Confronting the blue revolution Islam, Saidul
Confronting the blue revolution,
2014, 20140127, 2014, 2014-01-27, 2014-02-05
eBook
In Confronting the Blue Revolution, Md Saidul Islam uses the shrimp farming industry in Bangladesh and across the global South to show the social and environmental impact of industrialized ...aquaculture.
The sustainability of aquaculture has been debated intensely since 2000, when a review on the net contribution of aquaculture to world fish supplies was published in Nature. This paper reviews the ...developments in global aquaculture from 1997 to 2017, incorporating all industry sub-sectors and highlighting the integration of aquaculture in the global food system. Inland aquaculture-especially in Asia-has contributed the most to global production volumes and food security. Major gains have also occurred in aquaculture feed efficiency and fish nutrition, lowering the fish-in-fish-out ratio for all fed species, although the dependence on marine ingredients persists and reliance on terrestrial ingredients has increased. The culture of both molluscs and seaweed is increasingly recognized for its ecosystem services; however, the quantification, valuation, and market development of these services remain rare. The potential for molluscs and seaweed to support global nutritional security is underexploited. Management of pathogens, parasites, and pests remains a sustainability challenge industry-wide, and the effects of climate change on aquaculture remain uncertain and difficult to validate. Pressure on the aquaculture industry to embrace comprehensive sustainability measures during this 20-year period have improved the governance, technology, siting, and management in many cases.
Aquaculture Economics and Financing: Management and Analysis provides a detailed and specific set of guidelines for using economic and financial analysis in aquaculture production. By discussing key ...issues such as how to finance and plan new aquaculture business, how to monitor and evaluate economic performance, and how to manage capital, labor, and business risk, the book equips aquaculture professionals, researchers, and students with important information applicable to a wide range of business decisions. Chapters address each stage of developing an aquaculture business, including financing, marketing, and developing a business plan to managing cash flows and analyzing financial statements. Each chapter includes a detailed example of practical application taken from every-day experience. Written in straightforward terminology facilitating ready application, Aquaculture Economics and Financing: Management and Analysis is an essential tool for analyzing and improving financial performance of aquaculture operations.
As aquaculture production expands, we must avoid mistakes made during increasing intensification of agriculture. Understanding environmental impacts and measures to mitigate them is important for ...designing responsible aquaculture production systems. There are four realistic goals that can make future aquaculture operations more sustainable and productive: (1) improvement of management practices to create more efficient and diverse systems at every production level; (2) emphasis on local decisionmaking, human capacity development, and collective action to generate productive aquaculture systems that fit into societal constraints and demands; (3) development of risk management efforts for all systems that reduce disease problems, eliminate antibiotic and drug abuse, and prevent exotic organism introduction into local waters; and (4) creation of systems to better identify more sustainably grown aquaculture products in the market and promote them to individual consumers. By 2050, seafood will be predominantly sourced through aquaculture, including not only finfish and invertebrates but also seaweeds.
Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are ...presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.
Since 2000, aquaculture became well‐integrated into the global food system. Aquaculture systems are highly diverse, producing globally equal amounts of fed and extractive species. In Asia and Africa, ...inland aquaculture provides the bulk of aquaculture production, while in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, marine aquaculture dominates. The realized growth of annual production since 2000 is due to intensification, the use of more and better feeds, improved production management, and increased attention to biosecurity. Fed and extractive aquaculture, both need to pay more attention to scaling, site selection, and the health of the wider production environment. In terms of land use, aquaculture is more efficient than terrestrial animal production. Still, water use remains a challenge. More attention should be given to water recycling in land‐based systems, reducing water consumption and facilitating nutrient recovery and reuse. Future development should focus on making aquaculture climate neutral and on reducing environmental impacts, both inland and at sea. More attention must be given to making aquaculture an important part of local food systems on all continents, as is the case in Asia today. Integration of aquaculture into local nutrition‐sensitive, circular, and sustainable food systems should become the major driver for future aquaculture system development.
Aquaculture: global status and trends Bostock, John; McAndrew, Brendan; Richards, Randolph ...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences,
09/2010, Letnik:
365, Številka:
1554
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Aquaculture contributed 43 per cent of aquatic animal food for human consumption in 2007 (e.g. fish, crustaceans and molluscs, but excluding mammals, reptiles and aquatic plants) and is expected to ...grow further to meet the future demand. It is very diverse and, contrary to many perceptions, dominated by shellfish and herbivorous and omnivorous pond fish either entirely or partly utilizing natural productivity. The rapid growth in the production of carnivorous species such as salmon, shrimp and catfish has been driven by globalizing trade and favourable economics of larger scale intensive farming. Most aquaculture systems rely on low/uncosted environmental goods and services, so a critical issue for the future is whether these are brought into company accounts and the consequent effects this would have on production economics. Failing that, increased competition for natural resources will force governments to allocate strategically or leave the market to determine their use depending on activities that can extract the highest value. Further uncertainties include the impact of climate change, future fisheries supplies (for competition and feed supply), practical limits in terms of scale and in the economics of integration and the development and acceptability of new bio-engineering technologies. In the medium term, increased output is likely to require expansion in new environments, further intensification and efficiency gains for more sustainable and cost-effective production. The trend towards enhanced intensive systems with key monocultures remains strong and, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a significant contributor to future supplies. Dependence on external feeds (including fish), water and energy are key issues. Some new species will enter production and policies that support the reduction of resource footprints and improve integration could lead to new developments as well as reversing decline in some more traditional systems.
The aim of this study was to provide technical means and data support for enhancing the filtration pretreatment capacity of a recirculating aquaculture system. A continuous flow electrocoagulation ...(EC)-filtration system was designed and its application in the pretreatment of marine aquaculture wastewater was studied. The influences of anode combination modes, hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of the EC reactor and filter pore sizes on the water treatment capacity were investigated. Results showed that EC could significantly enhance the treatment efficiency of the filtration equipment used in subsequent steps. Al-Fe electrodes used as anode led to better processing capacity of this system, and the optimum anode was 3Al + Fe. With the increase of HRT and decrease of filter pore size, the enhanced effect of the EC process on the filter was more obvious. When the current density was 19.22 A/m
, the anode was 3Al + Fe, the HRT was 4.5 min and the filter pore size was 45 μm, the removal efficiency of the system for Vibrio, chemical oxygen demand, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen (NO
-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N) and total nitrogen was 69.55 ± 0.93%, 48.99 ± 1.42%, 57.06 ± 1.28%, 34.09 ± 2.27%, 18.47 ± 1.88% and 55.26 ± 1.42%, respectively, and the energy consumption was (26.25 ± 4.95) × 10
kWh/m
.
The two-way interactions of aquaculture and the environment are diverse and complex. Three major questions are addressed: what happened in the past, what are today's trends, and what may the future ...hold? Traditional aquaculture is mostly environmentally compatible as it mainly uses on-farm and locally available wastes and by-products such as crop residues and animal or human manures for nutritional inputs or natural food in open water culture-based fisheries and mollusk and seaweed farming systems. Wastes, by-products and natural food were the only sources of nutritional inputs for most farmed aquatic organisms in the past before the relatively recent and increasing use of pelleted feed in modern aquaculture, leading to major environmental concerns. Environmental aspects of intensification of aquaculture and their relation to ecosystems and agro-ecosystems in inland terrestrial and aquatic, and coastal/offshore, land- and water-scapes are reviewed. Aquaculture is increasingly being adversely impacted by pollution from agricultural, domestic and industrial pollution. Environmental issues are illustrated by case studies of traditional and modern aquaculture farming practice in temperate and tropical inland and coastal areas. Promising technologies that employ the principles of traditional aquaculture to contribute to the sustainability of modern aquaculture are outlined. There does not appear to be a panacea for environmentally sustainable aquaculture on the horizon to meet the increasing demand for aquatic food. This is more likely to be met through improvements in existing technology, including combining aspects of traditional with modern practice; better management practices (BMPs); better site selection so that aquaculture remains within the carrying capacity of inland and coastal water bodies; and the most efficient use of land and water, which is more likely to be aquaculture than farming terrestrial crops in relatively poor agro-ecosystems. Inland aquaculture, especially in ponds, is likely to continue to dominate global aquatic food production.
•decline of environmentally-friendly integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems•promising environmentally-friendly technologies•freshwater pond culture to continue global dominance•call for conversion of low-yielding rice fields to fish ponds
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