Scholarly discussion suggests prevalent, overconfident use of attachment classifications in child protection (CP) investigations but no systematic research has examined actual prevalence, the methods ...used to derive such classifications, or their interpretations. We aimed to cover this gap using survey data from a nationally representative sample of Swedish CP workers (N = 191). Three key findings emerged. First, the vast majority formed an opinion about young children's attachment quality in all or most investigations. Second, most did not employ systematic assessments, and none employed well-validated attachment methods. Third, there was overconfidence in the perceived implications of attachment classifications. For example, many believed that insecure attachment is a valid indicator of insufficient care. Our findings illustrate a wide researcher-practitioner gap. This gap is presumably due to inherent difficulties translating group-based research to the level of the individual, poor dissemination of attachment theory and research, and infrastructural pressures adversely influencing the quality of CP investigations.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to predict attitudes toward extramarital relationships based on the dark dimensions of personality and the quality of attachment in married women. Methods: The ...present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included married women who referred to Razi Counseling Center in Karaj in 1400. 191 people were considered as a sample through available sampling method. For data collection, the extramarital relationship attitude questionnaire (Watley, 2008), the Dark Triple Personality Scale (Johnson and Webster, 2010), the adult attachment style questionnaire (Collins and Reed, 1996) were used. The data of this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression analysis.Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that the total score of the dark personality triangle and the psychopath dimension separately can predict attitudes toward extramarital relationships in married women. But Machiavellian traits and narcissism as well as attachment styles are not able to predict the attitude of extramarital affairs in married women.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that the level of honesty, happiness and sense of humanity in psychopaths is low and has a great relationship with overnight relationships and types of sexual infidelity without creating a sensory and emotional relationship. Relationships are short-lived and due to lack of commitment, betrayal is high in such people.Keywords: Attitude towards extramarital affairs, dark dimensions of personality, quality of attachment.
The study investigated the moderating role of motivational preference in the relationship between attachment quality and emotional empathy among sixty-five autistic caregivers (42 males and 23 ...females). Participants were drawn from Therapeutic Inclusive Nursery, Primary, and Secondary School in Abakpa Nike, Enugu State, Nigeria. Attachment Quality Scale, Work Preference Inventory Scale, and Emotional Empathy Scale were used in the study. Hayes PROCESS macro regression-based, path-analytical framework was employed to analyse the data. Motivational preference and the four dimensions of attachment quality predicted emotional empathy. Motivational preference did not moderate the relationship between security, avoidance and ambivalent worry dimensions of attachment quality and emotional empathy. Motivational preference moderated the relationship between ambivalent merger and emotional empathy (β = −.14, t = −3.15, p = <.05). Ambivalent merger predicted emotional empathy for those with low motivational preference (β = 7.22, p = <.05), moderate motivational preference (β = 3.07, p = < .05), and for those with high motivational preference (β = 1.01, p = <.05). Implications and limitations of the findings were discussed and suggestions for further studies were made.
Zusammenfassung
Grundlagen
Bindung ist ein kulturübergreifender, psychologischer Parameter, der durch Kindheitserfahrungen geformt wird. Obwohl das Bindungskonstrukt zur Stabilität neigt, können ...verschiedene, auch kulturelle Einflussfaktoren im Laufe des Lebens zu Veränderungen der Bindungsqualität führen. Das Beispiel der depressiven Störung im Erwachsenenalter macht die Bedeutsamkeit des kulturellen Hintergrundes anhand der klinisch differenten Manifestation der Symptome deutlich.
Methodik
In der vorliegenden Studie wurden inter- und intrakulturelle Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Bindungsqualität der drei Untersuchungsgruppen Türken im Heimatland, türkische Migranten und Österreicher (
N
= 297) mittels des Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogens RSQ untersucht. Innerhalb aller drei Gruppen wurde jeweils eine gesunde Vergleichs- (
N
= 153) sowie eine aktuell in einer depressiven Episode befindliche Patientengruppe (
N
= 144), die entweder stationär oder ambulant behandelt wurde, untersucht.
Fragestellung
Moderiert die Kultur einen Zusammenhang zwischen der depressiven Erkrankung und der Bindungsorientierung im Erwachsenenalter?
Ergebnisse
Interkulturell betrachtet waren die Vergleichs- im Gegensatz zu den Patientengruppen in allen Bindungsparametern als sicherer gebunden einzustufen. Während die österreichische Vergleichsgruppe dabei die sicherste Bindungsorientierung zeigte, wiesen die österreichischen Patienten, gefolgt von den Migranten, die höchste Unsicherheit auf. Im Vergleich der depressiven und gesunden Türken waren hingegen keine signifikanten Unterschiede feststellbar.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Kultur zeigt somit signifikante Effekte in Bezug auf die depressive Störung und die Bindungsdimensionen.
There have been theoretical speculations and empirical indications that individual differences in emotional intelligence (EI) are associated with quality of attachment, yet many issues regarding this ...relationship have remained unsettled or even unexplored. Spelling out and attempting to fill some of these gaps, the present study examined the specific contribution of attachment quality in explaining variance in both ability EI and trait EI, with traditionally conceived intelligence and the basic personality traits controlled for. Participants were 251 employed adults (116 males; age range 21–62,
M
= 40.3,
SD
= 8.14), who completed a test of ability EI; a questionnaire assessing trait EI; a battery of standard intelligence tests; a Five-Factor inventory of personality; and two self-report measures of attachment quality. Attachment security was found to be related to higher EI, associations being small-to-moderate for ability EI, and moderate-to-large for trait EI. In hierarchical regression analyses, attachment predicted a significant amount of unique variance in both ability and trait EI, beyond intelligence and personality. Moreover, attachment Anxiety surfaced as the best single (understandably, negative) predictor of both EIs, their only other mutual predictors being the g-factor and Conscientiousness. Altogether, these results yield a fuller picture of what constitutes individual differences in objectively assessed and self-perceived emotional abilities, revealing that a substantial portion of them may be understood with reference to attachment security. The present study thus warrants more extensive, longitudinal research into the developmental interplay between attachment and the two EIs.
The current study examined moderator roles of two dimensions of attachment quality (maternal availability and child dependency on mothers) in the relationship between personality traits (neuroticism ...and extraversion) and emotion regulation (ER) strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression). Differential effects of child dependency on mothers and maternal availability were expected on personality and ER strategies link. Participants were 267 first-year high school students from high schools located in Ankara, Turkey. Mean age of the adolescent sample was 15.00 (SD=0.39). Adolescents were administered scales assessing ER strategies, attachment quality, and personality traits. Results revealed that high extraversion was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal for adolescents who reported high dependency on mothers, but it was unrelated to cognitive reappraisal for adolescents who reported low dependency. On the other hand, high neuroticism was associated with increased expressive suppression for adolescents who reported low maternal availability in times of stress, but it was unrelated to expressive suppression for adolescents who reported high maternal availability. This study was the first to document that maternal availability and child dependency on mothers differentially moderate the association between ER strategies and personality traits. Findings will be discussed in line with socialization and cultural context.
•Maternal availability moderates the link between neuroticism and suppression.•Dependency moderates the link between extraversion and cognitive reappraisal.•Cultural factors seem influential on the link among ER, attachment and personality.
The prevalence of prenatal depression in pregnant women has found to be high, which may adversely affect the intimacy of a mother to her fetus. Few studies have investigated the relationship between ...prenatal depression and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant Chinese women. This study is thus designed to evaluate the prevalence rate, predictive factors of prenatal depression in Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the effect of prenatal depression on maternal-fetal attachment.
A total of 340 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited from a hospital in Anhui Province. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was rated to assess the prenatal depression; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to assess sleep quality and anxiety level for all participants. The Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) was used to assess maternal-fetal attachment.
The prevalence of prenatal depression in the participants was high (19.1%) in our study. The scores of prenatal anxiety and sleep disorders were higher with prenatal depression than in those without prenatal depression (47.6 ± 9.5 vs. 38.9 ± 6.9; 8.3 ± 3.3 vs. 6.1 ± 2.7, all
< 0.01). MAAS quality was lower in prenatal depression women than those in non-prenatal depression women (43.8 ± 5.6 vs. 46.4 ± 4.5,
< 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that prenatal depression was associated with parity, prenatal education, education level, marital satisfaction, anxiety and sleep disorders (all
< 0.05). Furthermore, binary logistic regression results showed that anxiety and sleep disorders were risk factors for prenatal depression. Prenatal education, higher marriage satisfaction were protective factors for prenatal depression. In addition, correlation analysis also showed that prenatal depression was positively correlated with MAAS intensity, but negatively correlated with MAAS quality.
Our results indicated a high prevalence of prenatal depression in women in the third trimester. Prenatal education and higher marital satisfaction were protective factors for prenatal depression; antenatal anxiety and sleep disorders during pregnancy were risk factors for prenatal depression. Prenatal depression was negatively correlated with MAAS quality, but positively correlated with MAAS intensity.
Selon la théorie de l’attachement, les soins de qualité prodigués dès la naissance par les parents ou leurs substituts permettent à l’enfant d’acquérir la confiance en soi nécessaire pour développer ...des compétences cognitives et sociales. Des méthodes ont été développées pour évaluer les différents styles d’attachement : sécure, ou insécure (évitant, ambivalent/résistant ou désorganisé/désorienté). La littérature met en évidence les facteurs influant sur le style d’attachement dans le mode de garde, dont l’organisation du mode d’accueil (désignation d’un adulte référent) et la relation de l’adulte à l’enfant et aux parents. L’étude est menée auprès d’un groupe d’enfants ayant fréquenté un jardin d’enfants ne désignant pas d’adulte référent et privilégiant la parole et l’écoute, comparé à un groupe d’enfants ayant fréquenté des crèches dans lesquelles l’adulte désigné comme étant en charge d’un enfant répond à ses demandes de contact corporel. La qualité de l’attachement des enfants est évaluée à l’aide du questionnaire PCV-P administré aux enseignantes de petite section de maternelle. Les résultats confirment l’hypothèse selon laquelle les enfants ayant fréquenté le jardin d’enfants tendent à présenter plus fréquemment un style d’attachement insécure que ceux du groupe témoin, probablement en raison de l’absence de référent stable et de contacts physiques. Cette étude illustre donc l’importance de l’organisation du mode de garde et la nature des soins dans la qualité de l’attachement des enfants à l’égard des adultes référents.
To facilitate understanding of the factors associated with child depressive symptoms in middle childhood, we examined the roles of parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment in child ...depressive symptoms among 150 Chinese parent–child dyads. The participating children’s ages ranged from 6 to 12 years old. Parental support for autonomy was coded from a conflict resolution and a cooperation task. Children reported their depressive symptoms and their attachment relationships with the participating parents. After controlling for parent depressive symptoms, parental support for autonomy was associated with fewer child depressive symptoms. The association between parental support for autonomy and child depressive symptoms was mediated by parent–child attachment quality, suggesting that parental support for autonomy was negatively associated with child depressive symptoms through its positive association with parent–child attachment quality. Moreover, the positive association between parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment quality was stronger for older children. The current study expanded the knowledge on parental support for autonomy in middle-childhood and its association with parent–child relationships and child mental health. Future research is encouraged to pay more attention to the role of parental support for autonomy in various aspects of child development for children in middle-childhood and pre-adolescence.
Close parent–child relationships are protective against the development of delinquent behavior. By creating a context for open communication and trust, parents positively influence adolescent ...development. The current study examined the associations among attachment quality, family problem- solving, and adolescent risk-taking behavior, as well as the mediating effect of family problem-solving on the relationship between attachment quality and adolescent risk-taking behavior. Participants included 520 adolescents (ages 10 to 19, M = 14.24) and their parents or guardians (N = 520). Two path analyses were conducted to test study hypotheses. As predicted, attachment quality was negatively associated with parent and adolescent perceptions of adolescent risk-taking behavior and positively related to family problem-solving ability, after controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Contrary to our hypothesis, family problem-solving ability did not mediate the effect of attachment quality on parent or youth perceptions of adolescent risk-taking behavior. Preventive interventions that encourage warm, supportive bonds between parents and youth may aid families in deterring youth from negative risk-taking behavior. Further research should examine other family-level factors that might influence adolescent risk-taking via direct and indirect pathways.
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