The Schiff base N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,5‐diamino‐3‐oxapentane (H2L) and its lanthanide(III) complexes, PrL(NO3)(DMF)(H2O) (1) and Ho2L2(NO3)2·2H2O (2), were synthesized and characterized by ...physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed that complex 1 is a discrete mononuclear species. The PrIII ion is nine‐coordinate, forming a distorted capped square antiprismatic arrangement. Complex 2 is a centrosymmetric dinuclear neutral entity in which the HoIII ion is eight‐coordinate with distorted square antiprismatic arrangement. The DNA‐binding properties of H2L and its LnIII complexes were investigated by spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the ligand H2L and its LnIII complexes both connect to DNA in a groove binding mode; the complexes bind more strongly to DNA than the ligand. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of the LnIII complexes were in vitro determined by superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods, which indicate that complexes 1 and 2 have OH· and O2–· radical scavenging activity.
•Effect of gum arabic (GA), Aloe vera (AV) gel, ginger (GE) and garlic (GR) extract was studied on guava.•GR + GA extended shelf life and showed less weight loss with higher titratable ...acidity.•GR + GA showed reduced total soluble solids and sugars with higher ascorbic acid content.•GE + GA showed higher carotenoids while flavonoids were higher in AV + GA treatment.•GA could be used in combination with AV, GE or GR for quality conservation of guava.
Guava is an important climacteric fruit that exhibits short shelf life at ambient conditions. Due to short shelf life, marketing and subsequent storage of guava is difficult. Therefore, some treatments that can extend shelf life and conserve quality of guava fruits are required. In the present work, the effect of ginger extract, garlic extract, gum arabic and Aloe vera gel coating (in combinations) was investigated on guava fruits at 25 ± 3 °C for 15 days. The combination of garlic extract + gum arabic markedly suppressed weight loss, skin browning and disease severity. In addition, fruits of garlic extract + gum arabic treatment had higher titratable acidity and this combination also suppressed excessive increase in total soluble solids till the end of storage period compared with control. Similarly, garlic extract + gum arabic combination significantly extended shelf life of guava fruits as compared with control. Garlic extract + gum arabic treatment showed significantly higher ascorbic acid content and lower total sugars. In contrast, reducing sugars were lower in gum arabic + Aloe vera gel treatment and non-reducing sugars were lowest in ginger extract + gum arabic coated guavas. Antioxidant activity and antioxidant capacity were not affected with any combined treatment but these were comparatively higher in gum arabic + Aloe vera gel treatment. In contrast, total carotenoids were higher in ginger extract + gum arabic combination while total flavonoid contents were higher in garlic extract + gum arabic coated guava fruits. In conclusion, combined application of garlic extract and gum arabic could be considered a suitable treatment for shelf life extension and quality conservation of guava fruits.
The effect of cold plasma pretreatment with different durations 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s on the mass transfer rate and quality of grape fruit during hot-air drying at 60 °C and 1.5 m/s were ...studied. It was found that cold plasma pretreatment significantly increased effective moisture diffusivity, reducing the drying time and energy consumption by up to 26.27% and 26.30%, respectively. Longer exposure resulted in smaller shrinkage and higher rehydration ratio. Furthermore, plasma pretreatment resulted in improved quality of dried grapes, in particular higher total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C retention by up to 3.06–30.53%, 7.31–62.29%, and 17.87–168.73%, as compared to the untreated ones. Among all pretreatments, 50 s exposure was preferred due to the minimal energy consumption and the least effect on the samples color.
Display omitted
•Cold plasma application was tested as a pretreatment to hot-air drying of grapes.•Pretreatment markedly reduced the drying time and energy consumption.•Cold plasma treatment resulted in dried samples with better color.•Pre-treated products absorbed more water during rehydration.•The use of cold plasma decreased TPC, AOA and vitamin C losses in dried grapes.
•PEF treatment enhanced the extraction yield of naringin from pomelo peel.•Different PEF treatments had diverse effects on RSA values.•PEF treatment could change the conformation of naringin without ...its degradation.•PEF-assisted treatment is a potential alternative to conventional extraction methods.
Naringin is a bioactive compound that exists abundantly in the by-product of citrus fruits processing. The effects of various pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments (2–10 kV/cm, 10–50 pulses) on the extraction yield of naringin from the white capsule of pomelo peel were investigated. Results showed that PEF treatment could significantly enhance the extraction yield of naringin, in particular at the electric field intensity of 4 kV/cm and pulses of 30, the extraction yield was increased by 20% compared with non-PEF treatment. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of naringin was assessed by the assay of DPPH radical scavenging rate (RSA). Results showed that different PEF treatments had diverse effects on RSA values, which may be attributed to the changes in the structure of naringin under PEF treatments. This was confirmed by the results from scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing that PEF treatment changed the conformation of naringin without its degradation. These findings suggested that PEF treatment of appropriate intensity was a promising method to enhance the extraction of naringin from the white capsule of pomelo peel, and provided a basis for modifying the physicochemical properties of naringin in the future.
Zein, a water insoluble plant protein from a renewable natural source, has been identified as a highly promising material for the production of protein-based colloidal particles for the encapsulation ...of lipophilic compounds. However, the encapsulation of hydrophilic, water-soluble, bioactive molecules within zein colloidal particles is still unexplored. We show that the encapsulation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is strongly limited by the weak physical interactions occurring with the zein matrix during the precipitation phase. We demonstrate that the use of sodium caseinate, as a colloidal stabilizer to coat the zein particles, enables the modulation of the encapsulation efficiency and functionality of zein colloidal particles for EGCG delivery. In particular, coated zein particles exhibit a larger size, opposite surface charge and significantly different antioxidant activity, owing to the localization of EGCG affected by the different extent of interaction of EGCG with zein and sodium caseinate. Remarkably, particle formulation also tunes the release rate of EGCG during in vitro digestion and modulates the rate of fat digestion, through the combination of the Pickering emulsion stabilization effect and EGCG interaction with lipase enzyme. Zein-based colloidal particles constitute hence remarkable systems for the tunable and multi-functional delivery of EGCG.
Display omitted
•Zein-based colloidal particles as carriers for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).•Zein particles coated by sodium caseinate increase encapsulation efficiency.•EGCG release during in vitro digestion depends on carrier formulation.•EGCG-loaded zein-based particles modulate the rate of lipid digestion.
•Mulberry leaves have a wide range of traditional and potential new health food uses.•Mulberry leaves are almost maximized and have high economic value.•Phenolic constituents play an important role ...in edible and medicinal value.•The evidence is largely based on in vitro and in vivo studies of varying quality.•It is necessary to further study the possible anticancer uses of mulberry leaves.
Mulberry leaves (MLs) have been used traditionally to raise silkworms and as herbs and herbal drinks. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence of health benefits, mostly for ML extracts. ML extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anticholesterol (affecting lipid metabolism), antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, and so on. These might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, reduction of foam cell formation, inhibition of fat formation, decrease of NF-κB activity, and the promotion or induction of apoptosis. Phenolic constituents, especially flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids, are likely to contribute to the reported effects. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of MLs confer the traditional and current uses as medicine, food, fodder, and cosmetics. This paper reviews the economic value, chemical composition and pharmacology of MLs to provide a reference for the development and utilization of MLs.
Zein/pectin core-shell nanoparticles with average diameter of about 235 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.24 were developed to encapsulate, protect and deliver resveratrol. Biopolymer ...nanoparticles could be formed containing up to 10.2% (w/w) resveratrol, with a particle yield of 91.7% and a resveratrol loading efficiency of 77.9%. The nanoparticles formed were spherical and had good redispersibility in aqueous solutions. The encapsulated resveratrol had a higher in vitro antioxidant activity than free resveratrol as determined by DPPH·, ABTS+ scavenging ability, and iron (III) reducing power. The encapsulated resveratrol also exhibited higher antiproliferative activity when tested using human hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells than free resveratrol, with IC50 values of 17.6 μg/mL (77.2 μM) and 25.6 μg/mL (112.0 μM) respectively. The colloidal form of resveratrol developed in this study may be particularly useful for application in functional foods and beverages, as well as in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products.
Display omitted
•Core-shell biopolymer nanoparticles were fabricated by antisolvent precipitation.•The particles had a hydrophobic zein core and hydrophilic pectin shell.•Resveratrol was encapsulated in the particles at a relatively high (>10%) level.•The resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles had good in vitro antioxidant and anticancer properties.
This study investigated the extraction, structure and antioxidant activity of turmeric polysaccharides (TPs). A crude polysaccharide yield of 2.23 g/100 g was extracted by the hot water method. Four ...polysaccharide fractions (TPs-0, TPs-1, TPs-2, and TPs-3) with different molecular weights were purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Glucose, galactose and arabinose were the main polysaccharide components of TPs-0 and TPs-1, whereas TPs-2 and TPs-3 were primarily composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid. TPs-0 was further investigated using methylation, GC-MS and NMR, the results showed that TPs-0 comprised a main chain of α-Araf- (1 → 4) -α-Glcp- (1 → 3) -α-Arap- (1 → 3) -β-Galp- (1 → 3,6) -α-Galp- (1 → 5) -α-Araf- (1 → 3) -β-Galp- (1→R. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the characteristic morphology of different fractions. Furthermore, assays of antioxidant activity showed that any one of TPs had antioxidant effects against DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation, hydroxyl radical, among which TPS-2 was stronger. In general, the results demonstrated that TPs had great potential as a natural antioxidant in the functional food.
•Optimized the extraction process of turmeric polysaccharides (TPs).•Four polysaccharides were successively isolated and characterized.•The putative structure of TPs-0 was the reported for the first time.•The four polysaccharides especially TPs-2 exhibited antioxidant activity.
The Achillea genus belongs to the Asteraceae family, which is mostly found in the northern hemisphere and is comprised of 115 species in the world. In Turkish flora, there are 52 species and 58 taxa, ...among them half of which are recorded as endemic. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no biological activity studied in this species until now, with the exception of one study of the antimicrobial activity of certain essential oils. This study focused primarily on the determination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibition activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Turkish endemic Achillea cucullata by in vitro methods. The extract exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 132.55±0.026μg/mL, the total phenol content was 53.807±0.059 (mgGAE/g), and the total flavonoid content was 21.372±0.026 (mgQE/g), on the dry-weight basis. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by a micro-dilution method focused on five microorganisms; two Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), two Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and one fungal strain Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Results show that the MIC value for the tested microorganism was higher than 5mg/mL. In this work, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α-glucosidase enzymes were strongly inhibited by the A. cucullata extract, and the IC50 values for these enzymes were 2.4μg/mL, 0.26μg/mL, and 24.75μg/mL, respectively. Certain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the past. α-Glucosidase inhibitors are strong drug candidates, as well as potential functional food agents, for deferring the postprandial absorbency of glucose.
•Ethanol extract was prepared from endemic plant - Achillea cucullata•In vitro antioxidant was evaluated by DPPH, TPC and TFC assay•Antimicrobial activity was determined by microdilution method against five microorganisms•Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase enzymes were impressively inhibited by the A. cucullata ethanol extract
PDF
