No Ceará é assim Mesquita, Marina Leitão
Estudos ibero-americanos,
04/2021, Letnik:
47, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Este trabalho aborda aspectos da história das dissidências de gênero e sexualidade no Nordeste Brasileiro, de forma a compreender como as pessoas transgêneras reconstroem sentidos de feminilidade, ...masculinidade e tradição. Para tanto, investiga-se a rede de concursos de beleza gay cearenses, partindo de seu contexto contemporâneo e adentrando as memórias daqueles que protagonizaram as primeiras edições, na década de 1950. A metodologia desenvolvida foi de base etnográfica, alinhando-a ao emprego da história oral. Recorreu-se, ainda, às notícias de jornais impressos e ao acervo pessoal preservado por produtores e artistas trans. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que os concursos de beleza gay alimentam um imaginário cearense voltado às dissidências de gênero e sexualidade, de maneira interligada aos setores do ramo da beleza. Além disso, esses certames representam espaços de militância e fontes de visibilidade e positivação das transgeneridades. Em contrapartida, observa-se a perseguição de um padrão de beleza referente a uma “feminilidade espetacular”, reiterando padrões hegemônicos e incorrendo em disputadas por legitimidade. Por fim, compreende-se a construção paulatina de um imaginário sobre o Ceará e sobre outras regiões do país, em especial a nordestina.
In 2015 and 2016, Ariana Miyamoto and Priyanka Yoshikawa became the first and second "hāfu" (half; multiracial) contestants to be crowned Miss Universe Japan and Miss World Japan respectively. ...Following their win, they were alternately ignored in mainstream media, lambasted online for not being "jun-nihonjin" (pure Japanese), and celebrated for heralding a multiracial and multiethnic Japan. I explore these discourses by examining how the two beauty queens were represented in Japanese-language and English-language news media and Girls Channel, an online forum popular among young women. Drawing on discourse analysis, I argue beauty pageants are important sites for understanding how race, gender, and ethnicity are complexly constructed in Japan. On one level, this stems from Japan's racialized ideologies of nation and long history of subjugating racioethnic minorities, but on another level, it is intertwined with classist and gendered beauty ideals of looking Japanese in beauty pageants. Looking Japanese is also informed by what I call "racialized privilege," invisible unearned advantages conferred upon jun-nihonjin based on their racioethnicity and, for women, tied to lineage (one's ancestors) and colorism (preference for lighter skin). Ultimately, this article aims to decenter EuroAmerican-centric media research on gender, beauty, and racioethnicity.
We study experimentally a new two-player game: each player requests an amount between 11 and 20 shekels. He receives the requested amount and if he requests exactly one shekel less than the other ...player, he receives an additional 20 shekels. Level-k reasoning is appealing due to the natural starting point (requesting 20) and the straightforward best-response operation. Nevertheless, almost all subjects exhibit at most three levels of reasoning. Two variants of the game demonstrate that the depth of reasoning is not increased by enhancing the attractiveness of the level-0 strategy or by reducing the cost of undercutting the other player. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
A novel experiment is used to show that the effect of a policy on the level of cooperation is greater when it is chosen democratically by the subjects than when it is exogenously imposed. In contrast ...to the previous literature, our experimental design allows us to control for selection effects (e. g., those who choose the policy may be affected differently by it). Our finding implies that democratic institutions may affect behavior directly in addition to having effects through the choice of policies. Our findings have implications for the generalizability of the results of randomized policy interventions.
We used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate human mental processes in a competitive interactive setting--the "beauty contest" game. This game is well-suited for investigating whether and how a ...player's mental processing incorporates the thinking process of others in strategic reasoning. We apply a cognitive hierarchy model to classify subject's choices in the experimental game according to the degree of strategic reasoning so that we can identify the neural substrates of different levels of strategizing. According to this model, high-level reasoners expect the others to behave strategically, whereas low-level reasoners choose based on the expectation that others will choose randomly. The data show that high-level reasoning and a measure of strategic IQ (related to winning in the game) correlate with the neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, demonstrating its crucial role in successful mentalizing. This supports a cognitive hierarchy model of human brain and behavior.
This paper explores the various ideals of beauty which globalization has created for women at the international, national and local level. It also highlights the various facets of beauty pageants ...which feed into these ideal types and notions. Furthermore, this paper looks at the claim that beauty pageants make, of being inclusive of diversity. Despite having women from different cultures, race and countries participate and even win the Miss World pageant, there are still a lot of categories which have been left out and the pageants are not completely inclusive. We have never seen a Fat Miss World or a Short Miss World. This paper calls attention to how these aesthetics are very usual but they have been completely excluded from the wider scope of the contest which idealizes unrealistic feminine standards of beauty.
The canonical model in economics considers people to be rational and self-regarding. However, much evidence challenges this view, raising the question of when "Economic Man" dominates the outcome of ...social interactions, and when bounded rationality or other-regarding preferences dominate. Here we show that strategic incentives are the key to answering this question. A minority of self-regarding individuals can trigger a "noncooperative" aggregate outcome if their behavior generates incentives for the majority of other-regarding individuals to mimic the minority's behavior. Likewise, a minority of other-regarding individuals can generate a "cooperative" aggregate outcome if their behavior generates incentives for a majority of self-regarding people to behave cooperatively. Similarly, in strategic games, aggregate outcomes can be either far from or close to Nash equilibrium if players with high degrees of strategic thinking mimic or erase the effects of others who do very little strategic thinking. Recently developed theories of other-regarding preferences and bounded rationality explain these findings and provide better predictions of actual aggregate behavior than does traditional economic theory.
Beauty pageants held by immigrant groups in their host country, or diasporic beauty contests, are a fascinating global phenomenon. While previous studies have mainly explored this practice within ...permanently settled immigrant communities, there is a dearth of research regarding beauty contests in communities of migrant workers. Based on a seven- year fieldwork in the Filipino community in Israel, this study asks why beauty pageants have become such a prominent event among migrant workers employed as live-in caregivers. Involving candidates from both genders, these events were found significant for migrant workers at the personal, communal and transnational level. The uniqueness of these pageants lies in their inclusive effect, as it is expressed on every level. Unlike the construction of a Western ideal of gendered beauty from which the majority is excluded, diasporic beauty contests offer every migrant worker the opportunity to participate. Thus, becoming a platform for social inclusion and allowing live-in migrant workers to become visible and respectable.
In this article, I compare the “Israeli Beauty Queen” 2006 contest and “Miss Asia-Israel” 2006 contest as public events describing everyday Israel. Comparing both contests reflects the wider social ...and cultural transformations Israel is facing. Each pageant produces dominant imagens and narratives about whom and what ‘Israeli’ women are and should be while simultaneously narrating who and models of Israeliness embodied through the display of the female body
One popular genre of YouTube content in the Philippines is the Miss Universe reaction video made by queer fans during pageant viewing parties. The videos show hysterical and dramatic expressions of ...fans which are conceptualized as a form of queer expression, kabaklaan Diaz (2018). Biyuti from below: Contemporary Philippine cinema and the transing of Kabaklaan. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 5(3), 404-424. By analyzing the circulation of the videos, the present study aims to identify the roles of YouTube users and digital platforms in the transformations of the queer expression. My findings suggest that the affordances of YouTube (visibility, participation, dissemination) contribute to the commodification of the reaction videos and the popularization of queer emotional performances. At the same time, YouTube provides a facility where users can participate in the politics of queer recognition. The study shows how circulation can account for cultural transformations and continuity on digital platforms.
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