Not since the 1960s have U.S. politicians, Republican or Democrat, campaigned on platforms defending big government, much less the use of regulation to help solve social ills. And since the late ...1970s, deregulation has become perhaps the most ubiquitous political catchword of all. This book takes on the critics of government regulation. Providing the first major alternative to conventional arguments grounded in public choice theory, it demonstrates that regulatory government can, and on important occasions does, advance general interests.Unlike previous accounts, Regulation and Public Interests takes agencies' decision-making rules rather than legislative incentives as a central determinant of regulatory outcomes. Drawing from both political science and law, Steven Croley argues that such rules, together with agencies' larger decision-making environments, enhance agency autonomy. Agency personnel inclined to undertake regulatory initiatives that generate large but diffuse benefits (while imposing smaller but more concentrated costs) can use decision-making rules to develop socially beneficial regulations even over the objections of Congress and influential interest groups.This book thus provides a qualified defense of regulatory government.Its illustrative case studies include the development of tobacco rulemaking by the Food and Drug Administration, ozone and particulate matter rules by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Forest Service's roadless policy for national forests, and regulatory initiatives by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission.
The second part of the topic generated by the approach to the specifics of the nullity of the fiscal procedure acts, as they were delimited in the first part, is intended for the application of the ...annulment cases, delimited, in particular, by the French doctrine of administrative law, to the fiscal administrative act. Beforehand, there are required references to the problems generated by the approaches from the French doctrine aimed at identifying the generic cases of annulment in relation to the way in which nullity is regulated in the rules of the Fiscal Procedure Code. In the context of the discussions concerning the relative nullity, the correct relationship between the notions of „nullity", „annulability" and „annulment" must be clarified. Thus, in the comments concerning Article 49 of the Fiscal Procedure Code, differentiating between nullity and annulability, in the claim that the latter would constitute the „attribute" of the administrative acts affected by flaws of unlawfulness arising from the non-compliance with some validity conditions of lesser importance, it is evoked the thesis of the supporters of the presence of relative nullity including in the matter of administrative acts. However, the relative nullity is not compatible with the public interest on the basis of which any rule of administrative law is enacted. In order to avoid any confusions, the term „nullity" must denote the organic state of the act affected by serious defects of unlawfulness arising from the non-compliance with the conditions of validity specific to each category of legal acts, the term „annulability", particularized, as a rule, in the wording „are annulable", must be used to denote virtual nullities, and the word „annulment", only to evoke the approach of the authorities to proceed with the annulment of legal acts affected by the flaws/defects of unlawfulness likely to generate their nullity. Given that, in the tax law doctrine, there are opinions evoking the support for the theory of the presence of legal non-existence and of relative nullity, it must be checked to what extent they can find their place in the matter of fiscal administrative acts. Although the doctrine in the matter contains tangential references to the non-existence, when commenting on the fiscal procedural texts referring to the communication of the fiscal administrative act, there is no regulation that expressly refers to the non-existence of such acts, as the legislator proceeded when specifying the sanction applicable to some administrative acts (the decisions and ordinances of the Government, as well as the decisions of the Prime Minister) not published in the Official Gazette of Romania.
Jelen tanulmány fő célja a hulladékgazdálkodási jog (hulladékjog) elhelyezése a magyar jogrendszerben. Ennek megfelelően vizsgálom, hogy a honi szakirodalom foglalkozott-e a hulladékgazdálkodási ...joggal vagy annak valamely szegmensével. A vizsgált időszak felöleli a rendszerváltás előtti, az azt követő időszakot és a legújabb szakirodalmat is. Mindemellett górcső alá veszem a közigazgatási jog és a hulladékgazdálkodási jog kapcsolódási pontjait és alkotmányjogi beágyazottságát.
Should judges defer to administrative decisions? This book examines how the common law of judicial review has responded to the development of the administrative state in three different common law ...jurisdictions-the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada-over the past one hundred years.
Increasing the investment activity of the existing companies and stimulating the incorporation of new companies is one of the factors of economic development. Many factors determine the scope of ...economic activity in a country, one of them is the procedure for incorporating economic entities. If we start from the assumption that the investor, domestic or foreign, has assessed the possibility of profiting in a specific economic environment, the first step in the realization of their business idea is the incorporation of their company. The legislation in Serbia provides an opportunity for a significant part of the procedure for incorporating business entities to be conducted electronically. Using this opportunity implies the knowledge of several laws related to the procedure for incorporation registration, as well as mastering new e-methods of communicating and running business. In this paper, we point out the normative solutions related to the e-registration of companies in Serbia and the problems in the practice that the founders encounter. E-registration of business entities entails the understanding of numerous e-instruments such as: e-documents, qualified e-signature, e-address, user applications, qualified e-time stamp and others. Memorandum of Association and other acts can be made in written or e-form, so the question arises whether all documents when forming a company can be in e-form and how an e-document can be materialized without losing legal force. Another legal obligation in our country, for some companies, is the e-records of beneficial owners. We will deal with these and other practical issues that the founders of companies in Serbia face in this paper.
Welche Herausforderungen ergeben sich einerseits beim Einsatz digitaler Techniken als Gegenstand rechtlicher Regulierung und andererseits hinsichtlich der Veränderung des Rechts durch die ...Digitalisierung? Die Potentiale der digitalen Transformation sollen genutzt und Risiken für individuelle und kollektive Schutzgüter vermieden werden. Die Entstofflichung digitaler Güter, vielfältige Entgrenzungen und Intransparenzen, die Dominanz privater Normsetzung im IT-Bereich und Asymmetrien in den Machtverhältnissen sind nur einige der strukturell verankerten Hemmnisse erfolgreicher Gestaltung. Die Möglichkeiten des Rechts, aber auch die Schwächen bisheriger Regulierung werden zum Thema. Der Autor plädiert für eine transdisziplinär inspirierte und transnational informierte Rechtswissenschaft, die nicht nur die Mikrowirkungen der Setzung und Anwendung von Recht, sondern auch die infolge der digitalen Transformation besonders bedeutsamen Makrowirkungen in den Blick nimmt.
Welche Herausforderungen ergeben sich einerseits beim Einsatz digitaler Techniken als Gegenstand rechtlicher Regulierung und andererseits hinsichtlich der Veränderung des Rechts durch die Digitalisierung? Die Potentiale der digitalen Transformation sollen genutzt und Risiken für individuelle und kollektive Schutzgüter vermieden werden. Die Entstofflichung digitaler Güter, vielfältige Entgrenzungen und Intransparenzen, die Dominanz privater Normsetzung im IT-Bereich und Asymmetrien in den Machtverhältnissen sind nur einige der strukturell verankerten Hemmnisse erfolgreicher Gestaltung. Die Möglichkeiten des Rechts, aber auch die Schwächen bisheriger Regulierung werden zum Thema. Der Autor plädiert für eine transdisziplinär inspirierte und transnational informierte Rechtswissenschaft, die nicht nur die Mikrowirkungen der Setzung und Anwendung von Recht, sondern auch die infolge der digitalen Transformation besonders bedeutsamen Makrowirkungen in den Blick nimmt.
The article presents conciliatory case settling methods in administrative proceedings. These methods are administrative settlement and mediation. The institution of administrative settlement has ...existed in the CAP since 1980. The institution of mediation, on the other hand, was introduced into the CAP because of the 2017 amendment. The purpose of the article is to present these institutions and to verify them in practice. There is no doubt that the introduction of mediation into the administrative procedure constitutes an implementation of the trend of implementation of ADR methods37, which certainly deserves to be approved of. It appears that the institution of mediation in administrative proceedings has the chance to work out to a greater extent than the administrative settlement.
Sind staatliche Entscheidungen gerade dann auf verfahrensrechtliche Vorgaben angewiesen, wenn das materielle Recht Entscheidungsspielräume belässt? In einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung von ...Verwaltungs- und Verfassungsrecht zeigt Jochen Rauber, dass die Vorstellung, Schwächen des materiellen Rechts ließen sich durch ergänzende Verfahrensanforderungen ausgleichen, zwar weit verbreitet ist, doch auf Voraussetzungen beruht, die zu selten hinterfragt werden. Weder bedarf es eines solchen Ausgleichs durch Verfahren stets, wenn das materielle Recht den Inhalt einer Entscheidung nur vage vorzeichnet. Noch können die Verfahrensanforderungen durchweg leisten, was sich die Dogmatik von ihnen verspricht. Und auch wenn sie es könnten, lässt es das Grundgesetz keinesfalls immer zu, auf materiellrechtliche Direktiven zu verzichten, sofern nur das Verfahren ausreichend dicht geregelt ist.
