This paper is a plea for learning and practicing assertive behavior in all areas of social life. First of all, it aims to clarify the notion of assertiveness and to delimit the assertive behavior ...from the aggressive and passive one. One argues for the need to use assertive behavior on a large scale, highlighting the benefits it brings to the individual and society. Practicing assertiveness helps individuals to understand themselves more easily, to understand others better, to resolve conflicts more quickly, and to eliminate the negative stress that comes with it. Being a form of communication, which is direct, open, respectful and honest, assertiveness inhibits defense mechanisms and distortions, being an effective way to communicate and resolve interindividual and social differences. The paper starts from the hypothesis that in the former communist societies the social-civic dialogue is still precarious and insufficient and therefore, the need to learn and practice assertiveness becomes more pressing. Democratic ‘construction’ can only be achieved with socially-politically competent citizens (elites and masses alike), as assertiveness occupies a central place among socio-political competences. This paper also makes a concise portrait of the assertive person. Finally, the main ways to achieve an assertive management and its effects on organizational efficiency are explored.
Assertiveness is a key skill for nurses in their everyday communication and in the delivery of high quality care. We asked experts in the profession about the value of communicating assertively as a ...nurse and how to develop this quality.
Background: Assertiveness is one of the most important skills needed by nurses to reduce interpersonal conflict and build an effective teamwork in complex hospital environments. Objective: The aim of ...this study was to determine the effect of an assertiveness training program on nurses’ aggressive and adaptive assertiveness. Methods: In this interventional study, participants were 64 nurses working in hospitals of Abhar city in Iran, randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=32) and control (n=32). Assertive training program was presented as a two-day training workshop (10 hours) to the intervention group, while the control group received no training. Thompson and Burnham’s Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness Scale were completed by the participants in both groups at baseline, immediately, one and three months after the intervention. After collecting the data, Friedman, Mann–Whitney, Chi-squared, and Fisher tests were used for their analysis. Findings: The mean of adaptive assertiveness score was significantly different between the the two groups immediately (P=0.002) and 1 month after the intervention (P=0.025). The aggressive assertiveness scores were not significantly different immediately, 1 and 3 months after the intervention (P>0.05), but the results of Friedman test showed a statistically significant decrease in the aggressive assertiveness scores compared to its baseline score (P=0.002). Conclusion: The assertiveness training program increased adaptive assertiveness and decreased aggressive assertiveness in nurses. Relevant authorities can design continuous and useful assertiveness training programs to promot this valuable skill in nurses.
Problems in interpersonal relationships are important occupational stressors, while assertive behaviors can contribute to good relationships and better quality of life and work. This research aimed ...to investigate the correlations between assertiveness, affections, and occupational stress in administrative and technical staff, in the COVID-19 context. Participants were 109 workers who responded to the Rathus Assertiveness scale, the Affections scale, the Work Stress scale, and a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire. The main results indicated directly proportional correlations between occupational stress and inhibition, occupational stress and negative affections, and inhibition and negative affections. Furthermore, the highest levels of occupational stress were found with (a) higher scores of negative affect and inhibition, (b) when professionals did not work remotely, and (c) when they did not think about retiring from work at that institution. It was concluded that this study contributed to understanding the relationships between the variables, which had not been studied in the target population.
For the collection of data among the indicated population, made up of 1490 students from all academic programs, a probabilistic sampling was carried out by systematic clusters, considering a ...confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, which determined the final participation of 312 students. In line with this, the non-parametric inferential statistical analysis confirmed the negative and low correlation of these two variables (-.231). High levels of assertiveness in relation to low levels of participation may suggest 1) unconventional forms of participation that have appeared at the same time as social networks, 2) citizen conformity with a type of liberal and representative democracy, and 3) the need to carry out researches that relate participation and other behavioral typology beyond the classical styles. Keywords: assertiveness, citizen training, democracy, high school students, participation INTRODUCCIÓN1 En la actualidad, uno de los fundamentos más importantes de los sistemas democráticos es la idea de que toda forma de abuso y falta de oportunidad para el desarrollo social, puede evitarse en la medida que más individuos participen del ejercicio deliberativo sobre lo público, sea de manera directa o a través de representantes (Bueno, 2018; Canto, 2017; Constant, 2002).
The present research highlights womanhood attributes and characteristics in Paule Marshall's first novel "Brown Girl, Brownstones". It analyzes the various women characters in the novel and sheds ...light on different attributes of womanhood in them. This is done through Selina's life experiences. The present research offers a female perspective on conflict, racism, grief, love, greed, and the bitter truth of discrimination under the lie of American inclusivity mentioned in the novel. It shows the journey of Selina from division to oneness towards her family, friends, and community, from being a girl to becoming a woman. The research talks about an environment depicted in the novel where all womanhood features sometimes coexist in peace while they conflict with each other in other instances.The research ends with the identification of the protagonist's characteristics as inferred from the novel. The identified characteristics are Assertiveness, Empathy, Imperfection, Power and Courage, Self-Esteem, and Confidence.
Objectives: Sexual dysfunction is a major health problem and orgasmic dysfunction is one of the common sexual complaints reported by women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sexual ...assertiveness-focused cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) on women’s orgasm. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 24 women with secondary anorgasmia referring to health centers in Tehran, Iran. After randomly assigning the participants to one of two groups of intervention (n=12) and control (n=12), an eight-session CBGT with the emphasis on sexual assertiveness training was administered to the intervention group. The primary outcomes were sexual assertiveness and the orgasm score of the participant. Sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication, sexual satisfaction, and pain were considered as secondary outcomes. Finally, the female sexual function index (FSFI) and the Hurlbert index of sexual assertiveness questionnaires were used for data gathering. Results: After CBGT implementation, there was a significant difference between the intervention (5.33±0.62) and control (2.47±0.76) groups in the mean score of orgasm (P<0.001). In addition, the mean score of sexual assertiveness (P<0.001) and all other domains of FSFI (P<0.001) significantly increased after CBGT. Conclusions: Sexual assertiveness-focused CBGT was effective in the treatment of secondary anorgasmia and increased their sexual function. To prevent marital conflicts, establishing counseling clinics in health centers can be established by authorities in order to correct ineffective sexual beliefs and self-assertiveness in the country.
Assertiveness is a communication style that is based on mutual respect. This concept was originally proposed in the field of behavior therapy. The concepts of traditional assertiveness are limited in ...the situations that they can be applied to and are difficult to discriminate from aggressive behavior. Considering these two problems, the use of functional assertiveness as a new concept of assertiveness is proposed. Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker encounters interpersonal problems that should be resolved or has objectives that should be achieved, and the speaker’s way of conveying themselves is perceived as appropriate by the listener. The features of functional assertiveness and how to enact it are discussed.
Objective(s): Sexual satisfaction and sexual assertiveness are both considered to be the most important factors in maintaining a successful, healthy and happy married life. The aim of this study was ...to investigate the relationship between sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction of married women of reproductive age in Qom province in 2021. Methods: 100 married women who referred to health centers in Qom, Iran participated in this cross-sectional study. Health centers were selected by clustering and a convenience sample was entered into the study from April to October 2023. The questionnaire of Hulbert's sexual assertiveness index and Larson Sexual Satisfaction were used. Data analysis was done by SPSS-22 software. Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mean of sexual satisfaction score (SD) was 99.40 (15.41), the mean of sexual assertiveness was 56.19 (20.04), and there was a high correlation between sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction r=0.74 (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between the averages of sexual assertiveness and age of women and spouses (P <0.001). A significant difference was found between the average sexual self-expression of women with the number of children (P=0.03) and between the average sexual assertiveness and the education groups of spouses (P=0.04). Conclusion: Considering the positive correlation between sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction, it is suggested that in order to increase women's sexual satisfaction, service providers should increase their sexual assertiveness through various counseling and educational methods.
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