Preclinical evidence suggests that endogenous midkine could play a key modulatory role on the neurotoxic and addictive effects of different kinds of drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants. ...However, this hypothesis has not yet been explored in humans. As a first approach to progress in this knowledge, we have comparatively studied plasma midkine levels in 75 patients with cocaine use disorder under abstinence and 26 control subjects matched for sex, age and body mass index. Patients were further segmented into early-abstinent (up to one month of abstinence, n = 30) and late-abstinent (more than one month of abstinence, n = 45). Midkine levels were quantified in plasma samples of all the participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Early-abstinent patients exhibited a 60% increase of midkine plasma concentration in comparison with the controls. This elevation tended to normalize upon the progression of abstinence. The results obtained demonstrate that peripheral midkine levels are closely related to cocaine use and are consistent with the idea that this cytokine could play a protective role by limiting the biological activity of psychostimulants.
Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o perfil de mortalidade por causas externas entre Adventistas do Sétimo Dia e população geral do Espírito Santo no período de 2003 a 2009. Realizou-se ...busca dos Adventistas no banco nominal do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade de posse das informações dos Adventistas fornecidas pelas sedes administrativas da instituição. Os óbitos por causas externas ocorridos no período estudado foram então separados em dois grupos: Adventistas e população geral. Os Adventistas apresentaram menor mortalidade proporcional por causas externas (10%) que a população geral (19%), sendo o sexo masculino o principal responsável por essa diferença. Em ambos os grupos os óbitos predominaram na faixa de 20 a 29 anos. As mortes por causas acidentais foram mais expressivas entre os Adventistas (68,08%) enquanto as mortes por causas intencionais relacionadas às agressões e lesões autoprovocadas foram mais significativas na população geral (53,67% de todas as mortes). A razão de mortalidade padronizada para as causas externas foi 41,3, sendo assim ser Adventista reduziu a mortalidade em 58,7%. Acredita-se que o benefício dos Adventistas verificado em relação à mortalidade por causas externas possa estar relacionado à recomendação de abstinência do consumo de álcool por esse grupo.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar os dados de abstenção eleitoral referentes às eleições municipais de 2020, contrastando-os com as informações regionais e nacionais referentes à pandemia ...da COVID-19, visando analisar o potencial de impacto das taxas de contaminação sobre os índices locais de abstenção. A partir de referenciais teóricos como Smets e van Ham (2013), Power e Roberts (1995), Zeitoun et al (2020) e Santana, Rama e Bértoa (2020), tais dados são tratados tanto a nível nacional quanto a nível municipal e estadual de forma a construir modelos que auxiliem a verificação da hipótese de possível relação direta entre abstenção eleitoral e índices locais da pandemia.
•Non-smoking, non-drinking elderly females are a distinct subgroup of oral SCC patients.•Disease specific survival is up to 30% lower than all other oral SCC patients (P < 0.001)•Disease specific ...survival is up to 25% lower than age matched controls (P = 0.006)•NSND patients have higher rates of recurrent and persistent disease (42.9% vs 27.6%, p = 0.005)
Objectives
To examine differences in survival and clinical outcomes of elderly patients without traditional risk factors presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials & methods
Retrospective review of 287 consecutive patients divided into 2 treatment period cohorts treated for oral SCC between the 1st Jan 2007 and 31st Dec 2012. Patients were classified as either smoker-drinkers (SD) or non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND). Only patients with oral sub-site primaries according to ICD-10 were included. Carcinomas of the lip, tonsil, base of tongue and oro-pharyngeal subsites were excluded.Results
Of the study population (N = 287), 24.4% were NSND and 9.75% were NSND elderly (older than 70 years) females. >50% of tumours arose from the oral tongue in NSND patients (p = 0.022) and there was a higher rate of recurrent and persistent disease (42.9% vs 27.6%, p = 0.005). Disease specific survival at 5 years was significantly reduced when NSND elderly females were compared to all other patients (p < 0.001) as well as age matched controls (p = 0.006). This effect was verified independently in each cohort.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that NSND elderly females are a distinct patient population with poorer disease specific survival outcomes.
Background: Currently in developed countries
there is an increase in the consumption of roll
your own tobacco, which is associated with a higher
proportion of users of this form of tobacco who
wish ...to make an attempt to quit. The objective of
this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tobacco
cessation interventions based on the type of
tobacco consumed.
Methods: Longitudinal study of a cohort of
641 smokers recruited between 2015 and 2018 in
a health area of Galicia included in smoking cessation
programs, based on psychological counseling
and pharmacological treatment. The characteristics
and success of the intervention were evaluated in
two groups: roll your own tobacco smokers (RYO)
and manufactured tobacco smokers (MT). A logistic
regression was performed to determine the
probability of success in smoking cessation. The
risk measure was the odds ratio (OR) with its 95%
confidence interval.
Results: RYO users started at a younger age and
had a lower sociocultural stratum than MT users.
Interventions to quit smoking in RYO users were associated
with less abstinence at 4 weeks (52% MT vs
38% LT) (OR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.35-0.99; p=0.045;) and
at 3 months (42% TM vs 30% TL) (OR:0.6; 95% CI
0.33-0.98; p=0.04).
Conclusions: Smoking cessation programs are
less effective in short-term RYO users. There are no
differences in long-term abstinence between the two
groups.
Fundamentos: Actualmente en los países desarrollados
existe un aumento del consumo de tabaco
de liar lo que se asocia a una mayor proporción de
usuarios de esta forma de tabaco que desean realizar
un intento de abandono. El objetivo de este estudio
fue analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones
de cesación tabáquica en función del tipo de tabaco
consumido.
Métodos: Estudio longitudinal de una cohorte
de 641 fumadores reclutados entre 2015 y 2018 en
un área sanitaria de Galicia incluidos en programas
de deshabituación tabáquica, basados en el asesoramiento
psicológico y en el tratamiento farmacológico.
Se evaluaron las características y el éxito de
la intervención en dos grupos: fumadores de tabaco
de liar (TL) y fumadores de tabaco manufacturado
(TM). Se realizó una regresión logística para determinar
la probabilidad de éxito en la cesación tabáquica.
La medida de riesgo fue el odds ratio (OR)
con su intervalo de confianza al 95%.
Resultados: Los consumidores de TL se iniciaron
a una edad más temprana y tenían un estrato
sociocultural más bajo que los consumidores de
TM. Las intervenciones para abandonar el tabaco
en los consumidores de TL se asociaron a una menor
abstinencia a las 4 semanas (52%TM vs 38%
TL) (OR: 0,5; 95%IC 0,35-0,99; p=0,045;) y a los 3
meses (42%TM vs 30%TL) (OR:0,6; 95%IC 0,33-
0,98; p=0,04).
Conclusiones: Los programas de cesación tabáquica
son menos efectivas en los consumidores de
TL a corto plazo. No se observan diferencias en la
abstinencia a largo plazo entre ambos grupos.
The energy of good (love, mercy, chastity, innocence, prayer, morality, etc.) in a society moves from a potential state to the threshold of its actuality on a scale of measurable variation. When such ...a 'movement' from bottom to top reaches a certain level of intensity, the measurable effect is the emergence of a dense spiritual space.Its scaling is measurable through specified effects such as the decrease in the number of crimes, acts of injustice, unfairness, social and political propensity to wars, anarchy etc.Weber explained the emergence of the modern capitalist order by such a dense spiritual space confirmed by the new (ascetic) vitalismas its measurable item (he correlated technological inventiveness in the European space with protestant ethics and concluded thatthe rising of anew order is endowed to this new spiritual vitalism, which induced an unmistakable noologic density). Durkheim underlined the efficiency of the religious factor, highlighted by the belonging to the three Christian confessions, as a factor of protection of the European family against the risk of suicide. Therefore, in the world, there are dense spiritual spaces and diffluent spaces, with low spiritual density (low noologic power). Historical periods are differentiated themselves according to the same criterion, which enables us to delineate cultural epochs. The period at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century is marked by a growth of the noologic density in Europe from the North towards South, a growth which is attested by the emergence of a new stylistic configuration entitled the "1900 style"or Secession. The present study insists on the theories which compete to explain the emergence of spiritual dense spaces and revisits my own theory as it was used in my books, Noology (2000) and Noopolitics (2005), to explain the great crises of the European spirit during the two millennia after Christ.
This paper aimed to compare the profile of mortality from external causes among Seventh-day Adventists and the general population of Espírito Santo from 2003 to 2009. A search of Adventists was ...performed in the nominal database of the Mortality Information System containing data on Adventists provided by the administrative offices of the institution. Deaths from external causes occurred during the study period were then divided into two groups: Adventists and the general population. Adventists had lower proportional mortality from external causes (10%) than the general population (19%), and males were the main reason for this difference. In both groups, deaths prevailed in the 20-29 years age group. Deaths from accidental causes were most significant among Adventists (68.08%), while deaths from intentional causes related to assault and self-inflicted injuries were more significant in the general population (53.67% of all deaths). The standardized mortality ratio for external causes was 41.3, thus, being Adventist reduced mortality by 58.7%. It is believed that the benefit of Adventists observed for mortality from external causes is related to this group’s abstinence from alcohol consumption.
Totalavhold og skadereduksjon Olsen, Hilgunn
Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift,
12/2019, Letnik:
3, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Formålet med denne artikkelen er å analysere myndighetenes forsøk på å tvinge sosialfaglige behandlingskollektiver til å implementere medisinske løsninger. Behandling av rusavhengige har historisk ...handlet om totalavhold, men fra 1980-tallet ble skadereduserende tiltak integrert i narkotikapolitikken. Å tilby rusavhengige medikamenter gjennom Legemiddelassistert Rehabilitering (LAR) medførte motstand i behandlingsapparatet. I 2011 krevde helseforetaket for første gang at samtlige behandlingstilbud måtte inkludere LAR-pasienter, og behandlingskollektivene responderte ulikt. Anbudsfinansiering har medført en homogenisering av rusbehandling og en opplevelse av å måtte oppgi målsettingen om totalavhold i behandlingssektoren. Dette belyses gjennom en studie av fire behandlingskollektivers handlingsrom i en anbudsprosess. Data består av intervjuer med nøkkelpersonell ved behandlingskollektivene, anbudsdokumenter, samt skriftlig informasjon fra kollektivenes hjemmesider. Behandlingskollektivene sees som bakkebyråkratier, som kan utøve skjønn i forhandlingene med helseforetakene. De må avveie helseforetakets krav mot egen idelogi og hensyn til pasientens beste. Analysene viser at to av de fire behandlingskollektivene kan beskrives som LAR-vennlige, og de to andre har motsatt seg styring og beskrives som konservative. De konservative kollektivene benyttet muligheten for å forhandle i anbudsrunden, mens et av de LAR-vennlige kollektivene ikke oppfattet en slik forhandlingsmulighet og aksepterte LAR-pasienter mot sin vilje. Det teoretiske bidraget til denne artikkelen er en ukonvensjonell bruk av begrepene bakkebyråkratier og politisk fremmedgjøring, som her brukes på organisasjonsnivå.
Il contributo indaga il nesso tra la nozione di purezza e quella di verginità nella Grecia antica, del quale si sottolinea la assoluta asimmetria rispetto alla valenza assunta nella cultura moderna. ...La medicina greca sembra infatti ignorare la presenza della membrana virginalis nell'anatomia femminile, e dall'altro canto la sessualità non ha valore contaminante se non in ambito sacrale-religioso. Dopo avere quindi chiarito la nozione di verginità, in quanto condizione sociale e stato biologico, si indaga il senso della purezza attribuita alla fanciulla non sposata, anche attraverso l'analisi lessicale dell'aggettivazione di riferimento. Emerge una concezione del tutto scissa da scelte morali, ma che, accanto a preoccupazioni di ordine sociologico, non prescinde dalla dimensione sessuale.
El uso de teléfonos celulares ha aumentado exponencialmente en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Desde una perspectiva psicológica, se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para evaluar el nivel de ...dependencia hacia el uso del teléfono móvil, y el test TDMB es una de las más utilizadas. Objetivo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue realizar la adaptación y validación al contexto argentino del cuestionario TDMB y sus relaciones con la impulsividad. Método. Participaron del estudio 339 adultos residentes en Argentina, con edades entre los 18 y 65 años (M = 37.66; DT = 12.87), siendo el 74.3% mujeres. La batería de evaluación incluyó el TDMD, la UPPS-P para evaluar impulsividad y variables ad-hoc relacionadas con el uso del teléfono celular. Resultados. Se obtuvieron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la versión argentina del TDMB. Asimismo, se observaron relaciones entre todas las dimensiones del cuestionario y la impulsividad, como también diferencias según la edad y el sexo de los participantes. Se discuten los alcances y límites de la prueba, así como sus relaciones con la impulsividad y el uso cotidianodel teléfono móvil.
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