Carbon Footprint (CF) calculations have recently drawn considerable attention in order to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Adapting to environmental consequences of climate change will require ...collaborative action, which involves every stakeholder, particularly libraries. CF calculators are digital tools for revealing and reducing CF. This paper introduces the concepts of “carbon footprint” and “carbon footprint calculator” by reviewing relevant library and information science literature.
Improving respiratory care is good for patients and good for the planet. Inhalers contribute 4% of the NHS’s carbon footprint. The NHS committed to 51% carbon emissions reduction by 2025 (on 2007 ...baseline). The carbon footprint of dry powdered inhalers (DPIs) is 8gCO2eq/dose. Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) have 10 times this footprint (82–119gCO2e/dose).MethodsWe designed scoring systems to assess DPI and MDI technique (image). We developed a survey to assess patients’ inhaler prescriptions, technique and preferences. We piloted and amended the survey twice to improve coherence and clarity; then surveyed twenty respiratory ward inpatients over six weeks.Results20/20 patients were prescribed both MDI and DPI, but some did not have both inhalers at their bedside.DPI16/20 had a DPI at the bedside. 14/16 felt very confident or confident using the DPI, 2/16 somewhat or not confident. 13/16 remembered being shown how to use their DPI.Checking DPI technique, out of 5 points: 8/16 scored 5, 3/16 scored 4, 3/16 scored 3, 2/16 scored 2.MDI17/20 had an MDI at the bedside. 13/17 felt very confident or confident using the MDI, 4/17 somewhat or not confident. 15/17 rememberd being shown how to use their MDI.Checking MDI technique, out of 4 points: 5/17 scored 4, 4/17 scored 3, 8/17 scored 2. 9/17 patients lost a point due to not using a spacer. 9/17 patients said they use a spacer. 4/9 find cleaning a spacer inconvenient. 3/9 find carrying a spacer inconvenient.Recycling11/17 said they know when their MDI needs replacing. 6/17 automatically receive an MDI on every prescription. 5/16 automatically receive a DPI on every prescription.4/20 knew that they could return inhalers to pharmacies for recycling. 6/20 knew that inhalers should not be put in council recycling bins.Preferences16/20 would be willing to change inhaler for one that is easier to use. 20/20 would change for increased effectiveness. 16/20 would change for lower carbon footprint.Abstract P187 Figure 1Scoring system used to assess response to the question ‘Please demonstrate your inhaler technique’. One point is given per item correctly demonstrated DPI – Out of FIVE Demonstrated correctly Not demonstrated correctly 1. Prime the inhaler 2. Empty lungs 3. Positioning(sat up straight, head up) 4. Mouth seal and deep inhalation 5. Hold breath 10 seconds (or as close as possible) MDI – Out of FOUR Demonstrated correctly Not demonstrated correctly 1. Attach spacer 2. Empty lungs 3. Positioning(sat up straight, head up) 4. Mouth seal and deep inhale DiscussionPotential improvements in respiratory disease management include switching from mixed DPI/MDI to DPI-only prescriptions, and demonstrating and checking inhaler technique.The survey tool is available from sarah.walpole@doctors.org.uk
Due to the combined effects of carbon emission and carbon sink, agriculture is acknowledged as an essential contributor to achieve the Chinese government's carbon neutrality goal of 2060, and carbon ...footprint (CF) and carbon footprint intensity are substantial indicators to reveal the carbon emission level. For these reasons, the Theil index technique and extended STIRPAT model were employed to evaluate their spatiotemporal heterogeneity and influencing factors using panel data from 31 provinces for the period 1997–2019. The findings revealed that the CF showed an increasing trend with an annual growth rate of 24.6 %. The carbon footprint intensity (CFI) indicated an evident spatiotemporal heterogeneity and transferred over time, with an average growth rate of 19.82 %. The CFI Theil index and its contribution rate both confirmed that intra-regional difference is the main source of the overall difference, among which, the CFI Theil index displayed the distribution feature of “western (11.50 %) > central (11.12 %) > eastern (10.56 %) > northeast (6.61 %). The contribution rate of CFI illustrated the spatial pattern of “eastern (33.74 %) > central (21.07 %) > western (19.87 %) > northeast (5.24 %). Furthermore, the influencing effects of GDP per capita, planting structure, population density and urbanization level on CF and CFI also demonstrate evident spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
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•Carbon sink is considered into the CF and CFI accounting system.•Theil index method and STIRPAT model are applied to conduct empirical analysis.•CF increased 24.6 % per year and demonstrates “central > northeast > eastern > western”.•CFI presented a spatiotemporal heterogeneity with an average growth rate of 19.82 %.•The influencing effect of CF and CFI indicates obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
The COVID-19 pandemic completely transformed the mobility of cities. The restrictions on movement led to “empty cities” throughout the world, with some environmental effects in terms of clean air and ...the reduction of CO2 emissions. This research considers how COVID-19 mobility restrictions have affected the carbon footprint of four medium-sized Chilean cities (Coronel, Temuco, Valdivia, and Osorno) that have environmental problems and are highly dependent on motorized systems. The study uses data from 2400 household surveys at three distinct times: pre-pandemic - T0 (winter 2019), the time of implementation of restrictive mobility policies to contain the pandemic - T1 (winter 2020), and six months later when those restrictions were gradually lifted - T2 (summer 2021). The analysis suggests that CO2 emissions actually went up, declining in the winter 2020, but then increasing with the greater use of cars in the summer 2021 due to the temporary effects of commuting to work, ultimately reaching levels higher than the pre-pandemic values, known as the “rebound effect.”
•There is a lack of data on COVID-19 impact on carbon footprint at household level in Latin-American cities•Survey of Transport mobilities from 2400 households in four Chilean cities in three times (T0), (T1) and (T2)•CO2 emissions from transport by work and study mobilities were estimated•CO2 emissions actually went up, declining in the winter, but then increasing with use of cars in summer due to commuting to work•CO2 emissions to reach levels higher than the pre-pandemic values, known as a “rebound effect”
A measurement of eco-friendly, sustainable significance Rocco, Gaetano
Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
06/2024
Journal Article
This study focuses to investigate the relationship between globalization and the ecological footprint for Malaysia from 1971 to 2014. The results of the Bayer and Hanck cointegration test and the ...ARDL bound test show the existence of cointegration among variables. The findings disclose that globalization is not a significant determinant of the ecological footprint; however, it significantly increases the ecological carbon footprint. Energy consumption and economic growth stimulate the ecological footprint and carbon footprint in Malaysia. Population density reduces the ecological footprint and carbon footprint. Further, financial development mitigates the ecological footprint. The causality results disclose the feedback hypothesis between energy consumption and economic growth in the long run and short run.
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•Comprehensive physical and chemical properties of plastic pyrolysis fuel studied.•Relationship between boiling point and vapor temperature during separation was found.•Best HHV was ...44.6 MJ/kg with 3.6 cSt for viscosity and 12 mg/g for TAN.•Above 40% of olefins included in lighter fractions (<300 °Cb.p.).•CO2 reduction potential for plastic pyrolysis was determined to be 0.26 tCO2/ton.
Pyrolysis is a waste conversion technology to solve an increasing plastic waste issue worldwide. Waste plastic pyrolysis fuel from a commercial-scale pyrolysis plant (10 ton/day) was comprehensively investigated using distillation methods by separating the crude pyrolysis fuel to isolate the diesel-like pyrolysis fuel fraction (C9–C25 for fraction 2 + fraction 3, middle distillate). Other fractions were C5–C10 for the light distillate (fraction 1), and >C25 for the heavy distillate (fraction 4). The relationship between the fuel boiling point and liquid vapor temperature were found for designing a scaled-up oil separation process. The diesel grade pyrolysis fuel fraction comprised approximately 70–80% of the crude pyrolysis fuel, wherein it had values of 43–45 MJ/kg, 1–6 cSt, and 12–42 mgKOH/goil. Meanwhile, the elemental ratios of the crude pyrolysis oil improved to 0.1 for O/C and 1.9 for H/C after separation, close to petroleum fuels (0.0 O/C and 1.95 H/C). The highest relative chemical composition was the olefins (46% in fraction 1 and 41% in fraction 2), whereas the paraffin was approximately 15–20% in the light fraction. Finally, the potential CO2 reduction for the plastic waste-to-energy process was evaluated, revealing that a total of 0.26 tCO2/tonwaste of emissions could be avoided during the waste plastic pyrolysis process.
