Purpose: determine the degree of change in the level of strength and endurance development of 5-6 grades pupils under cheerleading exercises influence. Material and Methods: theoretical analysis and ...generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment and mathematical statistics methods. Results: parameters of strength and endurance development level are presented with their degree of change under cheerleading exercises influence for 5-6 grades pupils of secondary school. Conclusions: cheerleading exercises usage has positive influence on demonstrated strength and endurance degree of secondary school children by all investigated parameters.
This study was conducted to investigate the actual situation of eating disorders in female esthetic athletes and to examine the relationship between their eating behavior and their coping behavior ...when in stressful situations. The subjects were 131 female university athletes engaged in high-level cheerleading, song leading, creative dance, rhythmic gymnastics, and gymnastics (average age 19.8 ± 1.01 years). We asked them how they perceive expectations from others, whether or not they are willing to live up to such expectations, whether or not they think that their current body shape is suitable for competition, and the number of meals eaten per day. We also asked them to complete the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). The threshold value in the original EAT-26 is 20 points; however, it has been pointed out that a more suitable threshold for Japanese people is 15. Therefore, in our analysis, we set 15 points as the threshold value. The results suggested that 41.7% of our subjects were at high risk of eating disorders. A comparison by event revealed that rhythmic gymnastics athletes were at the highest risk. Furthermore, among athletes who considered their current body shape to be less than adequate for competing in their event, those who ate fewer than 3 meals per day showed a higher risk of suffering from eating disorders. Athletes who adopted coping behaviors while prioritizing emotional control in stressful situations were at higher risk of eating disorders. Finally, we assessed various means of preventing eating disorders in this cohort.
Cheerleading is a young and rapidly developing sport that comprises many technically complex elements for which coordination plays a special role. In cheerleading, the coordination abilities are ...considered as the sum of maintaining balance, orienting in space, and combining movements, which allows to successfully acquire new elements under changing conditions. A set of control exercises has been selected to assess various types of motor coordination abilities in cheerleading corresponding to initial preparation. During a survey of cheerleading coaches, the means and methods used in working with athletes were identified. A pedagogical experiment was conducted with girls aged 7-8 years from the initial preparation stage. Non-standard exercises, which were selected from general, gymnastic, and acrobatic exercises and elements of outdoor games, are identified as the leading means of developing coordination abilities. Variable exercise with different techniques is an effective method of developing coordination abilities in young athletes. According to the results of the experiment, a 54% improvement in static balance in the "Arabesque on the right leg" control exercise was recorded. In the same exercise on the left foot, the improvement was 14.5%. An increase of 11.3% in dynamic coordination was also recorded in the Shuttle run 3 x 10 m control exercise. The increase in dynamic balance in the "Walk the line" test was equal 18.2%. Rhythm abilities improved by 63.1%. The increase in locomotor agility and spatial orientation in the "Running to the ball" test amounted to 13.2%. Complex reactions improved by 8.7%, vestibular resistance - by 11.8%. The ability to coordinate movements in the "Overstepping the gymnastic stick" test increased by 24.7%, the ability to motor adaptation - by 41.9%.
The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the nature of bonding and bridging social capital in sports clubs. Exploratory research involving interviews with club volunteers reveals that shared values ...and norms of commitment to the sport or the club are an important dimension of homophilic and heterophilic ties. These are expressed in the recruitment of new volunteers and explain the reluctance to recruit from outside the club. While 'sameness' and 'difference' are to some extent a product of gender, age, ethnicity and other demographic characteristics recognized by previous studies, this article identifies the importance of subjective perceptions in defining bonding and bridging ties. It is suggested that this will be more important in voluntary associations which are expressions of shared values. Further, this suggests the potential of more inductive qualitative research to unravel the complex and nuanced barriers to developing social capital through sports clubs and other associations.
El principal objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto agudo del Entrenamiento en Trampolín (ET) sobre la estabilidad, altura de salto y velocidad de carrera en 20 m de porristas.
...Metodología: Se reclutaron 53 sujetos (hombres = 18; mujeres = 35), pertenecientes al programa de Porrismo Pura Vida Athletics (Tibás, Costa Rica). Se conformaron aleatoriamente tres grupos los cuales fueron Grupo Trampolín (GT), Grupo Control (GC) y Grupo Entrenamiento Normal (GEN). El GT realizó como tratamiento un entrenamiento de trampolín (ET) tradicional (duración aproximada de 45 min; intensidad de 75-85% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima). Se realizaron mediciones pre-test y post-test de la estabilidad (Centro de Presión), velocidad en 20 m y altura de salto (CMJ).
Resultados: Respecto a la estabilidad, en Bipedestación el GT empeoró significativamente (p<0.05*) comparado con el GC y, en Liberty, Awesome y Arebesque, el GT empeoró significativamente (p<0.05*) comparado con el GC y GEN. La altura del CMJ del GT fue significativamente menor (p<0.05*) con respecto al GEN, pero no del GC. La velocidad en 20 m del GT disminuyó significativamente (p<0.05*), mientras que el GC (p>0.05) y el GEN (p>0.05) no tuvieron un cambio significativo.
Conclusiones: Se evidenció una disminución significativa de la estabilidad del GT en Bipedestación y, en los elementos de stunt Liberty, Awesome y Arebesque. La altura del CMJ del GT tuvo una disminución no significativa. La velocidad en 20 m del GT fue significativamente menor después del ET.
Abstract Background/Purpose Cheerleading, now increasingly practiced in Canada, has a high propensity to cause traumatic neck and spine injuries. We aimed to evaluate the importance of neck and spine ...injuries in the practice of cheerleading and their occurrence mechanisms in order to propose preventive measures. Methods A retrospective cohort study of cheerleading injuries extracted from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program database between 1990 and 2010 was performed. Results Overall, there were 1496 cases of injuries documented secondary to cheerleading (median age 15, 4 (IQR = 2, 2) years; 1410 women (94%)). Of those, 125 cases (8%) were neck and spine injuries. The most frequent injury was a sprain/strain (47%). More severe injuries included fractures (4%), muscle or tendon injury (3%), dislocation (1%), and nerve injury (1%). Over half of these injuries were caused by either falling from (26%) or basing/spotting a stunt from height (26%). Other mechanisms include being thrown/falling from a high toss (10%) and falling from a pyramid (8%). Of the 125 cases, 3 (2, 4%) were admitted to hospital. Conclusions Most neck and spine injuries were related to stunts. Although the proportion of serious injury is low, the increasing trend for the practice of cheerleading calls for preventive measures.
Over the last 30 years, cheerleading has increased dramatically in popularity and has evolved from leading the crowd in cheers at sporting events into a competitive, year-round sport involving ...complex acrobatic stunts and tumbling. Consequently, cheerleading injuries have steadily increased over the years in both number and severity. Sprains and strains to the lower extremities are the most common injuries. Although the overall injury rate remains relatively low, cheerleading has accounted for approximately 66% of all catastrophic injuries in high school girl athletes over the past 25 years. Risk factors for injuries in cheerleading include higher BMI, previous injury, cheering on harder surfaces, performing stunts, and supervision by a coach with low level of training and experience. This policy statement describes the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries and provides recommendations for injury prevention.
Using in-depth interviews and participant observation from sixty-eight male cheerleaders and four selected cheerleading teams, this research examines the construction of masculinity among college-age ...heterosexual male cheerleaders. Whereas previous studies of men in feminized terrain have shown that hegemonic processes of dominance and subordination influence most men to bolster their masculinity through an approximation of orthodox masculine requisites, this research finds that heterosexual men in collegiate cheerleading today exhibit two forms of normative masculinity. One form retains most tenets of orthodox masculine construction, whereas the other is shown to be more inclusive. Men who subscribe to this inclusive form of masculinity do not respond to their transgression into feminized terrain in the same manner as has been shown in other investigations of men in feminized arenas because they are shown to accept feminine behavior and homosexuality among men. The emergence of this more inclusive form of masculinity is attributed to many factors, including the structure of the sport, the reduction of cultural, institutional, and organizational homophobia, and the resocialization of men into a gender-integrated sport.
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