some of the recommendations suggested as solutions.
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