Physical exercise has demonstrated the potential to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although the results are limited. The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the existing ...evidence on the impact of physical exercise on cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. The study included controlled clinical trials on patients with schizophrenia that received physical exercise as the intervention for improving cognition. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the outcomes were reported using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI).
A total of 22 articles, including 1066 patients (565 in the intervention group and 501 in the control group), were included in the final analysis. Physical exercises significantly improved global cognition (SMD: 0.73, 95 % CI (0.46–1.00), P < 0.001), and aerobic exercise was found to have a more significant effect than resistance and mindfulness exercise (SMD: 0.76, 95 % CI (0.45–1.07), P < 0.001). The speed of processing SMD: 0.88, 95 % CI (0.37–1.38), P = 0.001, attention SMD: 0.61, 95 % CI (0.20–1.02), P = 0.004, and visual learning memory SMD: 1.42, 95 % CI (0.14–2.71), P = 0.03 demonstrated significant improvement after physical exercise, while no significant effects were observed on working memory, verbal learning memory, reasoning and problem-solving, and social cognition.
Exercise can improve overall cognitive function in people with Schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this improvement is significant in specific cognitive domains.
We evaluated the acute effects of yoga compared to cycling on glucose change and variability, and the occurrence of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Fifteen participants performed 50 min ...of cycling or yoga. Glucose values were collected before and after exercise. Coefficient of variation (CV) and hypoglycemic episodes were evaluated from the start up to 12 h after exercise. Cycling and yoga significantly reduced glucose values during exercise, and CV was lower after yoga. One hypoglycemic episode occurred with yoga and seven with cycling. Yoga is a safe exercise that acutely reduces glucose values, but with lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to cycling.
Dyspnea, a prevalent and debilitating symptom in patients with advanced lung cancer, negatively affects symptom burden and prognosis. Physical activity has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological ...intervention for managing dyspnea.
This study compared the effectiveness of two widely-recognized physical activity modalities, namely Tai Chi (TC) and aerobic exercise (AE) for treating dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Patients with advanced lung cancer (n=226) were randomized into TC, AE, or control groups. There was no baseline dyspnea requirement for patients. The AE group received two 60-minute supervised sessions and home-based exercises per month, the TC group received 60-minute sessions twice weekly, and the control group received exercise guidelines for 16 weeks. The primary outcome (sleep quality) of the study has been previously reported. In this secondary analysis, we focused on dyspnea outcomes, including overall and lung cancer-specific dyspnea. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), 16 weeks (T1), and one year (T2).
Compared to the control group, TC significantly improved overall dyspnea at T1 (between-group difference, −8.69; P=0.03) and T2 (between-group difference, −11.45; P=0.01), but not AE. Both AE (between-group difference, −11.04; P=0.01) and TC (between-group difference, −14.19; P<0.001) significantly alleviated lung cancer-specific dyspnea at T2 compared with the control group.
Both TC and AE alleviate dyspnea severity in patients with advanced lung cancer, and continuous exercise can yield substantial improvements. Due to its multi-component nature, Tai Chi has a greater effect on dyspnea.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be having a major impact on physical activity behaviours globally. The pandemic has forced many people around the world to stay at home and ...self-isolate for a period of time. WHO recommends 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for 6-17-yr-olds, and 75 min/wk of vigorous or 150 min/wk of moderate physical activity for adults and elderly, including 3 and 2 days/wk, respectively, with muscle and bone strengthening. Practical recommendations for staying active at home, with aerobic exercise training on a bike or rowing ergometer, bodyweight training, dance and active video gaming, can aid to counteract the detrimental physical and mental side-effects of the COVID-19 protective lifestyle regulations. This commentary provides useful information on home-based physical activity for sedentary people across the lifespan, including children and adolescence, that can be undertaken during the present pandemic or other outbreaks of infectious disease.
Objectives: Exercise physiology is one of the leading branches of applied physiology. It is concerned with studies related to the effect of acute and chronic exercise on mental and physical health ...research in human subjects and animals. There are various methods of physical exercise which have been used in animal studies including rodents. However, the machines available for research purposes are sophisticated and expensive, which also requires an additional annual maintenance cost. The objective is to assemble an efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and humane motorized exercise wheel setup for the study of acute and chronic physical exercise in rodents. Materials and Methods: The motorized rodent exercise wheel was assembled using affordable locally available materials. Results: A cost-effective, efficient model for rodent exercise was built and the total cost of this setup was 32 USD or 2860 INR only. Conclusion: This cost-effective rodent exercise wheel works efficiently for the conduction of exercise-related studies in rodents.
Introduction: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is an interleukin-6-related cytokine with known hypertrophic and protective actions upon cardiac myocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of 1- ...week aerobic exercise on serum levels of cardiotrophin-1 in female patients with hypertension.Methods: in this study, 35 old women aged 50 to 70 were randomly divided into two groups (15 controls and 15 controls). The exercise program included aerobic exercises conducted increasingly 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Before the exercise, and 24 hours after the last session, blood samples and the body composition were taken. Data were collected and analyzed using one-way ANCOVA and Tukey post hoc test at a significant level of P≤0/05.Results: According to the results, twelve weeks of exercise did not significantly affect CT-1 level.Conclusion: Overall, it seems that 12-week aerobic exercise has been beneficial in patients with hypertension and has been improving myocardial function; however, further studies are needed.
Objective: To assess the impact of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on working memory in stroke-induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: Randomized, double-blind controlled study. Subjects ...and methods: Twenty MCI patients from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (December 2021 to February 2023), aged 34–79, 2–12 months post-stroke, were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), each with 10 participants. The EG underwent standard rehabilitation plus 40 minutes of aerobic exercise, while the CG received only standard therapy, 5 times weekly for 2 weeks. Working memory was tested using the n-back task, and overall cognitive function was measured with the MOCA and MMSE Scales before and after the intervention. Results: The EG showed higher 3-back correctness (71.80 ± 14.53 vs 56.50 ± 13.66), MOCA scores (27.30 ± 1.57 vs 24.00 ± 3.13), and improved visuospatial/executive (4.60 ± 0.52 vs 3.30 ± 1.06) and delayed recall (4.30 ± 0.82 vs 3.00 ± 1.56) on the MOCA scale compared with the CG. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may enhance working memory, visuospatial/executive, and delayed recall functions in stroke-induced MCI patients.
Introduction: Exercise is one of the recommended factors to reduce mortality from all types of cancer, especially brain cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the ...expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes in the brain tissue of rats with glioblastoma multiforme after aerobic exercise training. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8): Healthy control, brain tumor, and tumor + aerobic training (AT). Glioblastoma was injected into frontal cortex of rats' brain. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises on the treadmill for four weeks and three days per week at a speed of 18 meters per minute for 25 to 40 minutes. At the end, the rats were sacrificed and Paxillin and PTK2 genes of their brain tissue were analyzed by Real-time PCR method. Histological images with H&E method were also used to confirm the tumor. Results: The tumor group showed increased necrosis and brain tissue damage compared to the healthy control group. In addition, the tumor group showed a significant increase in the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). This was while doing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumor caused a significant decrease in Paxillin and PTK2 compared to the tumor group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Performing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumors can reduce tumor cell strength by reducing the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes (effective in the extracellular matrix). However, more studies are needed in this field.
•Aerobic and resistance exercise typically lead to hypoalgesia in pain-free adults.•Exercise may lead to hypoalgesia or hyperalgesia in people with chronic pain.•Several different factors may ...influence the effect of exercise on pain.
Exercise is considered an important component of effective chronic pain management and it is well-established that long-term exercise training provides pain relief. In healthy, pain-free populations, a single bout of aerobic or resistance exercise typically leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), a generalized reduction in pain and pain sensitivity that occurs during exercise and for some time afterward. In contrast, EIH is more variable in chronic pain populations and is more frequently impaired; with pain and pain sensitivity decreasing, remaining unchanged or, in some cases, even increasing in response to exercise. Pain exacerbation with exercise may be a major barrier to adherence, precipitating a cycle of physical inactivity that can lead to long-term worsening of both pain and disability. To optimize the therapeutic benefits of exercise, it is important to understand how EIH works, why it may be impaired in some people with chronic pain, and how this should be addressed in clinical practice. In this article, we provide an overview of EIH across different chronic pain conditions. We discuss possible biological mechanisms of EIH and the potential influence of sex and psychosocial factors, both in pain-free adults and, where possible, in individuals with chronic pain. The clinical implications of impaired EIH are discussed and recommendations are made for future research, including further exploration of individual differences in EIH, the relationship between exercise dose and EIH, the efficacy of combined treatments and the use of alternative measures to quantify EIH.
This article provides a contemporary review of the acute effects of exercise on pain and pain sensitivity, including in people with chronic pain conditions. Existing findings are critically reviewed, clinical implications are discussed, and recommendations are offered for future research.
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