Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce ...an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost's effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues.
The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden University of Asahan, Faculty of Agriculture, Kisaran Timur Subdistrict, Asahan Regency, with flat topography, type C climate according to ...Oldeman and place height ± 20 m asl. The research was conducted from June to August 2018. The research was conducted using factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of bokashi banana peel fertilizer as the first factor with 3 treatment levels, namely: P0 = 0 kg/plot, P1 = 3 kg/plot, P2 = 6 kg/plot and imperata mulch as the second factor with 4 levels, namely: A0 = 0 kg/plot, A1 = 0.8 kg/plot, A2 = 1.6 kg/plot, A3 = 2.4 kg/plot. The best dose bokashi banana peel is given in 6 kg/plot (P2) which produces 142.28 cm plant height, 845.49 cm2 leaf area, 1.75 kg production per sample plant, and 8.71 kg production per plot. While for production per hectare is 21 tons. Imperata mulch application has no effect on plant height and leaf area. However, it has a significant effect on the parameters of production per sample plant of 1.71 kg and production per plot of 8.38 kg with treatment of 2.4 kg/plot (A3). The interaction of bokashi banana peel and imperata mulch application showed no significant effect on all observed parameters.
Abstract
The availability of fertile land is currently increasingly limited, so land use leads to suboptimal land. Suboptimal land constraints are low elements of N, P, K, S, and microelements, low ...soil pH, the possibility of Al and Fe poisoning. The use of bokashi quail manure and rice husk biochar is expected to overcome suboptimal land constraints. The objective of this study is to apply the best amount of bokashi and biochar to soybean plants in poor soil. The study employed a completely randomized design, a field experiment methodology. The study used two types of treatments: bokashi quail dung, which came in doses of 15, 30, and 45 grams per polybag, and rice husk biochar, which came in doses of 15, 30, and 45 grams per polybag. According to the study’s findings, applying bokashi 30 grams per polybag along with 15 grams of rice husk biochar per polybag could lead to the greatest rise in soil pH when compared to other treatments. The use of bokashi quail manure alone, at doses between 30 and 45 grams per polybag, can result in the highest plant height and number of leaves compared to other treatments.
This study deals with the evaluation of the biological parameters and population growth of TSSM in strawberry fertilized with different doses and sources of organic fertilizers. Plants were grown in ...a greenhouse where the treaments were: Bokashi compost, Penergetic®, boiled chicken manure solution at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% concentrations; and control (unfertilized plants). The immature duration, adult females longevity, number and viability of eggs were determined through mite rearing on leaf disks taken from the treated plants. Populations of TSSM adult females on strawberry leaves were also recorded in greenhouse. In addition, the levels of nitrogen, potassium and phenolic compounds were determined in leaves. Shorter immature period, higher female longevity, higher number and viability of eggs were obtained for TSSM reared on Bokashi fertilized plants. Denser adult TSSM population was also found on Bokashi fertilized plants in greenhouse. A moderate and positive correlation was observed between nitrogen foliar levels and egg numbers, adult female longevity, as well as between potassium foliar amount and mites density. The leaf content in phenolic compounds was correlated positively with the deutonymph duration and negatively with population density recorded in greenhouse.
Soil enzymes secure our food security; however, they are sensitive to abiotic stresses. Solving the global issues of food waste by implementing Sandwich compost can be a great solution to secure food ...security. Food waste Sandwich compost substrate (as soil treatment) and leachate (as seed priming agent and liquid fertilizer) were used to grow Bok Choy for four cycles, where soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), moisture content, aggregate stability and enzyme activity were determined. All variables were positively corelated except catalase activity. Sandwich compost treatment significantly increased soil pH close to neutral and CEC. Anaerobic Sandwich compost-treated soil significantly reduced soil catalase activity. However, it gradually increased throughout the growing cycle. Sandwich compost treatment significantly maintained the aggregate stability along growing cycles. Hence, Sandwich compost substrate is recommended to improve soil quality in the aspects of pH, CEC and urease activity.
The importance of organic farming has increased through the years to promote food security allied with minimal harm to the ecosystem. Besides the environmental benefits, a recurring problem ...associated with organic management is the unsatisfactory yield. A possible solution may rely on the soil microbiome, which presents a crucial role in the soil system. Here, we aimed to evaluate the soil bacterial community structure and composition under organic and conventional farming, considering the tropical climate and tropical soil.
Our organic management treatments were composed by composted poultry manure and green manure with Bokashi. Both organic treatments were based on low nitrogen inputs. We evaluated the soil bacterial community composition by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, soil fertility, and soil enzyme activity in two organic farming systems, one conventional and the last transitional from conventional to organic.
We observed that both organic systems evaluated in this study, have higher yield than the conventional treatment, even in a year with drought conditions. These yield results are highly correlated with changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activity. The attributes pH, Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, and β- glucosidase activity are positively correlated with organic systems, while K and Al are correlated with conventional treatment. Also, our results show in the organic systems the changes in the soil bacteria community, being phyla
and
the most abundant. These phyla were correlated with soil biochemical changes in the organic systems, helping to increase crop yields.
Different organic management systems, (the so-called natural and organic management systems, which use distinct organic sources), shift the soil bacterial community composition, implying changes in their functionalities. Also, our results contributed to the identification of target bacterial groups and changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activity in a trophic organic farming system, which may contribute to higher crop yields.
Bagasse is the major leftover material from the sugarcane industry, and it has significant untapped energy. Biogas production from bagasse is employed as eco-friendly energy but its intricate ...composition makes it resistant to degradation. This study endeavors to explore the impact of bokashi technology, a technique that applies effective microorganisms on the potential methane production from bagasse. According to findings, bagasse had the ability to produce biogas but applying bokashi technology to bagasse led to getting more methane production. The methane production from treated bagasse for one month via bokashi bran was 243.80 LCH
4
/kg
VS
compared to 106.84 LCH
4
/kg
VS
only from fresh bagasse which is often attributed to improved fibrous carbohydrates degradation by the pre-treatment process. The reduction of total solids and chemical oxygen demand were more with treated bagasse. Two-dimensional mathematical modeling (TDMM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to forecast the production of methane through the anaerobic co-digestion process. The main advantage of ANN model is its ability to be constructed and trained for any experiment, regardless of the availability of a pre-existing study or understanding of the underlying phenomena. On the other hand, existence of a mathematical model that accurately describes the behavior of the current experiment is a fundamental requirement for constructing the TDMM model. The TDMM model remains stable in each run, as it relies on the established mathematical equations. On the other hand, ANN model may exhibit variations in each run due to the random initialization of weights.
Graphical abstract
3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) is a common secondary product of Lactobacillus sp. and promotes adventitious-root formation in Azuki beans (Vigna angularis). Root promotion activity of PLA is ...synergistically enhanced by tryptophan (Trp). In this study, stereoisomers of PLA and Trp amide conjugates and their alkyl esters were synthesized to investigate the structure–activity relationships on root-promotion activity. The rooting activity of D-PLA-L-Trp conjugate shows more than 40 times higher than that of the mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. Modification of PLA-Trp with ethyl ester showed the highest activity at 3,400 times of a mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. However, L-or D-PLA-D-Trp conjugate and the isopropyl ester of PLA-Trp conjugates, both lost the root promotion activity and implicated that a requirement for steric structure for PLA related root promotion mechanism. Unlike auxin substances, which are commonly used as rooting agents that displayed high activity in low concentrations, PLA-Trp ethyl ester exhibited far less phytotoxicity at high concentration of 1 mM, despite its high rooting activity. Innovation of PLA-Trp ethyl ester may be expected for agricultural aspects with low environmental impact.
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