Choosing and implementing a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm in a photovoltaic (PV) system, along with choosing the power converter, constitutes the fundamental basic capabilities of a ...photovoltaic system. MPPT techniques are implemented in photovoltaic systems to achieve full utilization of PV array output power. Today there is a wide variety of MPPT algorithms, each one has its advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents theoretical, as well as experimental comparison results, in several aspects regarding four MPPT methods based on the basic two MPPT algorithms (Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance), implemented on a single DC/DC converter, under the same experimental conditions. The theoretical and experimental comparison is performed for characteristics of ripple around the MPP and the convergence time. The experimental results are provided and supported by theoretical analysis and show that gradient based methods have better convergence time as well as ripple values in comparison to fixed step methods.
Evolutionary computation has been widely used in computer science for decades. Even though it started as far back as the 1960s with simulated evolution, the subject is still evolving. During this ...time, new metaheuristic optimization approaches, like evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, etc., were being developed and new fields of usage in artificial intelligence, machine learning, combinatorial and numerical optimization, etc., were being explored. However, even with so much work done, novel research into new techniques and new areas of usage is far from over. This book presents some new theoretical as well as practical aspects of evolutionary computation. This book will be of great value to undergraduates, graduate students, researchers in computer science, and anyone else with an interest in learning about the latest developments in evolutionary computation.
Problemi s upravljanjem mnogih procesa u industriji vezani su s nemogućnošću on-line mjerenja nekih važnih procesnih veličina. Ovaj se problem može u značajnoj mjeri riješiti estimacijom ovih ...teško-mjerljivih procesnih veličina. Estimator je pri tome odgovarajući matematički model procesa koji na temelju informacije o ostalim (lako-mjerljivim) procesnim veličinama procjenjuje trenutni iznos teško-mjerljive veličine. Budući da su procesi po prirodi promjenjivi, točnost estimacije zasnovane na modelu procesa izgra.enog na starim podacima u pravilu opada s vremenom. Kako bi se ovo izbjeglo, parametre modela procesa je potrebno kontinuirano prepodešavati kako bi model što bolje opisivao (trenutno) vladanje procesa. Ovisno o tipu matematičkog modela, za prepodešavanje njegovih parametara na raspolaganju je više metoda. Kao osnova estimatora teško-mjerljive veličine u radu se koristi PLSR model procesa, dok se njegovi parametri prepodešavaju na više načina – metodom pomičnog prozora, rekurzivnim NIPALS algoritmom, rekurzivnim kernel algoritmom te Just-in-Time Learning metodom. Svojstva navedenih metoda adaptacije PLSR modela procesa ispitana su na odabranom primjeru. Nadalje, metode adaptacije su analizirane i s obzirom na računalnu i memorijsku zahtjevnost.
I progetti di costruzione devono soddisfare requisiti in termini di tempi, costi e qualità e il Project Management è fondamentalmente concentrato su questo compromesso. In ogni progetto questi tre ...parametri sono interdipendenti: non si può modificare un elemento senza influenzare almeno uno degli altri due. Questo lavoro presenta l’uso di una tecnica di intelligenza artificiale per la pianificazione delle attività di un progetto infrastrutturale, in vista di una ottimizzazione multi obbiettivo in termini di tempi-costi-qualità. L’approccio si basa sull’utilizzo di algoritmi genetici, implementati in Matlab, per valutare set di combinazioni di opzioni per le attività di costruzione. Lo scopo è quello di fornire una tecnica efficace per esplorare adeguatamente tutte le possibili configurazioni progettuali.
U radu je opisana optimizacija skalarnih matematičkih funkcija i multikriterijska optimizacija putanje četveropolužnog mehanizma zasnovana na genetičkim algoritmima. Genetičkim se algoritmom ...optimiziraju parametri Hoekenovog četveropolužnog mehanizma koji na jednom dijelu putanje aproksimira pravocrtno gibanje. Problem optimizacije parametara četvoropolužnog mehanizma promatra se kao dvokriterijski jer je potrebno zadovoljiti položaj krajnje točke mehanizma po x-osi i po y-osi. Algoritam realiziran u JavaScript programskom jeziku optimizira parametre Hoekenovog mehanizma koji su sintetizirani u programskom alatu SAM 6.0.
HIV/AIDS surveillance data indicate that, in 2008, approximately one-fourth of all HIV infections in adults remain undiagnosed in Italy and that close to 60% of Aids diagnosed individuals discovered ...their seropositivity at the diagnosis of AIDS. Late diagnosis of HIV infection is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and increased cost to healthcare services. From a public health perspective, knowledge of HIV status is associated with a reduction in risk behaviour. Thus, a routine screening for HIV infection is important for both a better prognostic outcome, and control of HIV spreading in the population. In Italy there are not shared guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis. In this paper, we suggest two algorithms that can be adopted for the diagnosis of HIV infection in individuals undergoing HIV testing.
U radu je predstavljen istraživačko-razvojni projekt (engl. Industrial Research and Innovation - IRI) novog sustava zaštite, mjerenja i upravljanja za primjenu u elektroenergetskom sustavu (EES). ...Sustav zaštite, mjerenja i upravljanja koristi nove funkcionalnosti - kako zaštitne tako i komunikacijske, poboljšale su se i objedinile postojeće funkcionalnosti, te znatno proširilo područje primjene. Projekt je dio cjelokupnog razvoja nove platforme naprednih mikroprocesorskih ugradbenih sustava (engl. Embedded Systems) za regulaciju, zaštitu i upravljanje u EES-u. Nova platforma temelji se na distribuiranim modularnim funkcijama (hardverskim i softverskim) koje se komunikacijski povezuju u cjeloviti napredni sustav. Tehničko-ekonomska opravdanost projekta povećava se jer se na istoj platformi, kao izvedenice, kasnije mogu realizirati i drugi slični uređaji za regulaciju i upravljanje procesima u elektroenergetici.
There exist many problems regarding process control in the process industry since some of the important variables cannot be measured online. This problem can be significantly solved by estimating ...these difficult-to-measure process variables. In doing so, the estimator is in fact an appropriate mathematical model of the process which, based on information about easy-to-measure process variables, estimates the current value of the difficult- to-measure variable. Since processes are usually time-varying, the precision of the estimation based on the process model which is built on old data is decreasing over time. To avoid estimator accuracy degradation, model parameters should be continuously updated in order to track process behavior. There are a couple of methods available for updating model parameters depending on the type of process model. In this paper, PLSR process model is chosen as the basis of the difficult-to-measure process variable estimator while its parameters are updated in several ways-by the moving window method, recursive NIPALS algorithm, recursive kernel algorithm and Just-in-Time learning algorithm. Properties of these adaptive methods are explored on a simulated example. Additionally, the methods are analyzed in terms of computational load and memory requirements.
Umjetna inteligencija je sve više dio naše svakodnevnice. Sastavni je dio našega poslovnog okruženja, obrazovanja, kućanstva, svakodnevnog iskustva i slobodnog vremena. Predviđa se da će biti jedan ...od najvećih pokretača gospodarskoga rasta. Dok je prije nekoliko desetljeća možda i bila dvojba treba li ta pitanja uopće regulirati, današnji ubrzani razvoj nameće potrebu razmatranja pristupa i metode regulacije. Prisutna je dvojba koliko se uopće mogu regulirati novi tehnološki procesi koji se neprestano mijenjaju i napreduju. Zbog toga je vrlo važno definirati određene procese. Poteškoća je što se stalno otvaraju nova područja i novi elementi te nema sveobuhvatne i opće definicije pojma umjetne inteligencije. U radu će se ukazati na aktualne izazove umjetne inteligencije u Europskoj uniji. Na primjeru sigurnosti proizvoda i odgovornosti za štetu izazvanu uporabom sustava umjetne inteligencije te uporabom algoritama u pravu tržišnog natjecanja raspravit će se potreba uvođenja novih, odnosno prilagodba postojećih pravnih pravila.
Zaključuje se kako su nužna minimalna zajednička pravila koja će uspostaviti ravnotežu između razvoja i promicanja inovacija te potrebe za pravnom sigurnošću uz poštovanje moralnih, etičkih i socioloških standarda.
Artificial Intelligence is increasingly becoming part of our everyday life. It is an important component of our business surroundings, education, household, everyday experience and leisure. It is expected to become one of the main drivers of economic growth. If there were any doubts about the necessity of its regulation few decades ago, today’s rapid development imposes the need to decide on the method and approach to regulation. The quandary is about boundaries of possible regulation of the new technological processes as they are constantly changing and developing. Certain practices need to be defi ned. New areas and elements are emerging constantly. There is no single comprehensive and general defi nition of the notion of artifi cial intelligence. The challenges for artifi cial intelligence in the European Union will be revealed. The rules on product safety and liability for damage caused by the use of artificial intelligence, as well as the use of algorithms in competition law will be analysed in order to evaluate whether the introduction of new rules or adaptation of existing ones is necessary. The minimum common rules are required to strike a balance between the future development and promotion of innovation, while preserving legal certainty and respect for moral, ethical and social standards.
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