Abstract The intensity of affect refers to the strength with which individuals experience their emotions. This study aimed to adapt and seek evidence of validity for the version of the Short Affect ...Intensity Scale (SAIS) for the Brazilian context. After translation procedures, the translated version of the SAIS was applied, along with instruments to measure personality and subjective well-being in 1,180 Brazilians. The results revealed the adequacy of the three-factor structure for the instrument: Positive Intensity, Negative Intensity, and Serenity. Correlations with other variables were verified as theoretically expected. For example, positive correlations were found between Positive Intensity and Extraversion and Positive Affect; Negative Intensity and Neuroticism, and Negative Affect. The instrument proved to be adequate for the Brazilian context.
Resumo A intensidade de afetos diz respeito à força com que indivíduos experienciam suas emoções. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e buscar evidências de validade da Short Affect Intensity Scale (SAIS) para o contexto brasileiro. Após procedimentos de tradução, aplicou-se a versão traduzida da SAIS, juntamente com instrumentos para aferir personalidade e bem-estar subjetivo em 1.180 brasileiros. Os resultados revelaram a adequação da estrutura de três fatores para o instrumento: Intensidade Positiva, Intensidade Negativa, Serenidade. Também se verificaram correlações com outras variáveis conforme esperado teoricamente. Por exemplo, encontraram-se correlações positivas entre Intensidade Positiva e Extroversão e Afeto Positivo; Intensidade Negativa e Neuroticismo e Afeto Negativo. O instrumento mostrou-se adequado ao contexto brasileiro.
Introducción: la diferencia de la percepción entre la silueta percibida y la deseada se ha definido como insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (IMCO).Objetivo: evaluar los métodos utilizados para ...medir la IMCO y la frecuencia de la IMCO en niños y adolescentes.Metodología: se buscaron artículos registrados en las bases de datos de PubMed, EBSCOhost y Scielo, de estudios transversales en inglés y español, que valoraran la IMCO en niños y adolescentes publicados de abril de 2010 al mes de abril de 2015. Se registraron, edad, sexo, tamaño muestral, estado de peso, tipo de método para valorar la IMCO y estimación de la IMCO.Resultados: cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión 16 estudios que valoraron la IMCO en niños y adolescentes de 5 a 19 años de edad. De los artículos analizados se encontraron 9 métodos de valoración de la IMCO. En la mayoría se realizaron pruebas de estabilidad temporal y validez. La frecuencia de IMCO por tener sobrepeso u obesidad, osciló de 44% a 83% y por bajo peso, de 1,7% a 37%. La IMCO aumentó de acuerdo al IMC, y en algunos estudios se asoció con la edad. Fue más frecuente en las mujeres, y en algunos casos se presenta IMCO en los niños delgados.Conclusión: la IMCO se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino y se asocia positivamente con el IMC. A pesar de la variedad de métodos utilizados para evaluar la IMCO, los resultados son consistentes.
Este artigo tem por objectivo apoiar os investigadores nas decisões sobre o uso de questões de resposta fechada nos seus questionários fazendo uma revisão crítica da literatura relativamente às ...implicações dessas decisões para a natureza, validade e fiabilidade da medida e das conclusões que ela suporte. Esta revisão da literatura apoia a investigador no processo de decisão sobre a melhor forma de operacionalizar as suas variáveis através de uma resposta fechada. São apresentados argumentos que sustentam a tomada de decisão na construção da lista de opções de resposta a fornecer ao inquirido, e o tipo de escala a utilizar: gráficas ou não gráficas; categorias ou de avaliação contínua; com 3 ou mais pontos; com ou sem rótulos e neste caso, com que tipo de rótulos, etc. Ilustramos adicionalmente outros tópicos a ter em conta na construção de uma medida que usa como formato de resposta fechado uma escala de avaliação contínua analisando o caso específico em que se mede “frequências percebidas”.
Through featuring a historical review of the L2 speaking assessment scales applied in related studies, this paper targets at providing responses for the following three questions (a) How are the ...scales assessing L2 speaking anxiety developed and adapted in related research? (b) What are the frequently adopted methods for validating speaking anxiety scales? (c) How is L2 speaking anxiety represented and interpreted with a dynamic approach? Based on analyzing the development process of frequently-used scales for assessing test anxiety, foreign language classroom anxiety, and speaking anxiety, the author classified the scales into three categories: test-based scales measuring speaking anxiety, classroom-based scales measuring speaking anxiety, and activity-based scales measuring L2 speaking anxiety. As for the scale validation methods, Classical Testing Theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement were introduced as two major statistical paradigms for guaranteeing the reliability of the scales. This paper also summarizes the emerging themes generalized from research focusing speaking anxiety assessment, where the dynamic approach is discussed as a guideline to interpret the relationship among anxiety, language performance, and other factors involved in language learning. This paper ends with highlighting possible directions for anxiety-related research in the future, where technology intervention and the “positivity ratio” might become new attempts for pedagogical design.
Pain is a result of nociceptive tissue injury and results in acute and chronic impact to patients. Acute pain management is the need of the hour as untreated or under-treated pain may progress to ...chronic pain. Pain irrespective of its temporality causes a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Many Indian emergency settings are not adequately equipped to handle pain due to the heavy load of patients and the lack of awareness about the pain management guidelines. This leads to undertreatment of pain or ‘oligoanalgesia’. A pain management protocol can help prevent oligoanalgesia in an emergency setting. Proper utilization of triage systems that incorporate pain as one of the vital signs is necessary. The categorization of pain with the help of a pain scale helps determine the severity of pain and its appropriate management. Pain management is an ongoing process that does not end with the discharge of the patient. Post discharge management of pain is also an important factor to prevent chronic pain. This may involve various modalities for pain management under the preview of multimodal management of pain.
Automatic identification and professional evaluation makes musical instrument learning more intelligent. Since a proper hand shape is the basis of fingerings in playing instruments, this paper ...explores an integration of intelligent recognition technique into hand shape assessment of instrument players in an attempt of taking Chinese zither (Zheng) as an example. The fine-grained image recognition is novelly applied to automatically assessing basic hand shapes, as a tentative exploration of interdisciplinary research. First, this paper formulates an assessment scales by combining fine-grained image features with hand shape evaluation indicators in musical instrument learning. Then, an image dataset for hand shapes of Chinese zither performance (CZ-Dataset V2) is established based on free multi-view acquisition. Finally, we propose a fine-grained hand shape image recognition method using attention mechanism. Experimental results show that the basic instrumental hand shapes can be effectively recognized and reasonable suggestions for hand shape assessment can be provided.
The U.S West Coast states currently set harvest caps to manage fishery stocks in state waters based on federal stock assessments that combine data from larger areas of the coast. Local catch and ...stock condition information are not well incorporated into coastwide assessment models to reflect smaller-scale processes that are often important to local fisheries, and some nearshore species have not been assessed. This can lead to a mismatch of local resource status and catch limits. We gathered local information on nearshore fishes in Oregon, USA, to contribute to a multi-scale Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA), an expert opinion-based model that combines information about the productivity of a stock with its susceptibility to fishing activities, habitat degradation, and other factors. The Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) has developed PSAs for federally managed stocks on a coastwide scale, largely to provide initial information on the relative vulnerabilities of many data-poor species. Our research sought local expertise on questions related to susceptibility to develop a PSA for nearshore species at smaller spatial scales in Oregon, USA. We combined published biological data for ten nearshore species with information obtained from fishermen during a series of outreach meetings and an online survey. We found that our PSA results generally matched those generated for West Coast stocks, but with somewhat lower vulnerability scores provided by the local data. We also found some key differences among survey regions and between the coastwide vulnerability ratings and smaller spatial scale ratings, reflecting the influence that local user-based information can have on the results of the model. While PSA provides only general information on vulnerability and stock status, it can be useful to identify important local differences in stock susceptibility to fishing or other impacts that may be lost when stocks are monitored and managed at larger scales.
•PSA is a simple, expert opinion-based evaluation tool that can inform local management.•Species’ vulnerability depends on the assessment’s spatial scale and type of knowledge.•Oregon’s fish stocks lack complete life-history information in local assessments.•Fishermen’s knowledge reflects local conditions and improves smaller-scale assessments.
A frequent complication of anticancer treatment, oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis, threatens the effectiveness of therapy because it leads to dose reductions, increases healthcare costs, and ...impairs patients' quality of life. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and the International Society for Oral Oncology assembled an international multidisciplinary panel of experts to create clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of mucositis.
The panelists examined medical literature published from January 1966 through May 2002, presented their findings at two separate conferences, and then created a writing committee that produced two articles: the current study and another that codifies the clinical implications of the panel's findings in practice guidelines.
New evidence supports the view that oral mucositis is a complex process involving all the tissues and cellular elements of the mucosa. Other findings suggest that some aspects of mucositis risk may be determined genetically. GI proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene levels change along the GI tract, perhaps explaining differences in the frequency with which mucositis occurs at different sites. Studies of mucositis incidence in clinical trials by quality and using meta-analysis techniques produced estimates of incidence that are presented herein for what to our knowledge may be a broader range of cancers than ever presented before.
Understanding the pathobiology of mucositis, its incidence, and scoring are essential for progress in research and care directed at this common side-effect of anticancer therapies.
PDF
