Internet access is so easy that every level of society can access information from the website. If internet access is used positively, it will produce positive things for its users as well. Such as ...the facilities provided by the management of SMK Al-Mahrusiyah Lirboyo. Students, especially in the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) department, get facilities such as PCs in the lab or laptops along with internet access during productive learning hours. In its application in schools, students who are given laptop facilities and internet access do not always use it for learning. Questionnaire data showed that there were other things that were opened, including 37.7% of respondents finding and trying hacking tutorials, 35.8% playing social media, and 34% streaming movies. For this reason, a firewall is needed that restricts students' access to it. The firewall will be formulated with a script on the MikroTik router through the WinBox. The results of firewall tests using a combination of filters and Raw successfully blocked access to social media websites, streaming movies, and anime. The client cannot access and the display in the client browser displays continuous loading. Testing firewalls to ward off DoS attacks was also successful. When tested, LOIC did not send a single request packet and when the CPU resource was checked, the resource was only 1%. The use of firewalls with MikroTik routers is effective in limiting students' access to other things outside of learning. With this, it is hoped that students can better utilize facilities for learning.
Large-scale congestion can lead to traffic paralysis, which severely hampers the flow of vehicles and disrupts the normal functioning of urban traffic. Traffic optimization strategies can effectively ...improve the performance of road networks, but often ignore the impact of regional traffic conditions and equity. This paper presents a novel traffic strategy to solve regional traffic congestion in large cities, particularly focusing on mixed traffic scenarios of connected and non-connected vehicles. The proposed method involves monitoring the traffic condition of the congestion warning community and adjusting the internal access flow within each region. The problem is formulated as a Stackelberg game, with traffic policymakers and road users as the key players. The upper layer aims to control traffic access by issuing a community warning index, with the objective of minimizing congestion warning conditions within the community. This information is then disseminated to connected vehicles which utilize it to generate personalized route guidance, while non-connected vehicles remain unaffected. The lower-level objective is to allocate vehicles in the transportation network in a user-optimal manner. To solve the bi-level programming model, the paper introduces a variable neighborhood search approach based on graph theory. The Frank-Wolfe algorithm is used to solve the lower-level model, with a penalty function introduced to transform the constrained traffic assignment problem (TAP) into an unconstrained TAP. The proposed method is applied using the data of Beijing urban road network and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the impacts of critical parameters, such as regional partitioning and mixed traffic proportion. The results show that the method exhibits improved optimization performance across different parameter settings, effectively utilizing idle links and contributing to a reduction in the occurrence of traffic warning regions.
•The regional control strategy prevents the emergence of warning communities.•A bi-level model is developed to solve the traffic diversion of mixed traffic.•A variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the model.•The control strategies under different critical variables scenarios are analyzed.
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe damage to the Chinese cruise market since 2020. It is crucial for the local government to reformulate the subsidy policy to respond to the ...changing environment. We propose a cruise supply chain system to investigate the choice of subsidy recipients and the setting of optimal subsidy levels with a budget-constrained government during the access restriction period and post-epidemic period. We find that in both periods, as long as the subsidy achieves the optimal level, either the cruise lines, the travel agency, or the passengers as recipients of the subsidy policy can maximize the market demand and recover the cruise market after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, as the budget increases, subsidizing passengers can improve the “low price dilemma” of the Chinese cruise market. Compared with the access restriction period, the local government should adjust the subsidy level in the post-epidemic period. Interestingly, the subsidy policy does not always positively impact the international cruise line's profit in the post-epidemic period.
•Mark off two periods of recovery for the cruise market under the impact of the COVID-19.•Government budget restrictions and competition between cruise lines are considered.•The optimal subsidy policies under the two periods are derived.•Supply chain performances under the two periods are compared.•The effects of the subsidy policies are examined.
Data security in the cloud has become a dominant topic being discussed in recent times as the security of data in the cloud has been focused on by several researchers. However, the data security was ...enforced at the attribute level, the adversaries are capable of learning the method of data encryption even there are access restrictions are enforced at an attribute level. To challenge the adversaries with more sophisticated security measures, an efficient real-time service-centric feature sensitivity analysis (RSFSA) model is proposed in this paper. The RSFSA model analyses the sensitivity of different features being accessed by any service and at multiple levels. At each level, the method checks the set of features being accessed and the number of features the user has access grant to compute the FLAG value for the user according to the profile given. Based on the value of FLAG, the user has been granted or denied service access. On the other side, the method maintains different encryption schemes and keys for each level of features. As the features are organized in multiple levels, the method maintains a set of schemes and keys for each level dedicative. Based on the service level and data, the method selects an encryption scheme and key to perform data encryption. According to that, the service access data has been encrypted at the attribute level with a specific scheme and key. Data encrypted has been uploaded to the blockchain and the method modifies the reference part of the chain to connect only the blocks to which the user has access. The chain given to the user would do not contain any reference from a specific block to which the user has no access. The proposed method improves the performance of data security and access restriction greatly.
Renewable energy (RE) is one of the most popular public policy orientations worldwide. Compared to some other countries and continents, Europe has gained an early awareness of energy and ...environmental problems in general. At the theoretical level, free-market environmentalism indicates that based on the principle of private property rights, with fewer state interventionist and regulation policies, entrepreneurs, as the driving force of the market economy, can provide better services to meet the necessity of offering RE to protect the environment more effectively. Previous studies have revealed that Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have made some progress in using the market to develop RE. However, this research did not analyze the three countries’ RE conditions from the perspective of free-market environmentalism. Based on our review of the principles of free-market environmentalism, this paper originally provides an empirical study of how Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have partly conducted free-market-oriented policies to successfully achieve their policy goal of RE since the 1990s on a practical level. In particular, compared with Germany and Denmark, the UK has maintained a relatively low energy tax rate and opted for more pro-market measures since the Hayekian-Thatcherism free-market reform of 1979. The paper also discovers that Fredrich A. Hayek’s theories have strongly impacted its energy liberalization reform agenda since then. Low taxes on the energy industry and electricity have alleviated the burden on the electricity enterprises and consumers in the UK. Moreover, the empirical results above show that the energy enterprises play essential roles in providing better and more affordable RE for household and industrial users in the three sampled countries. Based on the above results, the paper also warns that state intervention policies such as taxation, state subsidies, and industrial access restrictions can impede these three countries’ RE targets. Additionally, our research provides reform agendas and policy suggestions to policymakers on the importance of implementing free-market environmentalism to provide more efficient RE in the post-COVID-19 era.
Problem. The growing propagation of multiple and inconsistent vehicle Access Restriction Schemes, including Low-Emission Zones, is creating extraordinary fragmentation of the European continent`s ...transport infrastructure access rules, where road transport becoming increasingly expensive, inconvenient, and linked to superfluous barriers, inhibiting economic development and interregional ties. The abovementioned substantiate a strong need for a unified system of road vehicles environmental labelling as a crucial element of any Low-Emission Zone regulation framework as well as environmental marketing and customer decision-making influence in favour of environmentally-friendly vehicles choice. Goal. The main purpose of the research is to develop a concept of unified vehicle environmental labelling to combine in a stable system past, current, and future road vehicle technologies. Methodology. The research method is based on a conceptual framework regarding road vehicle environmental labelling data structure needed to support environmental marketing and management of vehicle access to infrastructure in view of an analysis of positive and negative experience directly in the field, the relevant determinants and driving factors, as well as other related issues. Results. The research gives systems analysis of worldwide experience in the field of road vehicles environmental labelling with emphasise on low-emission zones access differentiation. It is studied many aspects in order to analyse positive and negative experience, including low emission zones faults or low efficiency in reducing air pollution. Key factors lead to faults of low-emission zones or its low efficiency in many cases are identified. Originality and practical value. The proposed concept of unified vehicle environmental labelling not only combine in a stable system past, current, and future technologies, and not only technologically neutral but also join on a unified basis, in a unified global system, vehicles developed, approved and produced under incompatible emission standards in different regions of the world.
Advances in both telecommunications and Information technology have improved the way users do business online. Android, an open-source mobile operating system, is becoming an attractive target for ...cyber criminals to exploit due to its predefined permission model. Without classification, the mobile operating system permits installation of mobile applications of all kinds, including Trojans, thus making its trustworthiness into question. In this paper, we present a security system called collaborative policy-based security scheme (CSS) that permits users to customize the access permissions of Android applications during runtime. The proposed CSS security scheme validates the trustworthiness of each application before being installed. The experimental results show that the proposed CSS successfully detects all malicious applications with a run-time overhead of 2.7%.
Introduction. Social networks are a tool for finding social contacts, emotional support, a means of self-expression and self-presentation. In the period of so called "crisis of credibility", ...expressed in a large amount of unverified and often contradictory information, it is very important to study the psychological characteristics of students' experience of limited access to social networks such as Instagram* (a Meta Platforms Inc. project, which is banned in Russia). The study of informational behavior in recent years has acquired particular relevance, which has been realized in a large number of both foreign and russian works. For the first time, an attempt was made to describe the differences in the characteristics of students' experience of limited access to social networks, depending on the actions of respondents after the restriction of access. Methods. The study involved 174 students aged 18 to 21 years (61 boys and 113 girls), students of 1–3 courses of the Don State Technical University. To achieve the goal of the study, the author's questionnaire was used (I. V. Abakumova, N. E. Komerova, S. V. Ryagin); test of Personal Adjustment (K. Rogers, adapted by A. K. Osnitsky); questionnaire "Strategic approach to coping scale" (SACS) (S. Hobfall, adapted by N. E. Vodopyanova, E. S. Starchenkova). Mathematical methods were the statistical Mann-Whitney U-test; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. Coping strategies and features of socio-psychological adaptation to stressful situations change depending on the actions of respondents after restricting access to the social network Instagram* (continuation of use using VPN applications, termination of use after a ban). Respondents who stopped using the Instagram* social network showed a higher level of avoidance and impulsive actions, less severity of internal control, adaptability, and emotional discomfort than respondents who continued to use this social network. Discussion. Studies of informational behavior by both domestic and foreign authors emphasize the importance of the virtual space of social networks as a way of self-presentation, communication, getting support, self-expression, etc., which is consistent with our results that limiting access to the popular resource among young people (Instagram*) can be perceived as a frustrating event, the loss of a "part" of life, which activates certain coping strategies and mechanisms of socio-psychological adaptation.
The public decision-making process at the municipal level becomes extremely complicated for government managers when unpopular measures must be adopted. In this sense, citizen participation processes ...become a tool of undoubted added value that allows municipalities to adapt their policies to the needs and feelings of their inhabitants. The aim of this research was to focus on addressing the point of view of the citizens of a medium-sized Spanish city in the face of the imminent implementation of a low-emission zone, in order to identify which aspects were of concern to citizens. The methodology used in the research was based on a declared preferences survey that allowed us to determine the daily behaviour of the user in terms of urban mobility and to anticipate the citizen’s reaction to the implementation of socially unacceptable initiatives, such as restrictions on access, circulation, and the parking of vehicles. The results obtained in relation to the consultation on alternative measures to tackle pollution, noise and traffic jams showed that citizens are receptive to improvements in universal accessibility, subsidies for public transport, increased road safety for PMV’s infrastructure, subsidies for the purchase of environmentally friendly vehicles and PMV, and the promotion of pedestrianisation. However, there are undoubted threats to the implementation of the LEZ, such as the lack of acceptance of the measure. Therefore, it is considered imperative for public administrations to work on the search for sustainable actions that contribute to improving the degree of compliance with the measure, while at the same time making an effort to disseminate the advantages of the LEZ for the quality of life and health of citizens (through information campaigns). There is a knowledge gap in scientific research on the ex ante assessment of the effects of possible transport measures to improve air quality in city centres and consultation through citizen participation. It is estimated that the resolution of this research gap could contribute to a more feasible, reasonable, and effective implementation of various urban mobility policies in medium-sized Spanish cities.
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