Advances in research and development of bioplastic for food packaging Jariyasakoolroj, Piyawanee; Leelaphiwat, Pattarin; Harnkarnsujarit, Nathdanai
Journal of the science of food and agriculture,
November 2020, 2020-Nov, 2020-11-00, 20201101, Letnik:
100, Številka:
14
Journal Article
Bioplastics are considered to be an ideal replacement for conventional plastic packaging, but there seem to be considerable barriers to further development of the industry due the mismatch between ...the characteristics of bioplastics packaging and the products they are intended for. The collaboration between the bioplastic packaging producers and the product manufacturers should, therefore, result in the improvement of product functionality and innovation in packaging technologies. This paper explores the extent to which co-innovation has been adopted in the development of bioplastic packaging products within the context of supplier-customer collaboration. The paper reveals the key research gaps in co-innovation for bioplastic packaging, which also lead to the development of comprehensive indicators of bioplastic packaging product innovation and a conceptual framework that elaborates the co-innovation mechanism. The framework extends the existing concepts of co-innovation by adding several key mechanisms of joint activities, joint resources and relationship management, that ultimately act as the critical success factors of the co-innovation process in bioplastic packaging.
•We explore the extent to which co-innovation has been adopted in the development of bioplastic packaging products.•We employ the systematic literature review (SLR) as the research methodology.•Co-innovation generates positive outcomes in promoting product improvements, environmental performances and corporate performances.•We propose a conceptual framework depicting the co-innovation mechanism between the developers of bioplastic packaging and the product manufacturers.•The framework incorporates key mechanisms of joint activities, joint resources and relationship management acting as the critical success factors.
This review assesses the state-of-the-art in comparative Life Cycle Assessment of fossil-based and bio-based polymers. Published assessments are critically reviewed and compared to the European Union ...Product Environmental Footprint (EU PEF) standards. No published articles were found to fully meet the standards, but the critical review method was used to classify the articles by their level of compliance. 25 articles partially met the PEF standards, giving 39 fossil-based and 50 bio-based polymer case results. Ultimately, it was possible to compare seven bio-based polymers and seven fossil-based polymers across seven impact categories (energy use, ecotoxicity, acidification, eutrophication, climate change, particulate matter formation and ozone depletion). Significant variation was found between polymer types and between fossil-based and bio-based polymers, meaning it was not possible to conclusively declare any polymer type as having the least environmental impact in any category. Significant variation was also seen between different studies of the same polymer, for both fossil-based and bio-based polymers. In some cases this variation was of the order of 400%. Results suggest that a large part of this variation is related to the Life Cycle Assessment methodologies applied, particularly in the end-of-life treatment, the use of credits for absorbed Carbon Dioxide, and the allocation of multifunctional process impacts. The feedstock source and processing method assumed for bio-based polymers were also major sources of variation. The challenges of Life Cycle Assessment, particularly in a complex, geographically diverse and young industry like bio-based polymers, are recognised. It is proposed that the PEF standards should be adopted more widely in order to homogenise the methods used and allow meaningful comparison between LCA studies on fossil-based and bio-based polymers, and between studies of the same polymers.
•Claims that Bioplastics reduce environmental impact lack sufficient evidence.•Existing literature results are incomparable due to methodological variation.•No existing work fully complies with the EU Product Environmental Footprint method.•End-of-life treatment and multifunctional process treatments show most variation.
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•Food waste is the major organic waste generated world wide.•Valorization of food waste is a preferential strategy for food waste management.•Biofuel and bio-electricity production ...using food waste reduces environmental burden.
With the changing life-style and rapid urbanization of global population, there is increased generation of food waste from various industrial, agricultural, and household sources. According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), almost one-third of the total food produced annually is wasted. This poses serious concern as not only there is loss of rich resources; their disposal in environment causes concern too. Food waste is rich in organic, thus traditional approaches of land-filling and incineration could cause severe environmental and human health hazard by generating toxic gases. Thus, employing biological methods for the treatment of such waste offers a sustainable way for valorization. This review comprehensively discusses state-of-art knowledge about various sources of food waste generation, their utilization, and valorization by exploiting microorganisms. The use of microorganisms either aerobically or anaerobically could be a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for food waste management by generating biofuels, electrical energy, biosurfactants, bioplastics, biofertilizers, etc.
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•Recombinant S. cerevisiae produce high titres of fungal PLA hydrolases.•Crude supernatant effectively hydrolyses PLA emulsions, powders and films.•Enzyme hydrolysis resulted in ...release of 9.44 g/L lactic acid from 10 g/L PLA film.•Extreme fragmentation and more than 40% weight loss of PLA films observed.•Enzyme initially targets amorphous fraction before hydrolysis of crystalline region.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a major contributor to the global bioplastic production capacity. However, post-consumer PLA waste is not fully degraded during non-optimal traditional organic waste treatment processes and can persist in nature for many years. Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of PLA would contribute to cleaner, more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly waste management processes. However, high costs and a lack of effective enzyme producers curtail the large-scale application of such enzymatic systems. This study reports the recombinant expression of a fungal cutinase-like enzyme (CLE1) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produced a crude supernatant that efficiently hydrolyses different types of PLA materials. The codon-optimised Y294CLEns strain delivered the best enzyme production and hydrolysis capabilities, releasing up to 9.44 g/L lactic acid from 10 g/L PLA films with more than 40% loss in film weight. This work highlights the potential of fungal hosts producing PLA hydrolases for future commercial applications in PLA recycling.
Plastic waste generation has been increasing considerably, which bring about several environmental problems such as microplastics. In addition to the plastic pollution, the reduction in the use of ...petrochemical plastics is a key aspect to enhance sustainability. To alleviate the problems, the development of an innovative solution is rightly expected. Bioplastics are an alternative for conventional petrochemical plastics, recently gaining in a lot of attention. Microalgae can be an attractive source for the production of bioplastics given that they have a very distinctive growth yield in comparison to typical lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, the employment of microalgae to produce bioplastics affords a golden opportunity to enhance sustainability of plastic usage. Given recent scientific research achievements in bioplastic production from microalgae, a review of the achievements is required. In this regard, this study was aimed at providing a review on the production of bioplastics using microalgae, which laid great emphasis on determining the current state of microalgal bioplastic production technologies and offering potential processes and applications. The prospect of bioplastic production based on microalgae is also discussed, and important points and challenges facing further research into the microalgal bioplastics are highlighted.
The research looked at the anaerobic biodegradation of 9 different bioplastics, all of which were commercially available and certified in Europe as compostable packaging material compliant with the ...biodegradation and other requirements of the EN13432 standard. A combination of testing strategies was used to assess the degree of degradation both under batch conditions, and in a simulation in which the plastics and food waste were fed daily to a digester for a period of 147 days. Two non-biodegradable plastics were used as controls, and verified the robustness of the sampling regime and the recovery of the plastic film, with errors of <1% in the final balance. The simulation allowed quantification of the weight loss of the plastics and determination of a decay coefficient for the different materials, which was then used to estimate long-term degradation. Use of a biochemical methane potential (BMP) batch test allowed estimation of the conversion of carbon into gaseous products. There was no evidence that any of the plastic films inhibited the anaerobic digestion process when continuously fed to digesters, although some inhibition occurred when the most readily degradable materials were tested at higher concentrations in batch mode. There were some interesting differences between results from the various measures of plastic degradation in the batch and simulation experiments, with batch testing in most cases suggesting a higher degree of degradation than was achieved in a semi-continuous system at a solids retention time of 50 days. The exceptions to this were two plastics that appeared to show rapid weight loss in the simulation experiment. BMP test results confirmed this was not through biological conversion of the bioplastic to gaseous carbon products, and was therefore probably due to physical disintegration. It was concluded that, of the 9 bioplastics tested, only 4 showed substantial biodegradability under anaerobic conditions. Further evidence to support the mechanism of biodegradation was obtained by microscopy, and photomicrographs using different techniques are included to illustrate the process. Even the most degradable materials would not break down sufficiently to meet the physical contaminant criteria of the UK PAS110 specification for anaerobically digested material, if fed to a digester at 2.0% of the input load on a volatile solids basis.
•First long-term semi-continuous co-digestion study on a range of bioplastics.•Simple batch testing does not represent degradation in full-scale digesters.•Of 9 bioplastics tested, only 4 showed substantial anaerobic biodegradability.•Even the most degradable would not meet UK PAS110 physical contaminant criteria.
Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes (FVW) is challenging owing to logistic-related problems, as well as to their perishable nature and heterogeneity, among other factors. In this work, the ...main existing routes for food waste valorization are critically reviewed. The study focuses on FVW because they constitute an important potential source for valuable natural products and chemicals. It can be concluded that FVW management can be carried out following different processing routes, though nowadays the best solution is to find an adequate balance between conventional waste management methods and some emerging valorization technologies. Presently, both conventional and emerging technologies must be considered in a coordinated manner to enable an integral management of FVW. By doing so, impacts on food safety and on the environment can be minimized whilst wasting of natural resources is avoided. Depending on the characteristics of FVW and on the existing market demand, the most relevant valorization options are extraction of bioactive compounds, production of enzymes and exopolysaccharides, synthesis of bioplastics and biopolymers and production of biofuels. The most efficient emergent processing technologies must be promoted in the long term, in detriment of the conventional ones used nowadays. In consequence, future integral valorization of FVW will probably comprise two stages: direct processing of FVW into value-added products, followed by processing of the residual streams, byproducts and leftover matter by means of conventional waste management technologies.
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•Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) management is reviewed in this work.•Conventional (end-of-pipe) and innovative valorization approaches are considered.•Bioactive compounds extraction/production appears to be the most desirable option.•Enzymes, exopolysaccharides, bioplastics and biofuels can be also obtained from FVW.•Integral FVW management will require both conventional and valorization solutions.
Industries are working to minimize their reliance on petrochemicals and petroleum-based industrial components and replace them with biobased, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternatives ...due to the global warming emergency caused by the uncontrolled production of greenhouse gases. The agricultural waste provides large volumes of lignocellulosic biomass, a sustainable resource material to develop a wide portfolio of bioproducts. Recent developments in integrated biorefineries have enhanced the utilization of waste lignocellulose components to generate biofuels, platform chemicals, resins, bioplastics, additives, and other biobased materials for a variety of applications. Here in this review, we have summarized recent advancements in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste. Additionally, this review thoroughly discussed the recent technological advancements in the utilization of various lignocellulose biomass constituents for biofuels, biocomposites, and bioplastics. Finally, an assessment of the currently existing literature gaps and prospective future perspectives for the development of lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste has been conducted.
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•Circular economy principles can help in reducing the impact on natural resources.•Researchers and businesses are showing interest in lignocellulose biorefineries.•LCB offers renewable feedstock for many application areas i.e. bioplastics and fuel.•This review gives readers a clearer grasp of how LCB is used in circular economies.
This article focuses on the end-of-life management of bio-based products by recycling, which reduces landfilling. Bio-plastics are very important materials, due to their widespread use in various ...fields. The advantage of these products is that they primarily use renewable materials. At its end-of-life, a bio-based product is disposed of and becomes post-consumer waste. Correctly designing waste management systems for bio-based products is important for both the environment and utilization of these wastes as resources in a circular economy. Bioplastics are suitable for reuse, mechanical recycling, organic recycling, and energy recovery. The volume of bio-based waste produced today can be recycled alongside conventional wastes. Furthermore, using biodegradable and compostable bio-based products strengthens industrial composting (organic recycling) as a waste management option. If bio-based products can no longer be reused or recycled, it is possible to use them to produce bio-energy. For future effective management of bio-based waste, it should be determined how these products are currently being managed. Methods for valorizing bio-based products should be developed. Technologies could be introduced in conjunction with existing composting and anaerobic digestion infrastructure as parts of biorefineries. One option worth considering would be separating bio-based products from plastic waste, to maintain the effectiveness of chemical recycling of plastic waste. Composting bio-based products with biowaste is another option for organic recycling. For this option to be viable, the conditions which allow safe compost to be produced need to be determined and compost should lose its waste status in order to promote bio-based organic recycling.
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