Ambient vulnerability Robinson, Caitlin; Williams, Joe
Global environmental change,
January 2024, 2024-01-00, Letnik:
84
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•We develop the new concept of ambient vulnerability.•We frame ambient vulnerabilities as those in our immediate, surrounding environment.•We argue that unequal power relations are embedded within ...the ambient environment.•We illustrate how ambient vulnerabilities can accumulate, intensifying one another.
In this paper we introduce the concept of ambient vulnerability. Ambience concerns the overlapping and shifting material forms that constitute a person’s surroundings – including (but not limited to) air quality, flow, temperature, humidity, noise and light – that contribute to their health, wellbeing and (dis)comfort. Building on a growing movement across a range of disciplines towards the study of socialmaterial relations, we suggest that ambience is an important approach for critically understanding the complex interconnections among nature, society, and technology in the production of lived ecologies. The vulnerability framing locates our expressly political understanding of ambience, reflecting and reinforcing social inequalities. Moreover, different types of vulnerability across the dimensions of the ambient environment are interdependent and accumulate, often intensifying one another. We delineate some of the key features of ambient vulnerability, specifically: cumulative impacts; permeability; unevenness; phenomenological differentiation; and multiple temporalities. The paper shows how ambient environments are shifting and complex, a turbulent milieu of contextual factors, but they are essential to our understanding of social and ecological vulnerability in the 21st century.
Traditional carbon materials have demonstrated immense potential in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their superior electrical properties and environmental stability. Graphdiyne (GDY), as an ...emerging carbon allotrope, features uniformly distributed pores, endless design flexibility, and unique electronic character compared with traditional carbon materials. Herein, graphdiyne is introduced into the upper part of the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) layer by utilizing a GDY‐containing antisolvent during the one‐step synthesis of perovskite. Intriguingly, GDY plays an essential role in hole accumulation and transportation because of its higher Fermi level than perovskite. As a result, the automatic separation of photogenerated carriers inside the perovskite film is achieved. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier formed on the interface between perovskite and GDY guarantees the unidirectional hole transport from perovskite to GDY, thereby benefiting further extraction to the hole transport layer. Consequently, GDY‐modified perovskite‐based planar PSCs exhibit a boosted Jsc of 24.21 mA cm−2 and up to 19.6% power conversion efficiency owing to the increased efficient light utilization and charge extraction. The device with GDY modification exhibits less than 10% shrinkage after a month in ambience. Overall, this work demonstrates an easy method for the utilization of GDY to boost the charge extraction and environmental stability in PSCs.
Graphdiyne (GDY) serves as the hole accumulator and transporter in the perovskite layer for stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells. Benefiting from the higher Fermi level of GDY than perovskite, the unidirectional hole transport from perovskite to GDY is ensured, and the charge separation ability and environmental stability of perovskite are significantly improved.
•Established a discrete electrochemical–thermal model of lithium-ion battery.•Updated model parameters according to battery internal temperature.•Validated the model under different current and ...temperature conditions.•Simulated the ‘trough’ phenomenon at −20 °C successfully.
The internal temperature of lithium-ion battery affects the battery parameters during discharge and charge process, and the low-temperature environment has a particularly significant impact on the performance of the lithium-ion battery. In this paper, a simplified discrete electrochemical model adapts to a wide temperature range is developed. Based on Pseudo-Two-Dimension (P2D) model, we simplify the governing equation to describe the solid and solution diffusion by fitting the lithium-ion concentration in the form of parabolas. Analysis of the heat generation and dissipation conditions of lithium-ion batteries is conducted, and a concentrated mass thermal model is established to describe the internal temperature changes of batteries. The parameters involved in the electrochemical model are also updated accordingly. Finally, an electrochemical–thermal coupling model is established. In order to verify the cell potential difference simulation accuracy of the model, the constant current discharge conditions, DST (Dynamic Stress Test) in the ambience above 0 °C and the multi-stage current discharge conditions in the ambience below 0 °C is carried out. The results show that the model with parameters update significantly improves the accuracy of simulation, especially at low temperature (−20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C). What's more, the model with parameter update can simulate the potential difference's ‘trough’ phenomenon in the constant current phase of the pulse discharge at -20°C better than the model without parameter update.
•Explosion characteristics of hydrogen/air mixtures were studied.•Effects of initial turbulent intensity on explosion were studied.•Effects of equivalence ratio on turbulent explosion were ...studied.•Maximum pressure, explosion duration, fast explosion duration were analyzed.•Maximum rate of pressure rise, deflagration index, and heat loss were analyzed.
Explosion always occur in turbulent ambience, but few researches focusing on the effects of turbulence on explosion characteristics has been performed in the current. In the present investigation, the effects of initial turbulence on the explosion characteristics of stoichiometric and rich hydrogen-air mixtures were experimentally studied and analyzed on the basis of explosion pressure traces. Maximum explosion pressure, explosion duration, maximum rate of pressure rise, fast explosion duration, deflagration index, and the averaged heat flux through the wall during explosion were systematically examined. The results indicated that, turbulence will reduced the corresponding equivalence ratio to maximum rate of pressure rise but won’t change the corresponding equivalence ratios to maximum explosion pressure and two explosion durations. In turbulent ambience, two explosion durations will decline for the accelerated propagation of pressure wave, the values of maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise will be raised for the reduced heat flux through the vessel’s wall during explosion. In addition, turbulence raises the value of deflagration index, namely it raises the hazardous level.
The crystal-ion-slicing technology is a promising technology for fabricating high-quality single crystal piezoelectric thin films. This work attempted to investigate the influence of annealing ...ambience on the properties of LiTaO3 thin films fabricated by crystal-ion-slicing
technology. Here, two 4-inch 42° rotated Y-X propagation LiTaO3 thin films were fabricated, as well as the LiTaO3 thin films were annealed in vacuum and O2 environment, respectively. The results demonstrate that the LiTaO3 thin films annealed
in O2 environment possesses more homogeneous and denser structure and fewer defects. The Zratio of the resonators fabricated on the LiTaO3 thin films annealed in O2 environment is approximately 85.3 dB and the Q-factor reaches 5107, indicating the
excellent piezoelectric properties of thin films.
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•Indium tin oxide nanotubes with different Sn doping concentrations were synthesized by electrospinning.•A specific response has been proposed to better characterize the sensing ...performances of gas sensors.•Facilitated transport channel for electrons can benefit the decrease in working temperatures.•Oxygen vacancies can mainly affect the sensitivity of gas sensor.
It’s demonstrated that the defects induced by doping can greatly influence the sensing properties of oxide-based gas sensors. In this work, the authors have designed indium tin oxide nanotubes (ITO NTs) with different Sn doping concentrations. Results showed that the walls of ITO NTs are comprised of the formed ITO and redundant In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) at low doping concentration, and the doping-induced oxygen vacancies (Vo··S) can be tuned by Sn concentrations. Series of sensing tests to formaldehyde gas indicated that the ITO-7 NTs show the lowest working temperature (160 °C) and the highest specific response. Here, It is noted that to eliminate the influence of the coating amount of sensing performances, a concept of specific response was proposed i.e., Rair/(m–Rgas), where Rair and Rgas respectively stand for the resistances of gas sensors in the reference gas (in air this case) and in the test gas ambience, and m stands for the mass of the coated sensing materials. The decreased working temperature could be attributed to the formed In2O3 NPs/ITO tubular structure, and the enhanced specific response might be mainly associated with the Vo··S. Furthermore, a possible gas sensing enhancing mechanism via Vo··S for ITO-based gas sensors was proposed based on our results and analysis. This research would give some instructive advice to design high-performances oxide-based gas sensors via tuning the Vo··S.
Mental Health Atmospheres Video Games : New Directions in Game Research II Jimena Aguilar Rodríguez, Federico Alvarez Igarzábal, Michael S. Debus, Curtis L. Maughan, Su-Jin Song, Miruna Vozaru, Felix Zimmermann / Jimena Aguilar Rodríguez, Federico Alvarez Igarzábal, Michael S. Debus, Curtis L. Maughan, Su-Jin Song, Miruna Vozaru, Felix Zimmermann
10/2022, Letnik:
15
eBook
Odprti dostop
Gaming has never been disconnected from reality. When we engage with ever more lavish virtual worlds, something happens to us. The game imposes itself on us and influences how we feel about it, the ...world, and ourselves. How do games accomplish this and to what end? The contributors explore the video game as an atmospheric medium of hitherto unimagined potential. Is the medium too powerful, too influential? A danger to our mental health or an ally through even the darkest of times? This volume compiles papers from the Young Academics Workshop at the Clash of Realities conferences of 2019 and 2020 to provide answers to these questions.
The intermingling of novel imidazolium salt (HL 1 -Br) and Cu(OAc) 2 has been marked down as a highly efficient catalytic system for Buchwald–Hartwig-type C–N coupling of a variety of amines with ...(hetero) aryl bromides/chlorides. In contrast to the whole realm of C−N coupling, the developed protocol is facilitated under base-, solvent-, and inert-gas-free conditions. The established NHC-based imidazolium salt 3-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H -imidazo-3-ium bromide (HL 1 -Br) along with Cu cooperate to undergo various types of diversification. This broadens the range of C–N coupling in numerous applications and gives rise to innovative solutions for challenges in catalytic, synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. The developed reaction proceeds at 110 °C and produces a broad spectrum of substrates in good to excellent yields.
This article aims at problematizing, from an aesthetic perspective, the contemporary “atmospheric turn”. From a confrontation between French impressionist painting and the painting of the Danish ...Vilhelm Hammershøi (1864-1916), we thus distinguish three concepts, which define three different aesthetic paths: — the ambience, appropriate to the Impressionists and the philosophies of the situation or, as we will say, of the surroundings; — the atmosphere, implied by the painting as it is thought by a certain French philosophy of the 20th century (Deleuze, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas); — finally, the silence, specific to Hammershøi’s painting. Could this silence, without ambiance or atmosphere, define an art of the common freed from the atmospheric turn?
Abstract
This study presents the new look on the dormitory's territory, which is located in Jedlikova 5, Kosice, Slovakia. Landscaping design has a significant impact on people, and touches both ...aesthetic and physical needs, environmental integrity of the area and has an impact on nature habitants. Good landscaping helps to provide a conducive living environment for students by creating needful places for recreation, physical education and studying, as well as producing the natural and healthy ambience to the surrounding by using green roofs, creating a pond for collection of rainwater and planting a lot of greenery. The study framework covers aspects, which are related to the ecological state of the territory, existing environmental problems, natural features and needs of the residents of the dormitory. The aim of the study is to create such a sustainable space, where both students and nature will be in harmony.
