Društvene mreže u današnje vrijeme predstavljaju jedan od važnijih »tehnoloških alata« u životima ljudi diljem svijeta, a u najvećoj mjeri koriste ih adolescenti (pogotovo djevojke), pri čemu su ...najčešće korištene Snapchat, Instagram, TikTok i Facebook. Glavni cilj ovoga rada je istražiti obilježja korištenja Snapchata meðu srednjoškolcima Grada Zagreba, prije svega zbog iznimne popularnosti, količine provedenog vremena na ovoj društvenoj mreži, potencijalnih psihosocijalnih rizika te nedostatka domaće literature u ovom području. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 825 učenika (NM = 404; ND = 418; 3 učenika nije označilo spol), a raspon dobi kreće se od 14 do 20 godina (Mdob = 16,65; SDdob = 1,208). Rezultati pokazuju da preko 80% srednjoškolaca koristi Snapchat, te su utvrðene razlike u učestalosti korištenja s obzirom na spol, dob/razred te vrstu škole. Instagram, Snapchat i TikTok najpopularnije su društvene mreže meðu zagrebačkim srednjoškolcima, a korištenje jedne umjereno je povezano s korištenjem ostalih, stoga rezultati govore u prilog postojanju preferirane i dominantne društvene mreže koja se koristi češće u odnosu na druge. Zaključno, nisu utvrðene razlike u izraženosti ovisnosti o internetu s obzirom na učestalost korištenja Snapchata. Dobivenim rezultatima omogućeno je bolje razumijevanje obilježja korištenja Snapchata meðu srednjoškolcima, a isti su interpretirani u kontekstu aktualnih znanstvenoistraživačkih spoznaja i izazova, te mogućnosti razvoja psihosocijalnih intervencija.
ČIMBENICI OTPORNOSTI I ISKUSTVO VRŠNJAČKOG NASILJA Belošević, Matea; Ferić, Martina; Mitrić, Ivana
Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja,
12/2021, Letnik:
57, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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The aim of this study is to determine the role of resilience factors in peer violence experienced by youth as the basis of planning evidence-based interventions for positive development promotion and ...risk behaviour prevention among youth. Our research was based on a sample of 1,647 adolescents, aged 14-19 years, from Varaždin County. The following questionnaires were used in this study: the Demographic Data Survey (developed for the purpose of this project), the CTC Youth Survey (Mihić, Novak and Bašić, 2010), and a modified version of the Resilience and Youth Development Module (California Department of Education, 1997). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that 13.8 % of peer violence experienced at least once in the last four weeks can be explained by a combination of sex, age, individual resilience factors (cooperation and communication, self-efficacy, empathy, problem-solving, self-awareness, goals and aspirations), resilience factors in the peer environment (high expectations – prosocial peers, caring relationships), resilience factors in the family environment (high expectations, caring relationships, meaningful participation), and resilience factors in the community (high expectations, caring relationships, meaningful participation). Predictors that increase the probability of experiencing peer violence are empathy and the female sex. On the other hand, the predictors that reduce the probability of experiencing peer violence are cooperation and communication, self-efficacy, high expectations – prosocial peers, and caring relationships with peers and family.
U ovom radu istražujemo kako srednjoškolci u Hrvatskoj razumiju i doživljavaju svoj kulturni identitet te koji su oblici njihove kulturne participacije. U sklopu međunarodnog projekta CHIEF u ...Hrvatskoj je provedeno kvalitativno istraživanje kojim smo obuhvatili učenike drugih razreda triju srednjih škola, jedne u velikom gradu, druge u manjem urbanom središtu i treće u ruralnom području. Pritom su provedeni polustrukturirani intervjui sa 60 učenika (po dvadeset iz svake škole) i devetero nastavnika (po troje iz svake škole). U sklopu projekta provedeno je i anketno istraživanje u 28 srednjih škola na više od 2000 učenika. Kvalitativni nalazi, potkrijepljeni nalazima anketnog istraživanja, pokazuju da se mladi ponajprije identificiraju kroz obrasce mjesta, regije i nacije pa tek onda kroz obrasce Europe i čovječanstva. Razlike između urbanih i ruralnih sredina nisu se pokazale presudnima za različitost stavova i oblika kulturne participacije mladih. Važnija se čini izloženost multikulturnom iskustvu uz ekonomsku dimenziju uže regije koja je u nekim slučajevima utjecala na značenje koje mladi pridaju etničkoj različitosti u vlastitoj sredini. S obzirom na visoko mjesto koje pripada glazbi na ljestvici najčešćih oblika kulturne participacije mladih prema rezultatima anketnog istraživanja, važan je nalaz kvalitativnog dijela istraživanja koji ukazuje na dominaciju stilova u vezi s popularnom glazbom zvanom „cajka" neovisno o stupnju urbanizacije (veliki grad naspram ruralne sredine).
Ključnu ulogu u razdoblju adolescencije zauzimaju vršnjački odnosi. Posredno ili neposredno, ti odnosi imaju za posljedicu potrebu za činjenjem onoga što zahtijevaju vršnjaci, a što je vidljivo po ...odlukama koje adolescenti donose, kao i po načinu na koji se ponašaju. Cilj ovoga rada je utvrditi jesu li i u kojem obimu studenti podložni vršnjačkom pritisku i, ako jesu, koja su to specifična obilježja razlika u podložnosti tom pritisku između studenata Fakulteta za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti Sveučilišta Jurja Dobrile u Puli i Učiteljskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Odsjeka u Petrinji (N = 440). Rezultati pokazuju da su studenti svoju podložnost vršnjačkom pritisku procjenjivali vrlo malom. Zaključuje se da obilježja okruženja nisu u većoj mjeri djelovala na podložnost vršnjačkom pritisku studenata koji su u navedene gradove došli studirati u dobi već kasne adolescencije, koju obilježava manja podložnost vršnjačkom pritisku. Kod studenata promatranih fakulteta koji su ponekad bili podložni vršnjačkom pritisku postoje razlike u specifičnim obilježjima te podložnosti, no one su također male. Temeljem dobivenih razlika zaključuje se da je kod studenata grada Petrinje veća socijalna kontrola, pa su tako i češća konformistička ponašanja koja studenti usvajaju kako bi se uklopili. Doprinos rada očituje se u uvidu o obimu vršnjačkog pritiska kod studenata, ali i sagledavanju razlika u specifičnim obilježjima podložnosti vršnjačkom pritisku studenata koji su mu podložni s dvaju srodnih fakulteta. Također, činjenica da ne postoje ili su izrazito rijetka istraživanja ove vrste o povezanosti vršnjačkog pritiska s različitim okruženjima dodatni je doprinos ovog rada.
Introduction: Mental disorders begin at an early age. Screening is the first step in early intervention for the mental health problems of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to ...analyse the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents from Osijek, to early detect the risks of possible mental disorders, and to analyse gender differences. Materials and methods: The main screening instrument was The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assesses the emotional and behavioural difficulties of children and adolescents, as well as the prosocial skills. Over 5 school years (2012/13-2016/17), a total of 5787 students were examined. 5514 (95.3%) first-year students from 16 high schools and 273 (4.7%) seventh-grade students from 10 elementary schools were examined in the City of Osijek. Results: 10.4% of students had the borderline or abnormal score on the Total difficulties score. Girls had higher scores on the Total difficulties score (p<0.01), Emotional symptoms subscale (p<0.01), Prosocial behaviour subscale (p<0.01), and on the Hyperactivity/inattention subscale (p<0.01). On the Conduct problems subscale and the Peer relationships problem subscale, boys scored significantly higher than the girls (p<0.01). Conclusion: In the Osijek area, girls are more affected by mental problems than boys, scoring higher on the total scale, as well as on the emotional and hyperactivity scale. Whereas boys scored higher on the conduct and peer relationship scales. The data obtained through this screening allows for further planning of public health measures, preventive activities, treatment, and mental health promotion.
Objective: Adolescent substance use is prevalent and associated with additional risk behaviours. Research shows that evidence-based brief interventions with adolescents and their main caregiver may ...mitigate the progression of substance use. Method: We used the ADAPT-ITT framework to develop a needs-based, culturally-sensitive intervention. Five focus groups with adolescents (n = 30), three focus groups with separate main caregivers of adolescents who use substances (n = 21), key informant interviews and an expert meeting, were conducted. Results: Adolescents described the need to decrease risk behaviours, while adolescents and caregivers requested additional support. The core components of the original intervention were retained, with some additions. The newly adapted RAD-PAL intervention was viewed as acceptable. Conclusion: Despite apparent acceptability, we need to test feasibility and efficacy in a trial.
Violent video games are increasingly popular, raising concerns by parents, researchers, policy makers, and informed citizens about potential harmful effects. Chapter 1 describes the history of ...violent games and their explosive growth. Chapter 2 discusses research methodologies, how one establishes causality in science, and prior research on violent television, film, and video games. Chapter 3 presents the General Aggression Model, focusing on how media violence increases aggression and violence in both short and long-term contexts. Important scientific questions are answered by three new studies. Chapter 4 reports findings from a laboratory experiment: even children's games with cartoonish violence increased aggression in children and college students. Chapter 5 reports findings from a survey study of high school students: frequent violent game play leads to an angry and hostile personality and to frequent aggression and violence. Chapter 6 reports findings from the first longitudinal study video game effects: elementary school children who frequently played violent games early in the school year became more verbally and physically aggressive, and less helpful. Chapters 7 and 8 compare a host of risk factors for development of aggression, and find video game effects to be quite important. Chapter 9 describes the role of scientific findings in public policy, industry responses to scientific findings, and public policy options. Chapter 10 recommends that public policy debates acknowledge the harmful effects of violent video games on youth, and urges a more productive debate about whether and how modern societies should act.
Pozadina istraživanja. Upitnik o učestalosti konzumiranja hrane i pića važan je dijetetički alat koji se koristi za procjenu unosa hranjiva u epidemiološkim istraživanjima. Svrha je ovog istraživanja ...bila razviti i validirati upitnik za populaciju adolescenata od 12 do 18 godina starosti. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ovaj upitnik je razvijen prilagodbom prethodno validiranog prehrambenog upitnika za djecu odnosno adolescente, i to uključivanjem karakterističnih hrvatskih prehrambenih proizvoda. Konačna verzija upitnika obuhvaćala je 87 namirnica i jela. Kao referentna metoda upotrijebljena su dva trodnevna dnevnika prehrane, vođena u dva navrata s razmakom od mjesec dana. Upitnik je proveden pri kraju vođenja drugog dnevnika prehrane. Adolescenti su regrutirani iz nasumično izabranih osnovnih i srednjih škola iz urbanih i ruralnih dijelova Hrvatske. Upitnik je validiran na uzorku od 84 adolescenata (70,2 % ženskog spola). Unos hranjiva je utvrđen za svakog ispitanika zasebno iz podataka prikupljenih upitnikom i iz dnevnika prehrane. Za validaciju su korišteni Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije (r) i Bland-Altmanova metoda. Antropometrijske mjere određene su kod 78 adolescenata. Rezultati i zaključci. Srednja vrijednost unosa hranjiva određena upitnikom bila je veća od one određene iz dnevnika prehrane. Prosječni koeficijent korelacije za unose energije i hranjiva iznosio je 0,4. U prosjeku je 76,5 % adolescenata spadalo u istu ili susjednu kvartilu unosa hranjiva. Bland-Altmanovom analizom utvrđeno je dobro podudaranje između rezultata upitnika i podataka iz trodnevnog dnevnika prehrane za sva makrohranjiva i neka mikrohranjiva (natrij, fosfor, kalij, kalcij, magnezij i željezo). Ovaj upitnik je prikladan za određivanje unosa energije i hranjiva među adolescentima Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo je prvi upitnik koji je razvijen za populaciju adolescenata u Hrvatskoj, te će se moći koristiti u budućim istraživanjima za procjenu unosa hranjiva u toj populaciji.
BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCIES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: A VALIDATION OF THE CROATIAN VERSION OF BERS-2 QUESTIONNAIRE The aim of the paper was to examine the Croatian translation of the ...BERS-2 questionnaire on the sample of mid-adolescents, examine its convergent validity and analyse gender differences in behavioural and socio-emotional competencies of adolescents. 849 respondents participated in the research (56% female adolescents). General data questionnaire, Croatian version of the BERS-2 questionnaire, emotional competence questionnaire and family satisfaction scale were used. The conducted factor analyses have shown that the original five-factor BERS-2 structure does not correspond to the data, so a four-factor structure with a reduced number of items in comparison with the original was proposed as an optimum solution. Thus formed results have shown satisfactory psychometric characteristics for four groups of competencies. A significant correlation between the results shown on the BERS-2 questionnaire and school achievement, family satisfaction and emotional competencies indicates the convergent validity of the Croatian translation of the BERS-2. In comparison with boys, girls have achieved significantly higher results on the measures of school functioning and interpersonal strengths, while the measures of interpersonal strengths and involvement with family were assessed similarly by boys and girls. The results were analysed in the context of the data on the original BERS-2 questionnaire, the data on the verification of its features in other research and with regard to the existing knowledge about behavioural and socio-emotional competencies of adolescents. The limitations of the conducted research, as well as the need for further validation of the BERS-2 questionnaire are presented in the final part of the paper. Key words: adolescents; BERS-2 questionnaire; socio-emotional competencies
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