A number of reasons have been advanced in order to explain why banks began to expand worldwide. There were several aspects that were aimed such as the client-bank relationship, the need for people to ...cooperate with these institutions and financial intermediaries in the host country. Mergers seek to improve the revenue derived from services performed later, but the increase is offset by personnel costs increase, while acquisitions are observed in order to restructure the acquired bank's loan portfolio and on the application of the improved lending policies that lead to higher profits. These things were best observed during the current crisis period. Regardless of the negative effects of the crisis, there were some banks which were not impacted. The large banking groups merged and by this means they managed to gain the power to dominate and control the entire activity of the field.
The financial clout of global sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) is massive, and many of these are controlled by authoritarian regimes. It cannot be ruled out that these funds might take shareholding ...positions in banks which play key roles in other countries. This paper studies the extent to which SWFs have the potential ability to use shareholdings in critical banks as mechanisms to exert influence on other countries' banking systems, taking a comparative approach in considering the five smallest EU member states: Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The study concludes that SWFs would, in many cases, need to dedicate only a tiny portion of their assets in order to gain significant potential for influence within these countries.
Studies on the functioning of loan management models in banking institutions are of special significance for the ascertainment of efficient credit disbursement modalities and policies, with the aim ...of ensuring strategic and financial development. In their monetary programs, banks among other make assumptions on the increase of the demand for cash from loans for their respective economies and businesses. Supporting the economy through loans represents one of the main tasks of any banking system, and this is especially applicable in countries with specifics similar to our country. During the last half of the previous decade, the structure of deposits in the banking system underwent severe changes, which were generally in function of the country\'s development, but also assisted in the development of the banking system itself. The overall tendency of the deposits in the banking system was positive, and charts and series matrixes show their ever growing tendencies. However, the vulnerability and problems of the first decade after the establishment of any banking system are reflected in crises and problems noted in the structure and level of deposits of such banking systems, which in the case of Kosovo was further reflected in external and internal factors affecting loans and their overall default.
Awakening Africa's Sleeping Giant' explores the feasibility of restoring international competitiveness and growth in African agriculture through the identification of products and production systems ...that can underpin rapid development of a competitive commercial agriculture. Based on a careful examination of the factors that contributed to the successes achieved in Brazil and Thailand, as well as comparative analysis of evidence obtained through detailed case studies of three African countriesMozambique, Nigeria, and Zambiathe authors argue that opportunities abound for farmers in Africa to regain international competitiveness, especially in light of projected stronger world markets for agricultural commodities over the long term. This provides reasons for optimism regarding the future prospects for agriculture as a major source of inclusive growth in many parts of Africa.
In order to define and implement the most effective measures to overcome the difficulties of the post-crisis period, the policy-makers of ECB must identify not just main weaknesses of each banking ...system, but their strong points also. This requires the application of multi-criteria analysis, considering that policy-makers need to take into account a number of different aspects that, on the whole, indicate the quality of the banking system. Our aim is a comparative analysis of European banking systems right after the Brexit moment and within the framework of the tight new Basel III regulations. In this paper, we have ranked the banking systems of the 28 EU member states using multi-criteria analysis, specifically the PROMETHEE II method. The use of the PROMETHEE II method in combination with the entropy method offers a comprehensive insight into the banking system of each member state, given that the observed countries are ranked according to 9 conflicting criteria that are mostly used in banking system analysis. Our analysis shows that the banking systems in Central and Eastern Europe are the best performers, while the EMU’s developed banking systems such as the German, Italian, British, and French one are positioned among the last ranked. The Portuguese and Greek banking systems are, as expected, ranked in the last positions in our list. The obtained results also pointed out that the ECB should change its approach to the management and further development of a European Banking Union.
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of deposit insurance systems in the post-Soviet countries as of December 2017. The article brings up to date the earlier databases of Demirgüç-Kunt and ...various co-authors, covering 15 post-Soviet countries exclusively. The analysis shows that post-Soviet countries are on their way developing deposit insurance systems that can effectively protect clients and help establish a stable financial system. Altogether, the most crucial factor which does not allow post-Soviet countries to fully accept the EU deposit insurance regulations is the divergent course of economic development. The findings are further illustrated along the particular case of Ukraine.
This paper explores the lessons to be learned from why the neighbouring banking systems of Canada and the United States, that share numerous commonalities, fared so differently during two major ...financial crises. The explanations are deeply rooted in different tolerances for industry concentration and state involvement, and the divergent routes of the development of their financial systems, founding institutions, on-going governance and regulation, and competitive structures. Canada's success during the more recent 2007-09 financial crisis is attributed to more effective regulation and conservative banking practices, including (self-) imposed stricter limits on bank leverage, much stricter limits on unconventional mortgages, and less reliance on the use of more 'creative' investment types (e.g. subprime lending) and structured products.
In this article the author considers documents and scientific articles that should be used to configure monitoring and information security incident management process in an organization of banking ...system of Russia. Also key principles of monitoring configuration were marked up and a technique of monitoring configuration was proposed. Principles of monitoring system configuration were defined and a set of documents used to legitimate monitoring and information incident management process was considered.
In the US and many other countries, bank checks are preprinted with the account number and the check number in special ink and format; as such, these two numeric fields can be easily read and ...processed using automated techniques. However, the amount fields on a filled-in check is usually read by human eyes, and involves significant time and cost, especially when one considers that over 50 billion checks are processed per annum in the US alone. The system described in this paper uses the scanned image of a bank check to ‘read’ the check. It includes three main modules that allow for fully automated bank check processing.
These three modules are described in the paper; they focus sequentially on: the detection of strings within the image; the segmentation and recognition of string in a feedback loop; and the post-processing issues that help to ensure higher accuracy of recognition. The major benefit of the integrated system is the ability to address the complex problem of reading handwritten bank checks by implementing efficient algorithms for each processing step. All modules have been implemented and subsequently tested for reading the value of the check using different image databases. Due to the particular requirements of this application, the system can be tuned to yield low levels of incorrect readings; this, in turn, leads to higher levels of rejection than the levels encountered in other handwritten recognition applications. A ‘rejected’ check can be read subsequently by human eyes or other more advanced automated approaches. However, a check ‘read’ incorrectly is more difficult to deal with, in terms of costs and time involved to rectify the mistake. As such, our architecture can be geared towards producing the most suitable balance between inaccurate readings and rejection level, in accordance with user preferences. The experimental results presented in the paper do not focus on the best possible results for a particular database of checks; instead, they show the benefits attained independently by each of the modules proposed.
Due to the increasing importance of Internet Banking and the critical actions taken by banks in order to offer Internet banking services in Iran and also according to the increasing number of people ...using Internet Banking services, it is essential for bank marketers to understand Internet banking customers better. Only through this comprehension the marketers are able to develop strategies and tactics to attract and sustain their customers. In this study we have investigated the influential factors in Internet banking systems quality. Electronic questionnaires were applied for data gathering through a case study of Mellat Bank Internet banking customers. According to research findings and conclusions, it is suggested to apply internet banking customer’s viewpoint in designing internet banking systems to provide customers with the opportunity of using Internet banking services and achieving good experiences. In this way, Iranian banks can differentiate their net-based services from their competitors.
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