The aim of the study was to investigate the essential oil (EO) of
x
cv. Bila, which has not been studied before. The EOs were distilled from plants collected in two consecutive years on the island of ...Hvar (Croatia) and in the Karst (Slovenia) and analysed for chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The main component of EOs was linalool, but the EOs from Hvar had higher contents of Z-β-ocimene and borneol + lavandulol than the EOs from Karst, in which camphor, linalyl acetate and 1,8-cineole predominated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration and proved that the EOs were effective against
spp. Studies have shown that the composition of
x
EO depends on the variety and the climatic and geographical characteristics of the plant growth. The antimicrobial activity of EO is also influenced by the type and strain of microorganisms involved in the research.
Rougui Wuyi Rock tea (WRT) with special flavor can be affected by multiple factors that are closely related to the culturing regions of tea plants. The present research adopted non-targeted ...metabolomics based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), aroma activity value method (OAV), and chemometrics to analyze the characteristic metabolites of three Rougui WRTs from different culturing regions. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the three Rougui Wuyi Rock teas had significantly different flavor qualities, especially in taste and aroma. Rougui (RG) had a heavy and mellow taste, while cinnamon-like odor Rougui (GPRG) and floral and fruity odor Rougui (HGRG) had a thick, sweet, and fresh taste. The cinnamon-like odor was more obvious and persistent in GPRG than in RG and HGRG. HGRG had floral and fruity characteristics such as clean and lasting, gentle, and heavy, which was more obvious than in RG and GPRG. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there were significant metabolic differences among the three Rougui WRTs. According to the projection value of variable importance (VIP) of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA), 24 differential non-volatile metabolites were identified. The PLSR analysis results showed that rutin, silibinin, arginine, lysine, dihydrocapsaicin, etc. may be the characteristic non-volatiles that form the different taste outlines of Rougui WRT. A total of 90 volatiles, including aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and hydrocarbons, were identified from the three flavors of Rougui WRT by using GC-MS. Based on OAV values and PLS-DA analysis, a total of 16 characteristic volatiles were identified. The PLSR analysis results showed that 1-penten-3-ol, α-pinene, 2-carene, β-Pinene, dehydrolinalool, adipaldehyde, D-limonene, saffron aldehyde, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one may be the characteristic volatiles that form the different aroma profile of Rougui WRT. These results provide the theoretical basis for understanding the characteristic metabolites that contribute to the distinctive flavors of Rougui WRT.
An ideal gene therapy vector should enable persistent transgene expression without limitations in safety and reproducibility. Recent researches' insight into the ability of chromosomal matrix ...attachment regions (MARs) to mediate episomal maintenance of genetic elements allowed the development of a circular episomal vector. Although a MAR-mediated engineered vector has been developed, little is known on which motifs of MAR confer this function during interaction with the host genome. Here, we report an artificially synthesized DNA fragment containing only characteristic motif sequences that served as an alternative to human beta-interferon matrix attachment region sequence. The potential of the vector to mediate gene transfer in CHO cells was investigated. The short synthetic MAR motifs were found to mediate episomal vector at a low copy number for many generations without integration into the host genome. Higher transgene expression was maintained for at least 4months. In addition, MAR was maintained episomally and conferred sustained EGFP expression even in nonselective CHO cells. All the results demonstrated that MAR characteristic sequence-based vector can function as stable episomes in CHO cells, supporting long-term and effective transgene expression.
•MAR characteristic sequence can function as stable episomes in CHO cells.•MAR motifs mediated episomal vector at a low copy number.•Higher transgene expression was maintained for at least 4months.•EGFP expression even in nonselective CHO cells
•Cl, B, Li, Rb, and Cs are characteristic constituents of the Gudui geothermal waters.•Comprehensive analysis indicates the reservoir temperature is up to 266.60 ◦C.•A parent geothermal liquid(PGL) ...with Cl−of 697 mg/L and enthalpy of 1250 J/g is present below Gudui.•The PGL below Gudui ascends to the surface by conductive, adiabatical, or mixed cooling way.
The Gudui geothermal field is a typical high-temperature geothermal system characterized by tectonic control and violent hydrothermal explosions in the Himalayas. The geothermal waters are mainly Na-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl types. The comprehensive analysis of Na-K, quartz, K-Mg geothermometers and a Na–K–Mg ternary diagram indicate that the reservoir temperature is up to 266.6 °C. Except for four samples, most geothermal water samples collected from Gudui plot far from the full equilibrium line in Na–K–Mg ternary diagram, suggesting that complete chemical re-equilibrium has not been achieved as these geothermal waters flow upward from reservoirs towards spring vents and possibly mix with cooler waters. The results of geochemical characteristics analysis indicate that Cl, Na, K, SiO2, B, As, Li, Rb, Cs, and F are the characteristic components of Gudui geothermal waters. The good linear relations between Cl and other characteristic consituents reflect the existence of a parent geothermal liquid(PGL) below Gudui. Comprehensive comparative analysis of the silica-enthalpy diagram and the chloride-enthalpy diagram suggests that the parent geothermal liquid below Gudui has a Cl− concentration of 697 mg/L and enthalpy of 1250 J/g. The PGL ascends to the surface through different channels and may cool by conduction of heat to reservoir host rocks, by boiling, or by mixing with cooler groundwater.
The quality control of Da-Fu-Fang (DFF), referring to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations comprising more than 10 TCMs, is challenging due to their extreme chemical complexity. In ...this study, a strategy is proposed for the holistic quality control of DFFs based on HPLC/qTOF-MS-oriented characteristic components data set (CCDS) and chemometric analysis. Niuhuang Shangqing pill (NHSQP), composed of 19 TCMs, is used to illustrate this strategy. The fingerprint profiling of NHSQP by HPLC/qTOF-MS resulted in the characterization of 190 compounds, comprising 47 unambiguously identified by reference standard comparison. A CCDS containing 60 characteristic components was constructed by analyzing the MS spectral differentiation of the crude drugs, a laboratory-made NHSQP powder, and negative control preparations. With the established CCDS, it was possible to simultaneously monitor 16 out of the 19 drugs involved in NHSQP. Subsequently, 26 NHSQP samples from different vendors were evaluated by the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of their LC/MS fingerprint data. The 60 characteristic components were detected in all of the NHSQP samples, which demonstrated their authenticity. When compared with the standard sample No. 3, however, 15 of the NHSQP samples exhibited inferior quality. Samples No. 21 and No. 13 differed significantly based on a PCA score plot, and the components responsible for the differentiation were confirmed to originate from different TCMs. This strategy is a powerful and easy method to implement and provides a potential approach to establishing the holistic quality control of complex TCM preparations.
Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP) has been widely used in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma in China. The aim of our study was to identify the characteristic components of DHZCP. First, HPLC fingerprint ...of DHZCP was established to analyze the common components of 14 batches of DHZCP samples, which were purchased from different manufacturers. The results of HPLC fingerprint detected 164 peaks in these 14 batches of DHZCP. Through similarity analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, we identified 20 common components upon which to conduct quantitative analysis conducted by an HPLC method. After that, a cytotoxicity test was carried out to screen the active components in DHZCP. The results showed that hypoxanthine, rhein, emodin, aloe emodin, and wogonin are the active components of DHZCP for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma, as they have significant inhibitory effect against the activity of drug-resistant hepatocarcinoma cells (SMMC-7721/DOX) than others.
To obtain the influence regularity of trace O 2 on SF 6 decomposition characteristics under partial discharge (PD) and establish the foundation of using SF 6 decomposed components to diagnose the ...insulation status of SF 6 electrical equipment, first, a series of PD decomposition experiments with different O 2 concentrations (%)were conducted on a special experiment platform. The variation regularity between the concentrations of characteristic components and the different content of O 2 were obtained quantitatively. Second, the correlation coefficient r testing method was applied to identify the associated influence of trace O 2 on the decomposed characteristic components and characteristic ratios. Based on this, an exponential regression model of the related characteristics was developed. Finally, the influence mechanism of trace O 2 on SF 6 decomposition progress was explained reasonably. The results show that under the PD caused by metal protrusion insulation fault without organic solid insulated materials, CO 2 , SO 2 F 2 , and SOF 2 were the mainly decomposed components in the specific range of trace O 2 . Although no obvious influences of the trace O 2 on the concentrations of CO 2 and SOF 2 as well as the ratio c(CO 2 )/c(SO 2 F 2 +SOF 2 ), it is notable that the trace O 2 is negatively and positively related to the concentration of SO 2 F 2 and the ratio c(SOF 2 )/c(SO 2 F 2 ), respectively. The exponential regression model can minimize the effect of trace O 2 on the fault diagnostic result when using SF 6 decomposed components.
Uncaria is a multi‐source herb and its species identification has become a bottleneck in quality control. To study the identification method of different Uncaria species herbs through HPLC–MS coupled ...with rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (rDNA ITS) sequence, both plant morphological traits and molecular identification were used to determine the species of every collected Uncaria herb. The genetic analysis of different Uncaria species was performed using their rDNA ITS sequence as a molecular marker. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic relationships of 22 samples from six Uncaria species were divided and classified clearly. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions, a practical HPLC method to differentiate various varieties of Uncaria herbs was set up based on a set of characteristic components across each species. A high‐performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector tandem ion trap and time of flight mass spectrometry technique combined with reference substances was utilized to derive 21 characteristic compounds containing six groups of six Uncaria species in China. Thus, this study provides a feasible method to solve the current problem of confusion in Uncaria species, and makes a significant step forward in the appropriate clinical use, in‐depth research and further utilization of different Uncaria species.
The aim of the study was to investigate the essential oil (EO) of Lavandula x intermedia cv. Bila, which has not been studied before. The EOs were distilled from plants collected in two consecutive ...years on the island of Hvar (Croatia) and in the Karst (Slovenia) and analysed for chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The main component of EOs was linalool, but the EOs from Hvar had higher contents of Z-β-ocimene and borneol + lavandulol than the EOs from Karst, in which camphor, linalyl acetate and 1,8-cineole predominated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration and proved that the EOs were effective against Candida spp. Studies have shown that the composition of L. x intermedia EO depends on the variety and the climatic and geographical characteristics of the plant growth. The antimicrobial activity of EO is also influenced by the type and strain of microorganisms involved in the research.
