À l’heure où la bande dessinée numérique fait émerger de nouvelles matérialités, il paraît crucial de repenser les supports de la bande dessinée dans toute leur diversité. Cette introduction à la ...thématique « Bande dessinée et culture matérielle » propose trois chantiers à ouvrir pour penser la matérialité de la bande dessinée : poétique historique du support, inscription dans des usages commerciaux multimédiatiques, conservation et collection d’objets physiques.
Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians Giannini, Edoardo G; Testa, Roberto; Savarino, Vincenzo
CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association journal,
02/2005, Letnik:
172, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Isolated alterations of biochemical markers of liver damage in a seemingly healthy patient can present a challenge for the clinician. In this review we provide a guide to interpreting alterations to ...liver enzyme levels. The functional anatomy of the liver and pathophysiology of liver enzyme alteration are briefly reviewed. Using a schematic approach that classifies enzyme alterations as predominantly hepatocellular or predominantly cholestatic, we review abnormal enzymatic activity within the 2 subgroups, the most common causes of enzyme alteration and suggested initial investigations.
La collection Porpoise Books a été initiée dans la Grande-Bretagne de l’immédiat après-guerre dans le but de proposer aux enfants de beaux albums de fiction à un prix modique. Malheureusement des ...soucis techniques à répétition accompagnés d’erreurs d’appréciation du marché n’ont pas permis de sortir les quatre premiers titres dans les meilleures conditions. Après l’annulation de l’ensemble du projet, la disparition rapide et mystérieuse des (imposants) stocks de livres qui constituaient l’amorce de cette collection reste un mystère.
Abstract A combination of unique stabilizers and mild spray drying process conditions was employed to produce heat-stable measles vaccine powder. Live attenuated measles vaccine from Serum Institute ...of India was formulated with pharmaceutically approved stabilizers, including sugars, proteins, amino acids, polymers, surfactants, and plasticizers, as well as charged ions. In addition, the effects of buffer salt and pH on the storage stability of measles virus were examined. The potency of the dried vaccine stored at several temperatures was quantified by TCID50 assay on Vero cells. As a comparison to other process methods, lead formulations were also subjected to freeze drying and foam drying. The optimized measles vaccine formulation tested at 37 °C was stable for approximately 8 weeks (i.e. time for 1 log TCID50 loss). The measles titer decreased in a bi-phasic manner, with initial rapid loss within the first week but relative stability thereafter. Key stabilizers identified during the formulation screening processes were l -arginine, human serum albumin, and a combination of divalent cations. Spray drying was identified as the optimal processing method for the preparation of dried vaccine, as it generally resulted in negligible process loss and comparable, if not better storage stability, with respect to the other processes. Processing methods and formulation components were developed that produced a measles vaccine stable for up to 8 weeks at 37 °C, which surpassed the WHO requirement for heat stability of 1 week at that temperature.
The aim of this study is to establish a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) system for quantitative analysis of saikosaponin a (SSa) in the crude drug of Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). A 96-well ...microplate coated with rabbit anti-mouse IgG was incubated with the methanol extracts of Chaihu samples and a mouse anti-SSa monoclonal antibody, and a Eu3+-labeled SSa-human serum albumin conjugate was used as the tracer. The established competitive TRFIA showed a good fourth order polynomial fitting from 0.01 to 10.0 μg/mL for standard SSa sample with a detection limit of 0.006 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of the assay were 7.3% and 8.9%, respectively, and the average SSa recovery was 119.2%. For samples of Chaihu extract, the results of this assay showed a good correlation with those by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay established previously. This TRFIA system is ultrasensitive for detecting SSa with a wide detection range and a good stability and represents the first attempt of using TRFIA for quality evaluation of the crude drug of Chaihu.
Cet article explore les flux de traductions de l’album sériel entre la Scandinavie (Suède et Norvège) et la France dans la période 2011-2021. Selon les études structurelles sur la circulation des ...œuvres, des pays de langues dites « dominées » et « périphériques » ou « semi-périphériques », comme la Norvège et la Suède, devraient plus importer d’ouvrages du « centre » (ici la France) que l’inverse. Or, notre étude montre que dans le cas de l’album sériel pour les 3-6 ans, cette hypothèse ne se vérifie pas et que les flux sont déséquilibrés, voire inexistants du centre vers la (semi-)périphérie. Nous constatons que le statut de l’album sériel est conservé lors du passage des frontières entre ces pays. De plus, les albums sériels traduits vers le français présentent presque tous un indice élevé de légitimité littéraire (reconnaissance symbolique des auteurs et des œuvres, nombre limité de titres par série, affirmation d’une créativité graphique et auctoriale) et souvent une mise en relief du contexte scandinave au plan des univers représentés. La fonction sérielle en Scandinavie est rarement mise en avant alors qu’elle peut devenir un argument de vente en France. Les flux de traduction des albums sériels montrent que sérialité, ventes et légitimité littéraire ne semblent pas incompatibles.
Dans l’histoire de l’illustration moderne, c’est-à-dire des années « modernistes » (1910-1930), Banalité de Léon-Paul Fargue (texte), avec des « compositions » de Fabien Loris et Roger Parry, est un ...ouvrage absolument novateur, qui toutefois ne renonce pas à plusieurs aspects traditionnels du grand livre illustré. L’ouvrage se montre inventif par son rapprochement d’un format classique, bien connu des publications pour bibliophiles, et d’un nouveau médium, la photographie, jusque-là tenu à l’écart du marché du livre rare et cher. Cette tentative d’innover à l’intérieur d’une tradition n’est pas étrangère aux transformations de la typographie française telles qu’on les trouve dans Arts et métiers graphiques, la revue qui « adapte » la révolution du Bauhaus au contexte français. Bien qu’il s’agisse à première vue d’une démarche illustrative convenue, où des images s’ajoutent à un écrit préexistant, le travail collectif sur Banalité, dont la maquette et la mise en pages sont tout aussi importantes que les illustrations, transforme le livre fondamentalement nostalgique de Fargue en un maillon presque expérimental de l’histoire de l’illustration en langue française.
Monodispersed poly(
N-isopropylacrylamide-
co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM/AAc) microgels with various contents of acrylic acid (AAc) and cross-linker
N,
N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) were synthesized ...by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The microgels exhibited affinity of binding bovine serum albumin (BSA) with increase of AAc contents. The adsorption amount of BSA was strongly dependent on suspension pH. The maximum adsorption was observed at around pH 4.0, while both low pH and basic conditions induced the rather low adsorption. In addition, AFM images showed that the microgel particles underwent bridging aggregation by loading BSA. The resultant BSA-microgel particles became more hydrophobic after loading BSA. Importantly, the adsorption of BSA onto PNIPAM/AAc microgel was found to alter the swelling/deswelling behavior of the resultant microgel suspensions. With the increase of BSA concentration, the volume phase transition temperature of BSA-microgel particles shifted to the lower temperature.
Purpose
Colloids are administered to more patients than crystalloids, although recent evidence suggests that colloids may possibly be harmful in some patients. The European Society of Intensive Care ...Medicine therefore assembled a task force to compile consensus recommendations based on the current best evidence for the safety and efficacy of the currently most frequently used colloids—hydroxyethyl starches (HES), gelatins and human albumin.
Methods
Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and clinical studies of colloid use were evaluated for the treatment of volume depletion in mixed intensive care unit (ICU), cardiac surgery, head injury, sepsis and organ donor patients. Clinical endpoints included mortality, kidney function and bleeding. The relevance of concentration and dosage was also assessed. Publications from 1960 until May 2011 were included. The quality of available evidence and strength of recommendations were based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
Recommendations and conclusions
We recommend not to use HES with molecular weight ≥200 kDa and/or degree of substitution >0.4 in patients with severe sepsis or risk of acute kidney injury and suggest not to use 6% HES 130/0.4 or gelatin in these populations. We recommend not to use colloids in patients with head injury and not to administer gelatins and HES in organ donors. We suggest not to use hyperoncotic solutions for fluid resuscitation. We conclude and recommend that any new colloid should be introduced into clinical practice only after its patient-important safety parameters are established.
Hypoalbuminemia is a common clinical deficiency in burn patients and is associated with complications related to increased extravascular fluid, including edema, abnormal healing, and susceptibility ...to sepsis. Some prognostic scales do not include biochemical parameters, whereas others consider them together with comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum albumin can predict mortality in burn patients.
We studied burn patients ≥16 years of age who had complete clinical documentation, including the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index, serum albumin, globulin, and lipids. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine the cut-off level of albumin that predicts mortality.
In our analysis of 486 patients, we found that mortality was higher for burns caused by flame (p = 0.000), full-thickness burns (p = 0.004), inhalation injuries (p = 0.000), burns affecting >30% of the body surface area (p = 0.001), and burns associated with infection (p = 0.008). Protein and lipid levels were lower in the patients who died (p<0.05). Albumin levels showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (84% and 83%, respectively), and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.869) had a cut-off of 1.95 g/dL for mortality.
Patients with albumin levels <2 g/dL had a mortality risk of >80%, with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity. At admission, the albumin level could be used as a sensitive and specific marker of burn severity and an indicator of mortality.
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