Background: Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only treatment of allergic disease that gives long‐lasting relief of symptoms. However, concerns for safety and efficiency have highlighted ...the need for improvement of the therapy. We have previously suggested carbohydrate‐based particles (CBPs) as a novel adjuvant and allergen carrier for ASIT. Our aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CBPs in ASIT, employing a mouse model for cat allergy.
Methods: BALB/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with the recombinant (r) cat allergen Fel d 1 followed by intranasal challenge with cat dander extract (CDE). The sensitized mice were therapeutically treated with rFel d 1 covalently coupled to CBPs (CBP‐rFel d 1). Airway hyper‐reactivity (AHR), infiltration of leucocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin levels and in vitro splenocyte responses were evaluated.
Results: Mice treated with CBP‐rFel d 1 showed reduced features of allergic inflammation. They responded with (i) significantly decreased AHR and infiltration of eosinophils in BAL fluid after CDE challenge, (ii) the serum level of rFel d 1‐specific IgE was reduced and the level of IgG2a was more pronounced after CBP‐rFel d 1 treatment, and (iii) there was also a tendency of decreased allergen‐specific cellular response.
Conclusions: Carbohydrate‐based particles are effective tools as adjuvant and allergen carriers for use in ASIT and constitutes a promising strategy to improve allergy treatment.
Clonidine--a potent analgesic adjuvant Tryba, Michael; Gehling, Markus
Current opinion in anaesthesiology,
10/2002, Letnik:
15, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine is one of the most widely investigated substances in anaesthesia and pain therapy. Recently, numerous experimental and clinical studies have allowed a ...better understanding of its underlying mechanisms of action and interactions with other analgesic drugs.
Several experimental studies have shown that clonidine may improve the analgesic effect of anti-inflammatory agents and also have significant peripheral antinociceptive effects. Volunteer and clinical studies have demonstrated analgesic effects of clonidine after systemic administration, whereas local administration of plain clonidine (e.g. intra-articular, intravenous regional) showed only limited clinical efficacy. The major clinical place of clonidine may thus be as an adjuvant to other analgesics, as shown in a number of studies in which clonidine has been investigated in combination with local anaesthetics, opioids and ketamine. An increasing number of studies have now investigated clonidine in paediatric patients and have demonstrated that the effects are generally similar to those in adults. Furthermore, it seems that in paediatric patients the side-effects of clonidine are predictable and of limited clinical importance.
During the past decade clonidine has been investigated as an adjuvant for general and regional anaesthesia and in the postoperative period. There is no doubt that clonidine improves analgesia after systemic, spinal or peripheral opioids, and prolongs the analgesic action of most local anaesthetics. The side-effects of usual doses of clonidine are predictable. Given the clinical experience of an increasing number of hospitals, clonidine should no longer be considered an experimental drug, but a useful addendum to the pharmacological armamentarium.
Eine radikal(isch)e Lipidierung: Eine neue Thiol‐En‐Lipidierung ermöglicht die einstufige Synthese von antigenen Peptiden mit Eigenverstärkungseffekt als Impfstoffkandidaten. Es wird gezeigt, dass ...die erhaltenen Monoacyllipopeptide Monocyten aktivieren.
Iako su cijepljenje i istraživanja nakon cijepljenja znatno dobila na važnosti u borbi protiv bolesti u akvakulturi, malo se zna o mehanizmu imunološke zaštite u cijepljenih riba nakon izazivačke ...infekcije. U ovom se istraživanju pokušalo rasvijetliti mehanizam zaštite nakon cijepljenja modificiranim cjepivom pripravljenim od rekombinantnog proteina R (rOmpR) vezanog na adjuvans u vrste Labeo rohita (za Indiju važne vrste šarana) i izazivačke infekcije vrstom Aeromonas hydrophila. U tu svrhu analizirana je ekspresija niza imunosnih molekula (IgM, faktor 3 komplementa, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, faktor tumorske nekroze α, interleukin 15, MHC I and MHC II) u bubrežnim tkivima cijepljenih riba 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 i 120 h nakon izazivačke infekcije. Više razine transkripata IgM, MHC I i MHC II bile su očite u skupina cijepljenih OmpR-om s mineralnim uljem kao adjuvansom i modificiranim OmpR-om s mineralnim uljem u različitim vremenskim razmacima nakon izazivačke infekcije kao i onih koje nisu bile podvrgnute izazivačkoj infekciji. Rana pojava proupalnih citokina i ekspresije većine imunosnih gena bila je više izražena u cijepljenih riba u različitim vremenskim točkama nakon izazivačke infekcije što upućuje na bolji imunosni odgovor u tih riba. Ovo istraživanje naznačuje aktivaciju i humoralne i stanične imunosti u cijepljenih rohu riba nakon izazivačke infekcije bakterijom A. hydrophila.
Postvakcinalni fibrosarkom mačke Huber, Doroteja; Beck, Ana
Hrvatski veterinarski vjesnik,
12/2015, Letnik:
23, Številka:
7/8
Paper
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Postvakcinalni fibrosarkom izrazito je agresivan oblik tumora podrijetlom od fibroblasta. Njegov je razvoj povezan s malignom alteracijom fibroblasta uzrokovanom kroničnom upalom, koja je najčešće ...posljedica aplikacije vakcina protiv bjesnoće ili virusa mačje leukemije. Obilježen je brzim te infiltrativnim, zrakastim rastom putem fascija što zahtijeva rano uklanjanje sa širokim i dubokim marginama ekscizije. Ako margine nisu zadovoljavajuće, dolazi do recidiva koji su lokalno agresivniji od prvotno odstranjenog tumora. Česti recidivi zahtijevaju opetovano kirurško uklanjanje te smanjuju kvalitetu života mačke, zbog čega većina mačaka s ovom dijagnozom bude eutanazirana. Ovdje je prikazan slučaj pravodobne ekscizije postvakcinalnog fibrosarkoma s kratkim osvrtom na dosadašnje spoznaje o etiologiji, morfologiji i mogućnostima liječenja ovog malignog tumora mačaka specifične etiologije.
Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant properties. In this experiment, Freund's complete adjuvant was used as a stressogenic substance given to laboratory outbred mice, whereas melatonin was ...investigated as a protectant against the stressogenic effect. Levels of low molecular weight antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and tumor necrosis factor α and activity of glutathione reductase were determined in blood from the animals. Surprisingly, melatonin was not involved in direct regulation of antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and tumor necrosis factor α. On the other hand, melatonin regulated glutathione reductase activity. We can conclude on regulation of metabolism caused by melatonin in the model. The effect was more important than the expected regulation of immunity and basal oxidative homeostasis.
M. Pohanka, B. Ruttkay-Nedecký, J. Fusek, V. Adam, R. Kizek
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