•Extracted Biofuel from the bio waste of Chicken shop by transesterification process.•Extracted Chicken waste oil (Biofuel) was enhanced with ZnO Nanoparticles.•BCW20/200ZnO Nanofuel exhibited 25% ...higher BTE than pure Diesel.•BCW20/100ZnO Nanofuel exhibited 13% higher BTE than pure Diesel.•SFC of BCW20/200ZnO and BCW20/100ZnO are 4% & 1% lesser than diesel.
Microbial engineering is a new class of engineering that integrates the technologies of developing alternate fuels with chemical engineering and biotechnology. Clean technology-based research creates a high social impact and offers high benefits to society. This manuscript addresses the utilisation of biowaste from chicken shops for generating biofuel through transesterification and preparing Nano-fuels. The extracted biofuel was considered for preparing the B20 grade biodiesel, the biodiesel enhanced by mixing of ZnO nanoparticles (Nano-fuels). Through Ultrasonicator the B20 grade biodiesel mixed with ZnO (Zinc Oxide) Nanoparticles (50 Nano-meter (nm) average-sized) at two different concentrations. The proposed fuels like BCW20 biodiesel (20 %Chicken biowaste oil and 80 % Diesel), Nano-fuels (concentrations of 100 parts per million (ppm) and 200 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles) and tested these fuels in diesel engines to ensure its compatibility. The performance above said fuels were compared in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), combustion performance by In-cylinder Pressure (ICP) and Heat Release Rate (HRR), and emission performance by emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO). The comparative analysis revealed that 200 ppm ZnO nanoparticles concentrated Nano fuel outperformed by yielding 27 % higher BTE, proved economy by 4 % lesser BSFC, and also reduced NOx, HC, and CO emissions by 17 %, 7 %, and 11 %, respectively. The best operating condition is the use of BCW20 + 200 ZnO fuel, in particularly above 3.5KW of brake power (BP), the BSFC recorded less, at above 75 % load HC emissions found less and remaining other aspects there is no limitation in the use of recommended BCW20 + 200 ZnO fuel.
•Described the technology for refining biowaste into bioenergy and bioproducts.•The circular economy laid the groundwork for the advancement of bioenergy and bioproducts.•Outlined the implications, ...problems, and future directions of a moderncircular economy.
The generation of bioenergy and bioproducts from biowaste streams has piqued global interest in achieving a cutting-edge circular economy. The integration of biowaste into the cutting-edge circular economy has the potential to significantly increase the production of sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy. The potential for advanced forms and innovations to transform complicated, natural-rich biowastes into a variety of bioproducts and bioenergy with an advanced circular economy has been demonstrated in this article. It is described to emphasise the critical nature of research into improving biowaste conversion into circular economies and the impact that bioeconomy has on various societal sectors. The present study examined how microbial profiles have transformed treasured bioenergy and bioproducts aspirations into mechanical bioproducts marvels discovered through cutting-edge microbial analyses of biowaste. Additionally, the article discussed contemporary experiences with the developing circular economy of biowaste as a resource for numerous bioproducts and bioenergy businesses, as well as the emanant biowaste biorefinery methods that could be used to evaluate industrial-scale maintainable financial models for updated bioproducts and other generation-related issues.
Over the last decade, commercialization of insects for food and feed has been exponentially increasing. Insect protein is emerging as a sustainable livestock feed and human food alternative due to ...its low land and carbon footprint. The principles of insect industry are deeply embedded in the core values of sustainability and circular economy. Black soldier fly (BSF) is the crown jewel of insect industry and is one of the most commercially farmed insects. However, this steadfast growth is accompanied by generation of insect based biowaste such as dead flies and pupae exuviae. This will be a major waste fraction from this industry. This study discusses the valorization potential of this waste into chitin (which finds application in cosmetics, bioplastics, and pesticides, among other industries), biogas, fertilizer, and biochar. There is need to conduct more explorative research on value proposition of insect based biowaste to ensure that this industry can comply fully with circular economy and sustainability principles.
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•Dead flies and pupae exuviae are major waste fraction from Black Soldier fly (BSF) industry.•Globally, the BSF industry is projected to generate 359 t of dead flies every day.•Biowaste from the BSF industry can be valorized in chitin, biogas, biochar, fertilizer, among others.
In this study, a new carbon-metal (C-Ti) interface was synthesized by chemically connecting perovskite ilmenite-type (FeTiO) nanostructures with carbon produced from biowaste (BC) using a simple ...sol-gel process assisted by ultrasonication. This interface can use visible light to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons (methanol solution) and remove the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF) from wastewater. Following optimization, BC15@FeTiO nanostructures displayed the highest visible light active photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 415.43 μmol·h−1·g−1. Furthermore, these nanostructures removed the CIF rate at 91.09 % for 120 minutes. The efficient electron transfer between BC and FeTiO via the chemically connected C-Ti interface promotes the formation of visible-light active photocatalytic hydrogen generation from methanol and the removal of antibiotic CIF into innocuous byproducts. This study also offers a new, low-cost carbon material made chemically from biowaste.
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•C-Ti interface was created by chemically linking biowaste-derived carbon with FeTiO perovskite.•Interface is applied for visible-light hydrogen generation from hydrocarbons (methanol).•Synthesized catalyst is applied for antibiotic ciprofloxacin removal from wastewater.•BC15@FeTiO exhibited highest rate as visible-light active photocatalytic for hydrogen production.•These nanostructures achieved a CIF elimination efficiency of 91.09 % for 120 minutes.
•Water-soluble biowaste binder is devised for natural graphite anode.•Biowaste binder leads to comparable rate capabilities.•Graphite anode with water-soluble biowaste binder has stable ...cycling.•Structural integrity of natural graphite is well maintained after cycling.•Minimal electrode resistance occurs even after cycling.
Anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial, as lithium insertion takes place in the anode during the charging process. Also, it is rational to replace the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) with a water-soluble binder because the former employs N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which is environmentally harmful. To address the problem, we fabricated natural graphite (NG)-based anodes with water-soluble biowaste (W-SB) binders from the gum of the tree Cochlospermum gossypium and PVdF. Both of the electrodes were fabricated using 10 wt% of binder and were evaluated for their electrochemical performance. The NG-W-SB electrode showed good mechanical properties and maintained structural integrity after cycling, this promoted low charge transfer resistance on the electrode. NG-W-SB-based electrode showed high current peaks in the 1st cycle being an indication of enhanced electrochemical performance, unlike the NG-PVdF electrode which showed slightly low peaks. NG-W-SB maintained a higher stable capacity retention up to 360 cycles, whereas NG-PVdF had a capacity degradation after 200 cycles indicating a low capacity retention until the end of the cycle. Generally, W-SB binders showed highly enhanced cycling retention characteristics, comparable rate capabilities, and lower electrode resistance, which opened a new avenue for adopting biowaste (gum) as a functional water-soluble binder for LIBs applications.
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•Biochar-based materials show potential for arsenic removal from water.•Various factors and feedstock type could influence arsenic removal.•Arsenic fate, redox transformation and ...removal mechanisms are discussed.•Application of modified biochars for treatment of arsenic in water is elucidated.
Biochar is considered to be the cost-effective, environmentally-friendly and sustainable sorbent that has an extraordinary potential to efficiently remove toxic elements, including arsenic (As) from water. Until now, no review has focused to understand various important and intriguing aspects on biochar use as a sorbent for As removal from water, either pristine or modified. This review discusses various factors governing As removal potential of biochars (e.g., pH, biochar dose and physico-chemical properties of biochar), sequestration mechanisms, fate of sorbed As on biochar and the redox-mediated interactions between biochar and As. The significance of biochar-derived materials for the treatment of As-contaminated drinking water/wastewater and their potential regeneration ability is also critically discussed, which has not been previously elaborated. This comprehensive review article could be greatly valuable for scientists, policymakers, water treatment industries, environmentalists and graduate students, who are involved in biochar-As research. The review covers some new overarching and key scientific opportunities for the remediation of As-contaminated water using biochar-based materials, which is a potential health risk to millions of people worldwide.
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•Anaerobic Digesters contribute to decentralised energy generation.•Proper study on biowastes types and availability improves conversion efficiency.•Biochemical conversion is ...economically feasible in rural areas.•New generation of biomass and technologies could contribute to clean energy.•Multistage digestion and solar thermal energy improve conversion efficiency.•The economic benefits in utilizing the digestate as chemical fertilizer.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) could be a promising methodology to convert biowastes to sustainable fuel for applications like power generation, heating, drying, cooling and so on. Forceful amendment in technologies, government policies, social behavior and economic aspiration cause vital analysis of those factors for successful generation of energy from biowastes. To accomplish the need, the current review deals with the status of biowastes utilization, biowaste conversion technologies and influencing parameters of the conversion process. This paper conjointly reviews totally different pre-treatment and co-digestion ways that improve the effectiveness of AD. Moreover, the economic merits of these well-studied technologies are summarized and compared in terms of autoclave performance, environmental advantages, and the status of real-world applications.
Biowaste remediation and valorization for environmental sustainability focuses on prevention rather than cleanup of waste generation by applying the fundamental recovery concept through ...biowaste-to-bioenergy conversion systems - an appropriate approach in a circular bioeconomy. Biomass waste (biowaste) is discarded organic materials made of biomass (e.g., agriculture waste and algal residue). Biowaste is widely studied as one of the potential feedstocks in the biowaste valorization process due to its being abundantly available. In terms of practical implementations, feedstock variability from biowaste, conversion costs and supply chain stability prevent the widespread usage of bioenergy products. Biowaste remediation and valorization have used artificial intelligence (AI), a newly developed idea, to overcome these difficulties. This report analyzed 118 works that applied various AI algorithms to biowaste remediation and valorization-related research published between 2007 and 2022. Four common AI types are utilized in biowaste remediation and valorization: neural networks, Bayesian networks, decision tree, and multivariate regression. The neural network is the most frequent AI for prediction models, the Bayesian network is utilized for probabilistic graphical models, and the decision tree is trusted for providing tools to assist decision-making. Meanwhile, multivariate regression is employed to identify the relationship between experimental variables. AI is a remarkably effective tool in predicting data, which is reportedly better than the conventional approach owing to its characteristics of time-saving and high accuracy. The challenge and future work in biowaste remediation and valorization are briefly discussed to maximize the model's performance.
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•Artificial intelligence application for biowaste-to-bioenergy is reviewed.•Feedstock selection and conversion pathways are significant topics in bioenergy systems.•AI types of connectionism and statistical learning models are frequently implemented.•AI models provide computing data analysis with a high-accuracy prediction.•Model adjustment and configuration tuning are still challenging in AI development.
Lignocellulosic waste generation and their improper disposal has accelerated the problems associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions and associated environmental pollution. Constructive ways ...to manage and mitigate the pollution associated with lignocellulosic waste has propelled the research on biochar production using lignocellulose-based substrates. The sustainability of various biochar production technologies in employing lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock for biochar production not only aids in the lignocellulosic biomass valorization but also helps in carbon neutralization and carbon utilization. Functionalization of biochar through various physicochemical methods helps in improving their functional properties majorly by reducing the size of the biochar particles to nanoscale and modifying their surface properties. The usage of engineered biochar as nano adsorbents for environmental applications like dye absorption, removal of organic pollutants and endocrine disrupting compounds from wastewater has been the thrust areas of research in the past few decades. This review presents a comprehensive outlook on the up-to-date research findings related to the production and engineering of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass and their applications in environmental remediation especially with respect to wastewater treatment. Further a detailed discussion on various biochar activation methods and the future scope of biochar research is presented in this review work.
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•Properties and applications of lignocellulose derived nano-adsorbents were discussed.•Application of lignocellulose derived nano-adsorbents for pharmaceuticals removal was elaborated.•Methods for preparation and activation of biochar from lignocellulosic waste was summarized.•Future prospects in lignocellulose-based biochar nano adsorbents were highlighted.
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