Since their discovery, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received tremendous attention due to their unique electrical, optical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Remarkable ...advances have been made in the synthesis, purification, structural characterization, functionalization, and application of MWCNTs. Their particular characteristics make them well suited for a plethora of applications in a number of fields, namely nanoelectronics, nanofluids, energy management, (electro)catalysis, materials science, construction of (bio)sensors based on different detection schemes, multifunctional nanoprobes for biomedical imaging, and sorbents for sample preparation or removal of contaminants from wastewater. They are also useful as anti-bacterial agents, drug delivery nanocarriers, etc. The current relevant application areas are countless. This Special Issue presents original research and review articles that address advances, trends, challenges, and future perspectives regarding synthetic routes, structural features, properties, behaviors, and industrial or scientific applications of MWCNTs in established and emerging areas.
Owing to their unique mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes are considered to be ideal candidates for polymer reinforcement. However, a large amount of work must be done in order to realize their ...full potential. Effective processing of nanotubes and polymers to fabricate new ultra‐strong composite materials is still a great challenge. This Review explores the progress that has already been made in the area of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes. First, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and the system requirements to maximize reinforcement are discussed. Then, main methods described in the literature to produce and process polymer–nanotube composites are considered and analyzed. After that, mechanical properties of various nanotube–polymer composites prepared by different techniques are critically analyzed and compared. Finally, remaining problems, the achievements so far, and the research that needs to be done in the future are discussed.
Mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes is reviewed, where production techniques and mechanical properties of various nanotube–polymer composites are critically analyzed and compared. The current state of this research and prospects for future research and applications are discussed. The figure shows a fracture surface of a polymer–nanotube composite showing nanotube pullout.
A tube‐in‐tube carbon nanostructure (TTCN) with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) confined within hollow porous carbon nanotubes is synthesized for Li‐S batteries. The structure is designed to ...enhance the electrical conductivity, hamper the dissolution of lithium polysulfide, and provide large pore volume for sulfur impregnation. As a cathode material for Li‐S batteries, the S‐TTCN composite with 71 wt% sulfur content delivers high reversible capacity, good cycling performance as well as excellent rate capabilities.
Carbon Nanotube Aerogels Bryning, M. B.; Milkie, D. E.; Islam, M. F. ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim),
03/2007, Letnik:
19, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The creation of carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogels from aqueous‐gel precursors by critical‐point‐drying and freeze‐drying is reported. The CNT aerogels are strong and electrically conducting—a potential ...improvement over current technologies for applications such as sensors, electrodes, and thermoelectric devices. The aerogels can be reinforced by small amounts of poly vinyl alcohol (in the figure the aerogel is supporting 8000 times its own weight).
The purpose of the current review article is to present a compherensive understanding regarding pros and cons of carbon nanotube-related nanocomposites and to find ways in order to improve the ...performance of nanocomposites with new designs. Nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in industrial applications such as supercapacitors, and biosensors, and etc. The present article has been prepared in three main categories. In the first part, carbon nanotube types have been presented, as single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and also equivalent circuit models, which have been used to more clarify the experimental measurements of impedance. In the second part, nanocomposites with many carbon, inorganic and polymeric materials such as polymer/CNT, activated carbon/CNT, metal oxide/CNT, and carbon fiber/CNT have been investigated in more detail. In the third part, the focus in on the industrial applications of CNTs. including supercapacitors, biosensors, radar absorbing materials, solar cells, and corrosion protection studies. This review article explains the latest advances in carbon nanotubes and their applications in electrochemical, electrical and optical properties of nanocomposites.
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•A novel strategy is introduced to engineer multi-layered CNT membranes by solid-sate dry spinning.•Fine-tuned pore size and enhanced charge transfer are achieved via generated CNT ...junctions.•Stimuli-responsive CNT membranes deliver high water permeance and excellent electrocatalytic activity.•The scaled-up manufacturing of CNT membranes develop practical electrocatalytic membrane reactors.•Fast and stable reaction kinetics are attained during electrocatalytic ultrafiltration of acetaminophen.
The development of electrochemically active ultrafiltration membrane reactors offers promising perspectives to achieve simultaneous separation and degradation of persistent organic pollutants and support triggered self-cleaning of membrane materials upon surface fouling. Here, electro-responsive ultrafiltration membranes were synthesised from drawable carbon nanotubes (CNT) dry-spun as ultra-thin sheets onto preformed carbon nanofibre (CNF) supports to generate a unique class of electrically conductive and flexible ultrafiltration membranes. The pore size of the CNT-based membranes, on the order of ∼ 28 nm, was fine-tuned by controlling the dry layering and orientation of the CNT sheets to manage the membrane selectivity. The CNT-based membranes were used as effective conductive platforms to promote charge transfer during electrocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen, as a model contaminant. The CNT-based membranes, besides offering water permeance up to 2.77 × 103 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1, yielded electrocatalytic kinetic constant up to 46.5 × 10−3 min−1 during combined electrochemical reaction and ultrafiltration process, which is 1.4 to 39 times larger than previously reported values. Such high performance was maintained quite stable even after 8 reuse cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of CNT dry spinning technology for the scalable fabrication of highly permeable, but selective CNT-based membranes with remarkable electrochemical properties towards cost-effective water treatment at an exceptional reaction rate.
Combining objects with diverse properties has often the advantage of giving rise to novel functionalities. In this scenario, metal-filled and decorated carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs) represent a class of ...hybrid carbon-based nanostructured materials with enormous interest for application in several fields, ranging from nanoelectronics and spintronics to nanomedicine and magnetic data recording. The present review will provide the reader with an overview of state-of-the-art hybrid architectures based on m-CNT systems, methods currently employed for their fabrication, the set of their unique properties and how they can be applied toward novel devices with multifunctional properties for a broad range of applications.
This work focusses on developing a hybrid enzyme biofuel cell‐based self‐powered biosensor with appreciable stability and durability using murine leukemia fusion gene fragments (tDNA) as a model ...analyte. The cell consists of a Ti3C2Tx/multiwalled carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle/glucose oxidase bioanode and a Zn/Co‐modified carbon nanotube cathode. The bioanode uniquely exhibits strong electron transfer ability and a high surface area for the loading of 1.14 × 10−9 mol cm−2 glucose oxidase to catalyze glucose oxidation. Meanwhile, the abiotic cathode with a high oxygen reduction reaction activity negates the use of conventional bioenzymes as catalysts, which aids in extending the stability and durability of the sensing system. The biosensor offers a 0.1 fm–1 nm linear range and a detection limit of 0.022 fm tDNA. Additionally, the biosensor demonstrates a reproducibility of ≈4.85% and retains ≈87.42% of the initial maximal power density after a 4‐week storage at 4 °C, verifying a significantly improved long‐term stability.
This work focuses on a hybrid enzyme biofuel cell with a self‐powered biosensor for tDNA. It consists of a Ti3C2Tx/multiwalled carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle/glucose oxidase bioanode, which offers strong electron transfer ability and a high surface area for accommodating abundant enzyme, and a Zn/Co‐modified carbon nanotube cathode without any conventional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.
The following paper explores the nature of electronic transport in a hybrid carbon nanotube–graphene conductive network. These networks may have a tremendous impact on the future formation of new ...electrical conductors, batteries, and supercapacitors, as well as many other electronic and electrical applications. The experiments described show that the deposition of graphene nanoflakes within a carbon nanotube network improves both its electrical conductivity and its current-carrying capacity. They also show that the effectiveness of doping is enhanced. To explain the effects observed in the hybrid carbon nanotube–graphene conductive network, a theoretical model was developed. The theory explains that graphenes are not merely effective conductive fillers of the carbon nanotube networks but also effective bridges that are able to introduce additional states at the Fermi level of carbon nanotubes.
The control of the nanostructure and the addition of nanoparticles to polymers have led to structural and functional property enhancements in a number of polymeric systems as a material answer to ...continuous requirements from advanced industrial sectors. The availability of new nanoparticles with extraordinary properties (i.e. carbon nanotubes, graphenes, but also nanoclays, nanocellulose, metals and ceramics) have determined new and exciting possibilities for a continuous enlargement of polymer markets. However, the potentialities of these new materials are still strongly dependent on the development and scaling-up of reliable processing routes. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to review the main processing approaches for nanostructured polymers and nanocomposites starting with a brief review of available nanoparticles and on their functionalization to promote a better polymer–particle interaction. Regarding processing, the review firstly addresses the bottom-up approaches typically adopted for nanostructured polymers, blends and copolymers. Then, the different technologies required by the top-down processing of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer matrix systems are reviewed. Finally, the report addresses the recent applications of nanostructured polymers and nanocomposites as matrices of advanced composite materials. In all cases, the main processing approaches and the main structural and functional properties characterizing these materials and their potential and current industrial applications are specifically addressed.
