The paper presents the results of the research concerning chemical composition of acacia honey from the differents region. Analisys concerning the mineral content were made in 14-19 march 2008 in the ...molecular and atomical spectroscopy laboratoriy of the Faculty of Agro-Food Tehnology and Processing from USABMV Timisoara, through spectroscopy with atomic absorbability in flame with the spectrometer. Contr AA 300 with continous surce. There were anailzted 3 honey samples made in 2007 from Domasnea and Farliug (Caras-Severin) and Bala (Mehedinti). The ash contain in Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Co, Cr was determined.
Honey adulteration is one of the most prominent issues in food production. Herein, the alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy combined with 1H NMR profile were used to reveal the adulterants ...in acacia honey. Variation of electrical parameters such as solution resistance (Rs), double layer capacitance (CD), charge transfer resistance (RCT) and 1H NMR profile for 10%–90% (w/w) syrups or rape honey adulterated acacia honey samples were analyzed. We clearly demonstrate that the difference of the AC impedance between acacia honey and adulterated honey is obvious, and the levels of RCT of acacia honey samples are always smaller than those of syrups and adulterated honey. Furthermore, the relaxation peaks shift toward the lower frequency zone and gradually increase in intensity with increasing proportion of syrup or rape honey. Also, 1H NMR profile can clearly indicate the adulterant and adulteration proportion, supporting the results of the AC impedance spectroscopy measurement. And the effectiveness of impedance measurement can also be proved by principal component analysis. Our results provide new insights into the authenticity identification of acacia honey and prove the AC impedance measurement combined with NMR is a rapid, nondestructive method for honey authenticity verification.
•AC impedance spectroscopy can distinguish acacia honey from adulterated samples.•Equivalent electrical circuit precisely builds the impedance characteristics of samples.•Changes of charge transfer resistance indicate honey adulteration.•Shifts of relaxation peak imply honey adulteration.•NMR profile indicates the adulterant and supports the results of AC impedance spectroscopy.
•A PLS2-DA build on 1H NMR data of organic extracts revealed variations among production zones of EU acacia honeys.•NMR geographical assessment of EU acacia honeys based on floral secondary ...markers.•A PLS2 model defines the fractions of Italian and East European acacia honeys in blends.
A geographical discrimination of honey is an important prerequisite for quality and authenticity control. Here, we present a method based on an NMR-metabolomic analysis of organic extracts for a geographical discrimination of commercial European acacia honeys found on the Italian market. All 234 analysed samples show the characteristic 1H NMR profile of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) honey. However, a PLS2-DA model revealed variations among production zones allowing the successful geographical differentiation with a 100% of overall correct classification rate. Moreover, a PLS2 model is able to predict the proportions in binary blends of Italian and Eastern European acacia honeys. The geographical distinction and the possibility to characterize the content of blends derive from different markers content originating from minor nectar contributions of the acacia-accompanying flora.
Honey is a naturally occurring material made by bees from the sweet, fragrant nectar of flowers. More than 200 substances have been identified in honey, the majority of which are sugars and water. ...Certain physical characteristics of honey, such as crystallization and viscosity, are substantially affected by moisture. The honey may be stored for a longer period of time because of the low water content, which shields it from microbial activity. Honey from around Pozarevac, the place in Serbia with the largest production of honey, was controlled. A refractometer from A. KRÜSS Optronic GmbH was used for this research. In the period from 2019 to 2021, 99 samples of acacia honey and 114 samples of meadow honey were analyzed. The average values of water percentage in the indicated period in both types of honey were between 16 % and 17 %. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the percentage of water in acacia and meadow honey was below the maximum allowed values according to national and European regulations. Below 17 % water content, honey fermentation is inhibited. Honey with a water percentage above 17 % is sensitive to fermentation, while honey with a water content above 19 % is extremely vulnerable.
The potential of multiple fluorescence spectroscopy detection methods for the authentication of Robinia pseudoacacia L. honey (acacia honey) was evaluated. Fluorescence intensity (excitation ...wavelength: 280 nm), three-dimensional fluorescence spectra (excitation wavelengths: 200–460 nm; emission wavelengths: 260–560 nm), and fluorescence lifetime were recorded respectively to distinguish acacia honey (n = 160 samples harvested from eight regions of Shandong province in North China), concentrated acacia honey, and syrups. The fluorescence intensities, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence lifetime of acacia honey, concentrated acacia honey, and syrups showed significant difference. Acacia honey samples had a higher fluorescence intensity and peak values as well as shorter fluorescence lifetime. The combination of the three fluorescence spectroscopy detection methods could easily distinguish acacia honey, concentrated acacia honey and syrups, and multiple fluorescence parameters gave advantage to distinguish adulteration of acacia honey, which represents a reliable, rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost method for authenticating acacia honey.
•Fluorescence lifetime is the first time to be used to identify the adulteration of acacia honey.•Multiple fluorescence parameters give advantage to distinguish adulteration of acacia honey.•There is an urgent need to develop a reliable, rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost method for authenticating acacia honey.
The composition of honey is mostly determined by the species-specific characteristics of flowering plants, which is reflected in the significant deviations in composition of honey varieties. The ...high-quality acacia honey is assessed based on both physical-chemical parameters and melissopalynology. The appearance of rape pollen in acacia honey makes the acacia honey be sorted into the multifloral honey category. Over carrying out melissopalynology, the149 samples of various honeys (acacia, rape and multifloral) have also been analysed by using physical-chemical and elemental analysis. Multivariate data analysis revealed that multifloral honey is much closer to acacia honey than to rape honey, as it can be observed from the examined unique parameters. By the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis based on united set of physico-chemical and melissopalynology results the acacia and rape honey samples are entirely separated for each other, while multifloral honey samples are very close to acacia honey group and partially overlap with it. On ignoring the pollen analysis and based on the rest of the results, the multifloral honey category is almost indistinguishable from the declared and verified acacia honey category.
•Spring honey samples were classified into acacia, rape and multifloral honey categories.•14 chemical indicators revealed significant differences between rape and acacia honey.•By multivariate data analysis multifloral honey is much closer to acacia honey than to rape honey.•The acacia variety honey classification based on the 2001/110/EC is to be considered too strict.
The demand for monofloral, original, and special (functional) kinds of honey, or those with geographical indication, is forecast. At the same time, there is a need to improve the methods for ...determining the botanical and geographical origin of honey. The purpose of the research was to select and apply a variety of techniques for identifying the botanical origin of honey for its correspondence to acacia species. Samples of honey from the Kyiv, Odesa, and Dnipro regions extracted in the spring and summer period were used in the research. Organoleptic, physicochemical, NMR spectrometry, and advanced melissopalynology methods were applied. The tests were carried out at the laboratories of the Department of Certification and Standardization of Agricultural Products, NULES, Ukraine; the Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products; and the Bruker BioSpin GmbH company (Germany). According to the research results, the requirements for acacia honey were met by the organoleptic method for samples B1 and B2; by the physicochemical method for A0 and A2; by NMR spectroscopy for not a single sample, all being assessed as polyfloral; and by pollen analysis for B1 and B2. The conducted studies confirm the need for a comprehensive approach to the identification of the botanical origin of honey for its conformity to acacia species. There is a need to review the physicochemical indicators for the compliance of honey with the acacia species obtained in Ukraine. After all, even the modern NMR spectrometry technique indicated that the specially fabricated sample that did not contain acacia pollen grains was acacia honey. Identification of the botanical origin of monofloral honey, in particular acacia, should be carried out in the following sequence: pollen analysis (by dominant pollen grains), safety (presence of antibiotics, pesticides), physicochemical parameters according to international requirements, organoleptic parameters.
This study aims to investigate the physicochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of honey from selected honey bee species namely Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey. The findings ...show that Kelulut honey is superior due to its high antioxidant and total acidity, low pH, and high colour intensity. The total phenolic content of Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia honey varied between 12.15 and 26.45 µg GAE/kg, and FRAP value for Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey ranged between 49.54 and 139.47 µg Fe (II) per kilogram. The total mineral contents founded in all honey samples ranging from 545.76 to 570.66 mg/kg, with potassium, sodium, and calcium being the most abundant elements.
•Metabolomics approach was used to distinguish artificially heated and naturally matured acacia honey.•A marker was scanned by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.•The ...marker was identified N-(1-Deoxy-1-fructosyl) phenylalanine (Fru-Phe) by NMR.•Accurate quantitation of Fru-Phe in commercial samples by UHPLC-MS/MS.•Fru-Phe can serve as a potential index for acacia honey quality.
Acacia honey is a popular and high-value monofloral honey. On the honey market, immature acacia honey is sometimes thermally dehydrated, yielding a fraudulent product - artificially heated acacia honey (AHAH). Typical physicochemical indices are not sufficient to distinguish AHAH from naturally matured acacia honey (NMAH). Using a UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach, we compared the aqueous solutions of 33 NMAH and 33 AHAH samples, and uncovered a differential compound with a mass of 327.1321 Da. Structural analysis, employing high resolution-mass spectrometry (HR-MS) combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), identified it as N-(1-deoxy-1-fructosyl) phenylalanine (Fru-Phe), an Amadori compound that forms in the initial stages of the Maillard reaction and can be as a sensitive index for thermal treatment. According to quantitation via UHPLC-MS/MS, Fru-Phe was < 1.54 mg/kg in NMAH and > 10.00 mg/kg in AHAH, showing Fru-Phe is a potential indicator of artificial heating acacia honey.
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