3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) is a common secondary product of Lactobacillus sp. and promotes adventitious-root formation in Azuki beans (Vigna angularis). Root promotion activity of PLA is ...synergistically enhanced by tryptophan (Trp). In this study, stereoisomers of PLA and Trp amide conjugates and their alkyl esters were synthesized to investigate the structure–activity relationships on root-promotion activity. The rooting activity of D-PLA-L-Trp conjugate shows more than 40 times higher than that of the mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. Modification of PLA-Trp with ethyl ester showed the highest activity at 3,400 times of a mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. However, L-or D-PLA-D-Trp conjugate and the isopropyl ester of PLA-Trp conjugates, both lost the root promotion activity and implicated that a requirement for steric structure for PLA related root promotion mechanism. Unlike auxin substances, which are commonly used as rooting agents that displayed high activity in low concentrations, PLA-Trp ethyl ester exhibited far less phytotoxicity at high concentration of 1 mM, despite its high rooting activity. Innovation of PLA-Trp ethyl ester may be expected for agricultural aspects with low environmental impact.
The study aims to investigate the response of growth and production of the corn plant (Zea mays L.) due to the provision of bokashi cow dung and Tempe industrial liquid waste. This study was ...conducted in February 2017 until June 2017 at Lahan Perkebunan Rakyat Jalan Manunggal Ujung, Desa Bandar Klippa, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, Medan Tembung. The design used was Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications and consisted of two factors studied: Bokashi consisting of four levels, e.i : B0 : Control, B1 : 15 ton/ha, B2 : 30 ton/ha and B3 : 45 ton/ha. The use of industrial liquid waste Tempe consisting of four levels, namely, e.i: L0 : Control, L1 : 30 ml/l, L2 : 60 ml / l, L3 : 90 ml/l. The observation data was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the use of bokashi cow dung had a significant effect on the observation parameters of height, leaf length and cob weight in corn plants that have been observed and not significant to the observation of leaf number, leaf area, dry seed weight each plot. The use of industrial effluent of Tempe has a significant effect on leaf length parameter at age 6 weeks after planting and cob weight/plant each plot but not significant effect on observation of plant height, leaf number, leaf area, dry seed weight each plot.
The organic fruit market has expanded considerably in recent years, but for the establishment of more productive organic orchards, several aspects need to be studied, starting with obtaining good ...quality seedlings. In this work, different formulations of organic substrates were evaluated to select the one that provides greater vigor to Passiflora edulis Sims seedlings. The study was conducted under anti-aphid screen conditions in two regions of Bahia (Reconcavo da Bahia, Chapada Diamantina), using a completely randomized design. The substrates were prepared using different proportions of coconut fiber, vermiculite, bovine manure and bokashi. At 60 days after sowing, germination vigor, gas exchange and growth parameters were evaluated. The data were submitted to principal component analysis and the groups formed were represented by box plots and compared by the Tukey test. Three groups were formed from PCA for the seedlings produced in both regions and the joint analysis, considering the two environments. In Chapada Diamantina, the seedlings produced in group 1, corresponding to 40% of the substrates tested, stood out for their root characteristics. In Reconcavo da Bahia, the seedlings showed low variation between the treatments G1C and G2C (80% substrates), compared to the G3C seedlings. The best performance was observed in the seedlings produced in Chapada Diamantina, but the use of coconut fiber and soil (CfSB), vermiculite and soil (SVB), both with 5% bokashi, produced excellent seedlings in both regions, so it is recommended for the organic production of P. edulis.
This work showed for the first time that organic nutrient transformation techniques based on locally available materials (manure, green waste and advanced biochar) can increase fertilizing efficiency ...of the resulting substrate by a factor of three compared with other organic amendments without biochar. We used three different composting methods to investigate the techniques of organic nutrient transformations; i) conventional composting (composting process completed without turning the piles) ii) aerobic composting (composting process with manual turning of piles) and iii) bokashi composting (anaerobic lacto-fermentation). Composting was carried out in the absence (compost alone) and the presence of biochar (co-composted). Biochar was produced locally from an invasive forest shrub 'Eupatorium adenophorum'. A pot trial with maize grown in silty loam soil was carried out to investigate the agronomic effect produced using three above-mentioned composting methods that were compared with conventional mineral fertilizers (NPK). Significant effects of co-composted bokashi-biochar (60 t ha
−1
) were observed on maize growth, which increased biomass by 243% compared to mineral NPK, also showing better growth effects than conventional and aerobic composting amendments. Improved soil available nutrients (available P and other exchangeable base cations (K
+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
)) were probably the cause of the superior growth effect of co-composted bokashi-biochar.
Growth potential, simplicia yields, and secondary metabolites of sinensetin varieties kumis kucing can be increased through fertilization management. The aim of this research was to examine the ...effect balance of bokashi and inorganic fertilizer on growth, simplicia yields and secondary metabolites of sinensetin kumis kucing varieties. The design of research was a split-plot field experiment, with the main plot were varieties (Orsina 1 and Orsina 2) and subplots in bokashi fertilization of goat manure (control, bokashi 15 tons ha-1, bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 100% inorganic fertilizer dose recommendation, bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 50% recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 100% recommended inorganic fertilizer). Inorganic fertilizer recommendations consist of Urea 100 kg ha-1, SP36 200 kg ha-1, and KCl 100 kg ha-1. The results showed that the use of bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased growth. Besides it also produced the highest simplicia of 48.57 g plant-1 and the highest secondary metabolite of 0.045% plant-1 in Orsina 1. Both kumis kucing varieties did not show growth differences and yields. Bokashi fertilizer can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in the growth and simplicia yields and potentially increase sinensetin of kumis kucing.
Strawberries are a valuable crop in Kenya with the potential for significant economic contributions. However, strawberry production in the country has been facing considerable challenges, impacting ...its economic potential. This study examined the influence of organic manure on strawberry growth and characteristics in Kabete and Mbooni areas in Kenya. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included livestock manure (well composted mixture of chicken, goat, and cow manure), bokashi manure, and a control, coded as LivManure, BokManure and Control, respectively. Growth parameters including leaf area, number of white flowers and number of runners, as well as yield parameters such as the number and weight of strawberries were assessed from the 3rd to 10th week after transplanting, during the short rain season of 2021. Using R statistical software, linear models were fitted to datasets from both study sites and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons. The rigorous analysis of the Kabete and Mbooni datasets provided insightful revelations about the influence of different treatments on strawberry characteristics, and geographical disparities between the two regions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) outcomes unveiled significant treatment effects in both sites, with F(2,69) = 62.57, p < 0.001 for Kabete and F(2,69) = 49.02, p < 0.001 for Mbooni, highlighting distinct influences of treatments on log values within each group. Post hoc analyses, including Tukey tests and bootstrap comparisons robustly validated the significant differences among the three treatments in each site, supported by p-values <0.001. Effect sizes were also employed to reinforce the findings, and planned contrasts were set to gain more power in the analysis of variance. Comparison between Kabete and Mbooni indicated a significant difference of 9.78 units, with Mbooni area exhibiting significantly higher strawberry characteristics compared to Kabete. The results showed that LivManure treatment had the highest mean in both sites, followed by BokManure and Control treatments, respectively. These findings have important implications for agriculture, and highlight the potential benefits of using LivManure treatment to improve strawberry characteristics in similar agroclimatic settings. These observations can be attributed to the beneficial effects of livestock manure on soil health, which include buffering of the soil reaction, provision of essential plant nutrients and enhancement of soil faunal activities. Balanced use of livestock manure is recommended to enhance soil macro and micronutrients, and soil reaction for improved growth and yield of strawberry.
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•Organic manure boosts strawberry growth.•Livestock manure outperforms, with bokashi following closely, in enhancing strawberry growth.•Soil and climate impact crop production success.
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•Four zoo animal dungs were pre-composted using traditional or bokashi method for 1month.•Reproductive potential index of Eisenia foetida was higher in common composting.•Vermicompost ...maturity index values were the highest when the bokashi method was used.•The two pre-composting methods are good alternative to treat dung wastes.
Disposal of animal manure without treatment can be harmful to the environment. In this study, samples of four zoo animal dungs and one horse dung were pre-composted in two ways: (a) traditional composting and (b) bokashi pre-composting for 1month, followed by vermicomposting for 3months. The permanence (PEf) and reproductive potential (RP) of Eisenia foetida as well as the quality of vermicompost were evaluated. The PEf values and RP index of E. foetida were higher for samples pre-composted using the traditional composting method (98.7–88% and 31.85–16.27%, respectively) followed by vermicomposting (92.7–72.7% and 22.96–13.51%, respectively), when compared with those for bokashi pre-composted samples followed by vermicomposting, except for the horse dung sample (100% for both the parameters). The values of electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, total N, available P, C/N ratio, and pH showed that both treatments achieved the norms of vermicompost (<4mScm−1, 40cmolkg−1, 20–50%, 1–4%, ≤20, 5.5–8.5, respectively). However, the maturity indices of vermicompost, namely, organic matter loss, N loss, and CEC/organic carbon (OC) ratio indicated that bokashi pre-composting followed by vermicomposting produced the highest values (98.7–70.7%, 97.67–96.65%, and 2.7–1.97%, respectively), when compared with the other method adapted in this study. Nevertheless, further studies with plants for plant growth evaluation are needed to assess the benefits and limitations of these two pre-composting methods prior to vermicomposting.
A coastal sandy land is a potential land used for soybean cultivation. The success in developing soybeans in coastal sandy land depends on the suitability of cultivars used and the cultivation ...technology applied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth of twelve soybean cultivars in coastal sandy land as affected by the application of banana pseudo-stem bokashi. The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment factors consisted of rates of bokashi (0, 20, 40, and 60 ton.ha-1) and 12 soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Demas 1, Dena 1, Devon 1, Gamasugen 1, Gema, Gepak Ijo, Grobogan, Kaba, and Slamet). The net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, and root and shoot dry weight were affected by the bokashi rates, with varying responses according to the soybean cultivar. Demas 1 cultivar was the most adaptive cultivar in coastal sandy land based on its ability to accumulate dry matter of plants. The accumulation of dry matter of roots and shoots increased with bokashi application and the optimum rate were 42.83 ton.ha-1 and 45.56 ton.ha-1, respectively.
The decrease of soybean productivity was caused by low quality of seed. To improve the quality of seed, soybean seed were coated with Trichoderma sp. and adding bokashi organic fertilizer. This ...research aimed at finding the best dose combination of Trichoderma sp. and bokashi fertilizer to improve the quality of soybeans. The research was conducted in the experiment field and Laboratory of Seed Technology at Padjadjaran University in April - August 2017. The experimental design in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were the combination of four dose values of coating the seed by Trichoderma sp. (0g/100 seeds, 1g/100 seeds, 2g/100 seeds, and 3g/100 seeds) and three dose of bokashi (0g/polybag, 300g/polybag, and 600g/polybag) and each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment result showed that all treatments on soybean seeds did not affect the germination percentange, vigor index, and conductivity value, but affected the seed quantityof 600g/polybag of bokashi and without seed coating with Trichoderma sp. on 100 seed mass and seed weight per plant.
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