In the last 25 years a conspicuous amount of plane glass – windowpane fragments – has surfaced on archaeological sites from the Viking Age. These finds have not received scholarly attention as they ...are not recognised as a genuine prehistoric (i.e. pre-1050 Scandinavia) occurrence. This paper aims to investigate a select group of archaeological localities that all have a significant amount of glass objects and fragments, and which also serve as mainstays for continental influences, commercial trade, as well as ritual activities. It offers the study of the chemical composition of these windowpane fragments, their distribution, provenience, and discusses their potential use as windows in Viking Age Scandinavia. Based on the chemical composition of the analysed plane glass (via LA-ICP-MS) the paper argues, firstly, that the glass most likely should be dated to the 9th to 11th centuries; secondly, that there are two possible import paths of raw material with one recognized at the early emporia based on east Mediterranean types of glass, and another with a continental type of glass found at the aristocratic sites. Finally, the paper argues that the windowpanes very likely could have been used in contemporary glassed windows placed in wooden buildings at these sites.
Viking Age Windows Torben Sode; Mads Dengsø Jessen; Bernard Gratuze
Danish journal of archaeology,
09/2023, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the last 25 years a conspicuous amount of plane glass – windowpane fragments – has surfaced on archaeological sites from the Viking Age. These finds have not received scholarly attention as they ...are not recognised as a genuine prehistoric (i.e. pre-1050 Scandinavia) occurrence. This paper aims to investigate a select group of archaeological localities that all have a significant amount of glass objects and fragments, and which also serve as mainstays for continental influences, commercial trade, as well as ritual activities. It offers the study of the chemical composition of these windowpane fragments, their distribution, provenience, and discusses their potential use as windows in Viking Age Scandinavia. Based on the chemical composition of the analysed plane glass (via LA-ICP-MS) the paper argues, firstly, that the glass most likely should be dated to the 9th to 11th centuries; secondly, that there are two possible import paths of raw material with one recognized at the early emporia based on east Mediterranean types of glass, and another with a continental type of glass found at the aristocratic sites. Finally, the paper argues that the windowpanes very likely could have been used in contemporary glassed windows placed in wooden buildings at these sites.
Vad var Vandilsvé? Andrén, Anders
Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift,
03/2022, Letnik:
74, Številka:
74
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Vandilsvé is mentioned one single time in Helgakviða Hundingsbana II:35, and it is usually understood as a theophoric place-name. The first element has been read as the name of an otherwise unknown ...Vandal god, *Vandill, but this interpretation has fallen out of favour today. Another reading is based on the fact that sacral names ending in -vé (-vi) do not necessarily have names of deities as their first element. An example is Töravi, which derives from the old name for the island of Södertörn (Tör) and means “the sacred place of the inhabitants of Tör”. As a parallel to Töravi, it is possible that Vandilsvé refers to Vendill, the old name for the district of Vendsyssel, and means “the sacred place of the inhabitants of Vendel”. Supported by archaeology, the discussion focuses on four different sites in Vendsyssel, which might more or less plausibly represent Vandilsvé; these are Lindholm Høje, Stentinget, Liver, and Ejstrup. In conclusion, it is discussed what impact such an interpretation may have for our understanding of the three eddic poems about Helgi Hundingsbani and Helgi Hjörvarðsson.
SAMMANDRAG: Vandilsvé omtalas en enda gång i Helge Hundingsbane II:35, och brukar uppfattas som ett teofort namn för en plats. Förleden har tolkats som namnet på en för övrigt okänd vandalsk gud *Vandill, men få tror idag på denna tolkning. En annan tolkning kan utgå från att vissa sakrala namn på -vé (-vi) inte har gudanamn som förled utan andra företeelser. Ett exempel är Töravi, som kommer av det gamla namnet för ön Södertörn (Tör), och som betyder ”Törbornas helgedom”. Som en parallell till Töravi skulle Vandilsvé kunna syfta på Vendill, det gamla bygdenamnet för Vendsyssel, och betyda ”Vendelbornas helgedom”. Med hjälp av arkeologi diskuteras fyra olika platser i Vendsyssel, vilka med större eller mindre sannolikhet skulle kunna representera Vandilsvé, nämligen Lindholm Høje, Stentinget, Liver och Ejstrup. Avslutningsvis diskuteras vad en sådan tolkning kan ha för konsekvenser för synen på de tre Edda-dikterna om Helge Hundingsbane och Helge Hjörvardsson.
La thèse de Walter Christaller, traduite en chinois, est publiée en 1998 et rééditée en 2010 : 德国南部中心地原理 / Déguó nán bù zhōng xīn de yuán lǐ, Beijing : The Commercial Press, 2010, 456 p. ; traduction ...éditée sous la responsabilité de CHANG, Zhengwen, WANG, Xingzhong et al. La traduction est complète, à la différence de celle en anglais de Carlisle W. BASKIN, qui ne concerne que les deux tiers de la thèse de Christaller. Cette traduction en chinois est précédée d’une préface par un auteur qui n’est pas l’un des traducteurs.Le texte qui suit, après une introduction sur la diffusion des idées de Christaller en Chine de 1964 à nos jours, examine du point de vue historique, pratique puis épistémologique la manière dont sont présentées ces idées dans cette préface, avant de préciser les liens entre les principales notions christallériennes et leur équivalent en Chine antique et contemporaine. Une traduction française de la préface en chinois est proposée dans une première annexe. Une seconde annexe donne des informations biographiques sur les principaux géographes chinois responsables de la diffusion des idées de Walter Christaller en Chine.
Walter Christaller's thesis, translated into Chinese, has been published in 1998 and reprinted in 2010: 德国 南部 中心 地 原理 / Déguó nán bù zhōng xīn de yuán lǐ, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2010, 456 p., ...edited by CHANG, Zhengwen, WANG, Xingzhong et al. The translation is complete, unlike Carlisle W. BASKIN's English, which concerns only two-thirds of Christaller's thesis. This Chinese translation is preceded by a foreword by an author who is not one of the translators.The following text, after an introduction on the dissemination of Christaller's ideas in China from 1964 to the present day, examines from a historical, practical and epistemological point of view the way in which his ideas are presented in this preface, before specifying the links between the main Christallerian notions and their equivalent in ancient and contemporary China. A French translation of the Chinese preface is proposed in a first appendix. A second appendix gives biographical information on the main Chinese geographers responsible for disseminating Walter Christaller's ideas in China.
Creating equal living conditions in rural border regions poses a particular challenge for policy-makers and planners. In addition to demographic factors, national borders negatively affect the ...sustainability of services of general interest. However, overcoming border-related barriers also holds potential to compensate for gaps in service provision. It is therefore noteworthy that Bavarian federal state planning has designated so-called cross-border central places (GRZO) since 1994. Since the instrument is not legally binding abroad, its effectiveness appears to be limited. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent cross-border public services on the basis of cross-border central places are perceived as a potential by the population concerned. In order to discuss this, guided interviews were conducted with citizens in affected Bavarian municipalities on the Czech border and complemented by expert interviews. On the one hand, the results indicate a limited perception of cross-border public services as a relevant potential. On the other hand, they point to some concrete expectations of the cross-border central places designation that have not yet been fulfilled and at times reinforce a latent feeling of being left behind.
Creating equal living conditions in rural border regions poses a particular challenge for policy-makers and planners. In addition to demographic factors, national borders negatively affect the sustainability of services of general interest. However, overcoming border-related barriers also holds potential to compensate for gaps in service provision. It is therefore noteworthy that Bavarian federal state planning has designated so-called cross-border central places (GRZO) since 1994. Since the instrument is not legally binding abroad, its effectiveness appears to be limited. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent cross-border public services on the basis of cross-border central places are perceived as a potential by the population concerned. In order to discuss this, guided interviews were conducted with citizens in affected Bavarian municipalities on the Czech border and complemented by expert interviews. On the one hand, the results indicate a limited perception of cross-border public services as a relevant potential. On the other hand, they point to some concrete expectations of the cross-border central places designation that have not yet been fulfilled and at times reinforce a latent feeling of being left behind.
Walter Christaller's thesis, translated into Chinese, has been published in 1998 and reprinted in 2010: 德国 南部 中心 地 原理 / Déguó nán bù zhōng xīn de yuán lǐ, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2010, 456 p., ...edited by CHANG, Zhengwen, WANG, Xingzhong et al. The translation is complete, unlike Carlisle W. BASKIN's English, which concerns only two-thirds of Christaller's thesis. This Chinese translation is preceded by a foreword by an author who is not one of the translators.The following text, after an introduction on the dissemination of Christaller's ideas in China from 1964 to the present day, examines from a historical, practical and epistemological point of view the way in which his ideas are presented in this preface, before specifying the links between the main Christallerian notions and their equivalent in ancient and contemporary China. A French translation of the Chinese preface is proposed in a first appendix. A second appendix gives biographical information on the main Chinese geographers responsible for disseminating Walter Christaller's ideas in China.
The paper analyses the meaning of the ‘stage of reduction and concentration of settlements’ and its place in the evolving structure of a Neolithic settlement system. It considers whether this stage ...of the development of the settlement system was a specific event, limited only to the evolution of a Funnel Beaker Culture settlement in south-eastern Poland, or whether it was a structural element in other areas too. Analysis of the collected cases, representing various geographical zones, cultural traditions and time horizons, allows us to formulate a thesis that describes the transformation of large settlements (from central places to the stage of reduction and concentration) were caused by internal social conflicts, rather than by climate or economic changes.
Regiopolises and regiopolitan regions are receiving unprecedented attention in German spatial planning policy. In addition to the promotion of the German RegioPole network by the federal government, ...regiopolises and regiopolitan regions are already designated in several spatial development plans. In the academic discourse, however, regiopolises are hardly taken up. This is particularly evident in the fact that dimensions such as city size (more than 100,000 inhabitants) and spatial location (outside metropolitan regions) are used to empirically identify regiopolises as such. A specific functionality or a specific significance in the German urban system, however, is only hinted at, following the established spatial planning concepts of metropolitan regions and central places. Against this background, this paper examines the question of what constitutes a regional centre or region in terms of its specific functionality and what significance it has in the urban system. The international discourses on second-tires-cities, borrowed size and agglomeration shadow are also taken up.
Regiopolen und Regiopolregionen erfahren eine bisher kaum da gewesene Aufmerksamkeit in der deutschen Raumordnungspolitik. Neben der Förderung des deutschen RegioPole-Netzwerks durch den Bund sind ...Regiopolen und Regiopolregionen bereits in mehreren Raumordnungsplänen ausgewiesen. Im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs werden Regiopolen hingegen kaum aufgegriffen. Das zeigt sich insbesondere daran, dass zwar mit Dimensionen wie Stadtgröße (mehr als 100.000 Einwohner) und räumlicher Lage (außerhalb der Metropolregionen) operiert wird, um Regiopolen empirisch als solche zu identifizieren. Eine spezifische Funktionalität oder eine spezifische Bedeutung im deutschen Städtesystem wird hingegen nur angedeutet, und zwar in Anlehnung an die etablierten raumordnerischen Konzepte Metropolregionen und Zentrale Orte. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht vor diesem Hintergrund der Frage nach, was Regiopolen respektive Regiopolregionen hinsichtlich ihrer spezifischen Funktionalität ausmacht und welche Bedeutung ihnen im Städtesystem zuteil wird. Aufgegriffen werden dazu auch die internationalen Diskurse zu second-tires-cities, borrowed size und agglomeration shadow.
Regiopolises and regiopolitan regions are receiving unprecedented attention in German spatial planning policy. In addition to the promotion of the German RegioPole network by the federal government, regiopolises and regiopolitan regions are already designated in several spatial development plans. In the academic discourse, however, regiopolises are hardly taken up. This is particularly evident in the fact that dimensions such as city size (more than 100,000 inhabitants) and spatial location (outside metropolitan regions) are used to empirically identify regiopolises as such. A specific functionality or a specific significance in the German urban system, however, is only hinted at, following the established spatial planning concepts of metropolitan regions and central places. Against this background, this paper examines the question of what constitutes a regional centre or region in terms of its specific functionality and what significance it has in the urban system. The international discourses on second-tires-cities, borrowed size and agglomeration shadow are also taken up.
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