Pathophysiology of Mummification Fulcheri, Ezio
Journal of Biological Research,
09/2021, Letnik:
80, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Italian mummies are a biological, historical, and cultural heritage of significant value.
However, only in the past few years has this heritage been properly appreciated, quite recently if compared ...to the history of Paleopathology. Its importance in quantitative terms and the abundance of biological, anthropological, and medical information offered to researchers are more and more appreciated. ...
Lake Garda, the largest in Italy, is a major source of water supply inserted in a trans-regional area, sustaining an ever-increasing variety of water interests since the XX century. We perform a ...multidecadal (1928-2020) water balance, estimating the long-term evolution of the input and output components under changing anthropogenic and climatic stressors. First, we present our hydrometeorological database, assembled through a consistent effort of collection and digitization of data from different sources. Then, we analyse the annual water balance, assessing the magnitude of the residual term, i.e. the unknown term that embeds uncertainties and potential sources of error, closing the water balance equation. Uncertainties are investigated by applying a multi-method analysis for over-lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration. Land use evolution, contributions from the Mount Baldo area as well as the potential role of groundwater fluxes are additionally analysed. Eventually, we compute a sensitivity analysis to delineate the role of each component on the lake’s level and outflow variations. The long-term analysis allows for distinguishing some trends in the input and output components of the water balance. Differences emerge in the periods before and after the lake’s impoundment (1951), and some effects of climate modifications appear in the last decades. Precipitation over the basin has a major influence on the water availability within the basin, a result confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. The entity of the residual term, which represents the unaccounted contributions, calls into question the role of the groundwater fluxes and the time scale of the analysis. The multi-method analysis highlights the dependency of the different lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration methods on the amount of data available.
This study investigated the impact of 'storage condition' and 'period of storage' on selected physico-mechanical properties and fracture reliability of a resin-based composite (RBC). Specimens, ...prepared from a nanofilled RBC (Filtek Z350 XT; 3M ESPE), underwent tests for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (σ), flexural modulus (E), and hardness. The specimens were initially grouped into dry storage at 37°C or wet storage in distilled water at 37°C. Subsequently, they were further divided into four subgroups based on the period of storage: 6, 24, 72, or 168 hours. Specimens tested immediately after preparation served as control. Data analysis employed two-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis (α = 5%). Compared to the control, an increase in DC was observed only after 72 hours of dry storage; σ showed higher values after both dry and wet storage, regardless of the storage period (except for the group wet-stored for 168 hours); E increased with dry storage for at least 24 hours or wet storage for 72 hours; and hardness increased after dry storage for at least 24 hours or wet storage for up to 72 hours. The Weibull modulus remained unchanged under any of the distinct storage conditions. Dry storage resulted in greater characteristic strength than the control, whereas wet storage contributed to higher strength values only at shorter periods (up to 24 hours). Overall, the inherent properties of RBCs with a similar composition to that tested in this study may change with varying storage conditions and periods.This study investigated the impact of 'storage condition' and 'period of storage' on selected physico-mechanical properties and fracture reliability of a resin-based composite (RBC). Specimens, prepared from a nanofilled RBC (Filtek Z350 XT; 3M ESPE), underwent tests for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (σ), flexural modulus (E), and hardness. The specimens were initially grouped into dry storage at 37°C or wet storage in distilled water at 37°C. Subsequently, they were further divided into four subgroups based on the period of storage: 6, 24, 72, or 168 hours. Specimens tested immediately after preparation served as control. Data analysis employed two-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis (α = 5%). Compared to the control, an increase in DC was observed only after 72 hours of dry storage; σ showed higher values after both dry and wet storage, regardless of the storage period (except for the group wet-stored for 168 hours); E increased with dry storage for at least 24 hours or wet storage for 72 hours; and hardness increased after dry storage for at least 24 hours or wet storage for up to 72 hours. The Weibull modulus remained unchanged under any of the distinct storage conditions. Dry storage resulted in greater characteristic strength than the control, whereas wet storage contributed to higher strength values only at shorter periods (up to 24 hours). Overall, the inherent properties of RBCs with a similar composition to that tested in this study may change with varying storage conditions and periods.
One of the consequences of deforestation is the spread of critical land both inside and outside the forest area. Agroforestry or intercropping is developed to provide benefits and improve welfare for ...the community, and to optimize the results of a form of sustainable land use to ensure and improve food needs. Eucalyptus is one type of plant that is suitable for forest land rehabilitation because of its ability to live on marginal lands. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of eucalyptus oil business and formulate business sustainability development from seven aspects/feasibility parameters, which are namely: (1) legal aspects, (2) social, economic and cultural aspects, (3) market aspects, (4) management and human resources, (5) risk management aspects, (6) technical aspects, and (7) financial aspects. Meanwhile, to find out whether the eucalyptus business activity as a whole can be sustainable, and its development model, a sustainability analysis was carried out using the cobweb (Amoeba) method. Within the framework of sustainability, eucalyptus concessions must make changes and innovations (Estimated business feasibility on a planting area of 5,200 ha obtained a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp. 950,734,956,062, - with a discounted interest rate of 12% shows that the eucalyptus oil industry will get a net profit of Rp 7,076,409,779,281, - BC Ratio of 12.56, Interest Rate of Return (IRR) of 55%, Payback Period in the 5th year 4 months shows that in a period of 5 years and 4 months from the investment can be returned from business revenues. The results showed that the seven aspects/parameters were declared feasible and continued with a sustainability analysis and concluded that the eucalyptus oil concession was declared sustainable.
The increase of railway track occupancy due to high speed trains introduction in the morning and cross-border transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous materials during late hours, require ...particular attention for the fatigue design as well as the maintenance planning of railway superstructures. For this purpose, strategies finalized to increase the fatigue strength of railway structural parts assume great interest for railway engineers. Cold expansion technique, for example, is less expensive than other mechanical and thermal treatments, but in the literature there are no data concerning its use in the railway field, being almost all available studies focused on aluminum parts. In this paper, fatigue crack growth response of drilled specimens extracted from rails submitted or not to cold expansion are presented. Two degree of cold-expansion, 2% and 4%, are investigated in terms of fatigue crack growth rate, and the results compared to those obtained with not-expanded specimens. It is found that cold expansion postpones fatigue crack initiation, and that this effect is more pronounced for increasing degree of cold expansion. A preliminary predictive model was developed, based on the sum of the Stress Intensity Factors calculated with the weight functions and concerning the residual stress field induced by cold expansion, and the one generated by the external loads.
Indonesia's economy, cattle farming industry and beef pricing have failed to satisfy the community's requirements. Because of the low productivity of beef cattle, the government is forced to import ...beef to fulfil customer demand, one of which is imported frozen from Australia. Because of the scarcity of local beef, the average price of local beef is $8.32 per kilogram, which is more than imported beef, and local beef demand is much greater. Many people with a lower middle income find it challenging to consume beef because of the current price situation. As a result of this occurrence, research must be conducted using a value chain analysis technique to determine the source of the high price of local beef. The findings of this study potentially resulted in a 35% drop in consumer selling value from the current pricing.
The use of forestry and agricultural biomass for pellet production represents a significant opportunity to strengthen a sustainable economy characterized by reducing dependence on fossil fuels and ...more efficient protection of the environment. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the current state of research on the use of forestry and agricultural biomass for pellets production, fostering awareness of their potential for energy production. In the development of the work, various research stages and techniques were used. These included the analysis of international trade data wood pellets, literature review of research dynamics on agricultural biomass pellet production from last decade, identification of articles from prestigious journals to highlight key trends and concerns in research, analysis of research concentration areas, and investigation and analysis of collaboration networks among researchers and institutions. These methodological approaches have contributed to the creation of a comprehensive and updated work, providing a deeper and clearer understanding of the researched topic. The European Union represents a major force in the global consumption of wood pellets, with demand for this product steadily increasing. Additionally, Romania has significant exports of wood pellets to other European countries, indicating considerable potential for the development of the pellet industry in the country. Furthermore, the literature emphasizes the importance of non-wood biomass, such as agricultural residues, as a crucial source for pellet production. The literature review reveals an increasing focus on biomass pellets in recent years, with research concentrating on various domains such as biotechnology, energy fuels, and sustainable green technology.
Currently, climate change is significantly impacting historic cities, altering energy demands, and influencing tourism patterns. In this context, the analysis of extensive datasets derived from ...satellite imagery offers a means to monitor the effects of climate change on both urban and territorial scales.
Art-Risk 5.0 is an open digital tool designed to easily track temperature variations, precipitation patterns, urban heat islands, and vegetation health using satellite resources. The applications in two historic cities in southern Spain, Almeria and Sevilla was analyzed to assess the impact of climate change.
The outcomes of Art-Risk 5.0 have provided valuable data for diagnosing the impact of climate change in these historic cities. The major climatic hazards identified in southern Spain are high temperatures, torrential rainfall, and droughts. Additionally, over the past 20 years, an increase in maximum temperatures and drought intensity has been observed in Sevilla and Almeria. On the urban scale, urban heat islands are concentrated in neighborhoods with limited green and blue infrastructure.
The ability to analyze time series of climate data from satellite images makes Art-Risk 5.0 an extremely useful tool for monitoring the impact of climate change and promoting sustainable adaptation policies.
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•The doubled haploid technology is used in maize to reduce the time to obtain homozygous lines.•The method most used for identification of haploid seeds is visual analysis.•The ...expression of the R1-nj gene may vary among different genotypes, which reduces the visual analysis accuracy.•NIR together with multivariate methods, is an alternative for identification of haploids in maize.•The NIR analysis associated with PLS-DA model shows 100% performance in haploids selection.
Haploids in maize are selected through visual analysis, whether by use of expression of the R1-navajo marker in seeds, or by the phenotype of haploid plants in the field. These methods of identification of haploid plants demand space, resources, and time. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), together with multivariate calibration methods, is an alternative for identification of haploid seeds and plants in a quick and accurate way. The aim of the present study was to use NIR to classify haploid and diploid seeds and differentiate haploid, doubled haploid, and diploid plants originating from different genotypes used as donor. In the first experiment, haploid and diploid maize seeds were analyzed from four genotypes used as parents. In another experiment, diploid, haploid, and doubled haploid plants from 34 source populations were evaluated and differentiated. Spectral data were collected from all the seed and leaf samples using the portable MicroNIR device. Then the data were pre-processed by principal component analysis and by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The use of the portable MicroNIR, together with the PLS-DA method, enabled classification of haploid and diploid seeds and haploid, doubled haploid, and diploid plants with 100% accuracy, constituting a fast, simple, non-destructive, and reliable methodology for identification of haploids in maize, and it is more effective than the visual analysis.
Many of the variables that describe property attributes are continuous. Additionally, during the digitization of the real estate market, analysts have access to a large amount of information. This ...overload of information (many observations, many attributes) makes it difficult to analyse the data and identify patterns. For continuous variables, therefore, discretization is recommended, which among other things: speeds up calculations, increases the transparency of results, facilitates interpretation, allows the use of variables with outliers.
The subject of the study is a mixed property offered for sale. The authors study the time of sale of properties depending on their area, using the method of duration analysis and the Kaplan-Meier estimator. However, these methods require attributes to be in categorical, nominal or symbolic form. In real estate research, continuous variables are most often discretized using expert knowledge and a lack of proposed solutions to this problem in the literature. There is also a lack of research on comparing the effectiveness of different discretization methods. Therefore, the paper proposes a discretization of real estate area according to thirteen selected methods. The result of the discretization should be, among others, disjoint intervals and significantly different time of sale in selected subgroups, which was the basis for assessing the effectiveness of selected methods.
Due to the large number of observations (3,732), methods referring to the number of observations and the range of values proved unsuitable, with equal-frequency methods generating a larger number of classes than equal-width methods. As a result of using methods discretizing the variable into too few classes (4), selling time did not differ significantly among subgroups. The best results were obtained using the minimum entropy method and expert indication of the interval span. The results can be used in the practice of selling residential real estate, as preliminary information about the time of sale depending on the area of the flat.
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