Подбор метода реставрации археологических предметов напрямую зависит от их состояния сохранности. Подбор адекватного метода реставрации свинцовых предметов усложняется необходимостью делать выбор ...между сохранением материальной субстанции памятника и его историческим обликом, потому что все известные на сегодняшний день методы стабилизации активной коррозии на археологическом свинце неизбежно приводят к утрате всех минеральных корок и окисных пленок, что негативно сказывается на восприятии предметов и искажает их исторический облик. Предлагаемая в статье классификация сохранности свинцовых предметов и обзор методов реставрации призваны помочь реставраторам минимизировать возможные негативные последствия при выстраивании стратегии реставрации.
Light Detection And Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is not really a new technology. However, it does provide the data from which accurate models of the natural land surface ...completely stripped of buildings and vegetation can be derived. Interestingly for Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, most of the data is already freely available for research. This is certainly the case in the Netherlands, with the “Actueel Hoogtemodel Nederland 2”, or “AHN2”. The density of the measured points is at least 50 centimetres, which means that the remains of structures larger than one by one metre can be detected. As a result, many unknown structures have been discovered with it. However, these excellent results have blinded many Cultural Heritage and Archaeology practitioners to obvious mistakes when interpreting LiDAR data. This paper is intended to highlight best-practices for the use of LiDAR data by Cultural Heritage professionals.
The selection of a method for the restoration treatment of archaeological objects directly depends on their condition. The selection of an adequate method for the restoration of lead objects is ...complicated by the need to choose between the preservation of the material substance of the object and its historical appearance. All currently known methods of stabilizing active corrosion on archaeological lead inevitably result in the loss of all mineral crusts and oxide films, which negatively affects the perception of the objects and distorts their historical appearance. The classification of the preservation states of lead objects and a review of the restoration methods proposed in the paper are designed to aid restorers in the minimization of possible negative consequences when developing a restoration strategy.
Concerns around the degradation of plastics have been part of conservation discourse for decades. The spotlight is usually on art and objects, and conservation and display materials, however it could ...be argued that a significant volume of the plastics in museums is associated with storage bags. This study asked whether the condition of plastic storage bags might be influenced by what is stored inside them. If specific materials can be identified as more likely to affect plastic degradation, museums may have a lead-indicator for efficiently monitoring storage risks. This case study developed a methodology for applying multivariate analysis to collected data to answer this question. A subset of polyethylene self-seal bags used to pack archaeological material from the 'Casselden Place' assemblage at Museums Victoria was evaluated. Objective data were combined with subjective assessment of bag degradation features gathered during a collection survey and interrogated using multivariate statistical analysis. Results indicate (1) different levels of yellowing are associated with particular plastic bag stocks and (2) ceramic, slate and tile finds are more likely than other materials to be contained within yellower bags. The research points to future enquiry and demonstrates this methodology shows promise for extension to other large cultural datasets.
The fall of Sirmium under the Avars in 582 marks the end of a long process of weakening of imperial power on the Danube border. The Hunnic incursions of the mid-fifth century had left permanent ...economic and demographic consequences, crucial to the fate of northern possessions. The region of Pannonia Secunda, with the capital Sirmium, became the prey of Germanic populations, Ostrogoths and Gepids. By the beginning of the sixth century, Byzantium controlled only the eastern part of Syrmia with the city of Bassianae, where the Heruli were settled. The Germanic newcomers left recognisable material traces, particularly in Sirmium and Cibalae. Even in the context of depopulation and ruralisation of these centres, traces of the persisting Romans can also be observed. After the 567 Avar victory over the Gepids, the Empire managed to regain control of Sirmium; fierce battles and negotiations were to end only with the fall of the city. Judging by the archaeological record, the Avars seem not to have settled Syrmia, or Sirmium itself, on a large scale. There is numismatic, sigillographic and archaeological evidence for the period of the fall of Pannonia Secunda and for the following decades in which the Romans went on living under conditions far from ideal. In this paper we publish Byzantine lead seals, the most important of which bears the name of ???(?)??? ??? ???. By all appearances, it belonged to a diplomat dealing with the Avars between 567 and 582, although a slightly later dating is possible, as well. The well-known belt-set from Divos (?), certainly of Byzantine make, is likewise discussed in the light of diplomatic relations and tribute. We also publish a matrix for hammering out the Martynovka-type harness mounts and a belt buckle of the so-called Pannonian type. While it is not possible to conclude whether these objects belonged to the remaining Romans or not, they apparently reflect cultural affinities in Avar Syrmia and the strength of Byzantine influences.
•The application of digital technologies to museum heritage is increasingly widespread.•Digital anastylosis processes can aid the conservation of museum finds.•Digital anastylosis requires ...standardised digital survey protocols.•Integrated digital technologies can foster knowledge of fragile cultural heritage.
The conservation, development, and enjoyment of the artefacts in museums can benefit greatly from the application of integrated digital technologies. This topic is of great interest not only to researchers in various disciplines, but also to the managers of this heritage, the producers of technologies, innovative companies and start-ups, and the wider public. However, it does not currently seem to be possible to identify methods and protocols shared between the actors involved for the purpose of managing the phases of acquisition, definition of data models, management of digital content, and its later implementation. "Tailor-made" approaches therefore have direct consequences on the efficacy of the digitalisation processes currently available when applied to conservation and restoration, and to the promotion of cultural heritage. In this paper, we propose a protocol for the digitalisation of archeological artefacts for the purpose of their display in museums. The method is illustrated with reference to a case study involving very rare artefacts from a wooden throne from the Villanovan Age. Finally, the work is part of the results of a wider project for the definition of protocols for the surveying and modelling of cultural heritage, from the architectural scale down to the scale of artefacts, carried out through public-private partnerships.
•Innovative dating methods for archaeological finds are reviewed.•The most important approaches for dating fossil bones are discussed.•The more recent thermal analytical-chemometric methods for ...fossil bones differentiation are presented.
Recently proposed innovative methods for dating archaeological finds reported in the literature are reviewed, together with the researches carried out in this field by our team, using several instrumental techniques (sensor, biosensor, electrochemical, thermal-analytical, and so on). In this framework, particular attention was then focused on examining the main currently adopted methods for bones dating. Lastly, the possibility of using thermogravimetry coupled to chemometrics for differentiating, quickly and inexpensively, finds of very ancient human fossil bones (several thousand years BC), from less ancient ones (few hundreds of years before and after Christ) is illustrated, together with a thorough discussion of the criteria (i.e., the collagen-carbonates content ratio, or the different types of carbonate) this approach is based on.
The topic of the article is the method of work of restorers with archaeological wooden objects from the medieval waterlogged cultural deposits of Novgorod. The method of conservation of wet ...archaeological wood with polyethyleneglycole and freeze-drying and the equipment used for this are briefly observed. The practical application of the method in the conditions of a museum conservation laboratory is illustrated by the example of the restoration of carved and chiseled tableware and pommel. The advantages and shortages of the method when working with large-sized objects are shown in the description of the restoration of medieval doors.
For nearly two decades, virtual reality (VR) technologies have been employed in the field of cultural heritage for various purposes. The safeguard, the protection and the fruition of the remains of ...the past have gained a powerful tool, thanks to the potentialities of immersive visualization and 3D reconstruction of archaeological sites and finds. VR applications based on videogame technologies are known for their realism and fluid interactivity, but the choice of the fittest technologies remains a complex task because there is an ample number of hardware devices and software development kits. Moreover the design of a VR application for cultural heritage requires several different professional skills and presents a certain complexity in coordination and management. This paper presents strategies to overcome these problems, by suggesting some guidelines for the development of VR systems for cultural heritage. It illustrates a complete methodology to create a virtual exhibition system, based on realistic high-quality 3D models of archaeological finds (reconstructed using a 3D Scanner and a high definition camera) and a low-cost multimedia stereoscopic system called MNEME, which allows the user to interact in a free and easy way with a rich collection of archaeological finds. The solution we propose is intended to be easy to transport and fully usable by different user typologies, without any external assistance or supervision.
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