•The calculation method of voxel size is analyzed from the perspective of viewer.•The influence of aberration of the light optical control element on the DOF is analyzed.•The optical parameters and ...structure of the light control element have been redesigned.•The aspherical symmetric compound lens has been proposed and optimized for its optical characteristics.•A new generation of 3D light field fusion display system has been constructed.
The three-dimensional (3D) light field fusion display system based on flat panel light field display (LFD) can effectively expand the depth of field (DOF) of the LFD. However, its viewing angle is narrow, which makes it difficult to reconstruct more comprehensive information of the 3D scene. In addition, the crosstalk caused by the aberration of the light control element used in the system causes aliasing in the images perceived by the viewer, reducing the quality of the 3D images. In order to achieve a high-quality 3D light field fusion display system with a large viewing angle and DOF, the calculation method of voxel size and the influence of aberration of light control element on DOF are analyzed in this paper. Based on the above analysis, the optical parameters and structure of the light control element have been redesigned, and the aspherical symmetric compound lens has been proposed and optimized for its optical characteristics using a reverse optical path scheme. A new generation of 3D light field fusion display system using optimized aspherical symmetric compound lens has been constructed and optical verification experiments have been conducted. The optical experimental results of the enlarged comparison image of the details and the comparison image of the entire viewpoint image show that the display effect of the system using optimized aspherical symmetric compound lens has improved significantly in terms of clarity and color performance compared to before. The viewing angle of the system has increased from 50° to 80°, which verifies the correctness and reliability of the DOF analysis method and the new structure of the light control element.
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among the foot progression angle, foot rotation angle, lower limb alignment, and knee adduction moments in patients with degenerative ...knee osteoarthritis (OA). Subjects Forty-eight patients diagnosed with degenerative knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2 and 3) were included. Methods To assess the lower extremity alignment and weight-bearing ratio, static radiographic measurement was used. Foot progression angle, foot rotation angle, and knee adduction moments were measured by using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Results The results of this study were as follows: the foot progression angle in the early and late stance phase was significantly correlated with the first and second peak knee adduction moments; the weight-bearing ratio was significantly correlated with the first and second peak knee adduction moments; and the tibiofemoral angle was significantly correlated with the first and second peak knee adduction moments. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that as the foot progression angle and the foot lateral rotation angle increased, the knee adduction moment decreased. The weight-bearing ratio and tibiofemoral angle assessment with mechanical axis alignment were correlated with the knee adduction moments. These parameters may be helpful for selecting therapeutic options for patients with degenerative knee OA.
Lietuvoje ir kitose šalyse, kur visų lygių švietimo institucijose požiūris į kalbos ir dalyko integruotą mokymą(si) vis dar atsargus ir nenuolatinis, mokymas šiuo metodu edukologams dar kelia daug ...klausimų. Dalyko mokytojų mokymas dirbti pagal IDKM (integruoto dalyko ir kalbos mokymo) metodiką apima ištisą kalbos aspektų spektrą, kuriame žodynui pagrįstai tenka vienas svarbiausių vaidmenų. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti pagrindines IDKM žodyno sudedamąsias dalis, t. y. dalyko terminų žodyną, dažnai vartojamų akademinių terminų žodyną ir metakognityviems įgūdžiams ugdyti reikalingą kalbą, bei įvertinti, kaip šias sudedamąsias dalis naudojo dalyko mokytojai per dvejus IDKM metodikos mokymo programos Vilniaus universitete metus. Straipsnyje išryškinamos svarbiausios IDKM žodyno ypatybės, siūloma mokant mokytojus IDKM metodikos daugiau dėmesio skirti tekstinės medžiagos rengimui. Tai aiškinama tuo, kad dalyko mokytojai jau pripažįsta dominuojantį tam tikro dalyko žodyno vaidmenį, tačiau jiems sunkiau yra suvokti, kad dažnai vartojamų akademinių terminų žodynų ir metakognityvių įgūdžių kalba taip pat yra tos pačios visumos dalis, o todėl ir neatsiejama jų darbo dalis. Kartu su nevisiškai susiformavusia gimtosios kalbos kompetencija, IDKM dalyko mokytojai jaučiasi metodiškai nevisaverčiais, o tai tik patvirtina ilgalaikio profesinio tobulinimosi poreikį.
Private toll roads have experienced a notable worldwide expansion in the last two decades. In the early 1990s, many countries began to offer motorway concessions to private investors, most notably in ...Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe. In the late 1990s and 2000s, the innovation spread to countries in Asia, North America and Western Europe. The Spanish construction companies have been awarded many more concessions than their main rivals together, and they have become prominent in many of the countries with the most significant toll road programs. This paper analyses the competitive advantages that the Spanish companies have enjoyed in the international toll road industry in the last two decades. We argue that they have benefited from the fact that their home country was a pioneer in offering motorway concessions; from a cultural advantage in dealing with Latin America; and from their decision to integrate construction, concession, and investor functions in a single company. The paper also analyses to what extent the road concessions the Spaniards have won are generally profitable.
Aquest article presenta una proposta per a l’ensenyament de la pronunciació de l’espanyol com a llengua segona i estrangera (ELSE) fent ús d’una metodologia basada en l’enfocament per tasques. ...Aquesta s’emmarca dins d’un curs d’immersió per a angloparlants de nivell intermig. A més, el model que es presenta integra el desenvolupament de les habilitats lingüístiques orals, comprensió auditiva i expressió oral, amb l’ensenyament de la pronunciació.
One of the main advantages of warm mix asphalt (WMA) used as an alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA), is to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures. This laboratory study was conducted ...with the aim of determining physical properties of WMA mixes produced using foam bitumen technology (WMA-Foam), while applying different mixing and compaction temperatures. The effect of laboratory compaction method on mix properties was also investigated.
WMA-Foam mixes were produced, adding a soft bitumen to coarse aggregate particles at the first stage, then a hard bitumen, transformed into foam bitumen using a laboratory foam making device, was directly added to aggregates at the next stage. Compaction was performed separately applying both Marshall and gyratory compactors (GC) at different temperatures. Marshall Stability and void contents of the samples were determined as two major parameters for characterizing WMA-Foam mixes. Moisture susceptibility and rutting potential of WMA-Foam samples were evaluated using indirect tensile strength (ITS) and wheel tracking tests. In addition, separate samples were prepared, in which hydrated lime powder was added as an anti-stripping agent to improve adhesion properties of the mixes.
Comparing the results of WMA-Foam mixes with control HMA of the same content, resulted in mixes with similar properties of the control HMA, with appreciably lower production and compaction temperatures of the former. It was also resulted that mixes compacted with gyratory compactor were less sensitive to temperature variations than those compacted with Marshall Hammer.
Consideration of the Aspects of the Transportation Systems Microscopic Model Application as Part of a Decision Support System
The article presents the experience in using decision support system ...(DSS) when managing urban transport system (UTS) and a possibility of using microscopic modelling as an integral part of the decision-support system (DSS) when managing the urban TS. To illustrate the problem and a possible DSS-based solution, an example of a specific project has been examined, where microscopic modelling was used for the analysis of possible reconstruction of a transport system (TS) fragment in the city of Riga, - which was performed in 2010 in the laboratory of applied software systems of the Transport and Telecommunication Journal Institute (in Riga). The project goal was the consideration of expediency for implementation of a pedestrian area in the street of city centre with the existing street traffic. The article formulates some problems that occurred in the process of development and application of simulation model for analysing various scenarios; some possible alternatives of their solution are suggested.
An alternative of possible DSS architecture for managing TS in Riga is suggested; some requirements to the data handling and organization in the system are examined. Special attention has been paid to the problem of synchronizing the data handling of macroscopic and microscopic models of urban TS. The article formulates the requirements to organization of data transmission interface between macroscopic and microscopic data. The suggested DSS concept can be used when solving various problems of transportation planning.
In 2007, the year in which the Society of Antiquaries of London celebrated its tercentenary, what more fitting tribute to those industrious individuals than that their work be made accessible to a ...new generation of students. One means was by a celebratory exhibition hosted by the Royal Academy, Making History: Antiquaries in Britain, 1707-2007, which showcased a treasure-trove of art, antiquities and manuscripts (for review, see Mount 2007). Structured display is one thing: scholarly use or re-use of antiquarian data is, however, quite another matter. Indeed, therein arguably lays one of the more pressing challenges facing the practice of 'modern' archaeology (see Jones et al. 2001). A timely response was the online publication in October 2007 of the Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale (NIS), a digital corpus of Kentish Anglo-Saxon graves and grave goods. Through this project a wealth of primary data has been made accessible as never before. This resource will be of interest to all those researching Anglo-Saxon Archaeology, particularly material culture and mortuary practices. Whilst the editors express the hope that the NIS will 'enable future generations of researchers to gain a better understanding of the origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms', users will find themselves both delighted and frustrated by the quantity and format of the data presented in it.
Image caption generation technology has attracted the interest of researchers due to its wide application in practical applications. It involves two vital areas of artificial intelligence: image ...processing and natural language processing. The existing method is to predict the generation of the next word based on the image features and the words generated in the previous state. However, it ignores the important role of text information. In this paper, we propose an image caption generation method that combines multi-angle with multimodality. The model firstly uses the fusion features of the global and local images as input. Picture description of the first sentence is generated using the baseline encoding-decoding model. The image caption which is generated firstly is then input into the sentence encoding network to generate a semantic feature vector of the first sentence. Then, the local visual feature vector of the image and the semantic eigenvector of the first sentence which are two different modal features, are combined and input into the attention-based language generation model to generate the next sentence. This allows our model to generate multi-angle descriptions in a targeted manner.
This book provides insight into the interrelationship among students' writing, their thinking about their writing processes, and the language of instruction. It offers information on both common and ...diverse patterns of understanding among children experiencing the same instructional program and explores the influence of instructional language on teaching and learning writing in the intermediate grades (K-6). Following an introduction, the chapters are: (1) Learning To Write in Today's Classrooms; (2) What is Said: The Teachers' Language; (3) What is Done: The Students' Writing; (4) What is Understood: The Students' Perceptions; and (5) Thoughts on How to Teach Writing. An appendix contains tools for data collection. An extensive resource list for further reading is also provided as well as subject index and an author index. (CR)
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