With the rapid development of the vehicle navigation system (VNS), the functions of VNS are improved, while the design becomes very complicated. The conventional field-circuit simulation method is ...not precise enough to evaluate the VNS design. It is difficult to ensure that the electromagnetic compatibility index of VNS meets the GMW 3097 standard, resulting in electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing in an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE). If the VNS does not comply with the GMW 3097 standard, it needs to be debugged repeatedly in the expensive ALSE. Therefore, a more accurate simulation method is highly desired, which can be used for improving the designed system to avoid using the expensive ALSE solution. In this study, an advanced field-circuit simulation method utilising actual parameters of the working printed circuit board is proposed to improve the simulation accuracy. The system is debugged by the proposed simulation method. Meanwhile, the optimisation method is proposed to enhance the EMI performance. Finally, by suppressing noise on the transmission path, the emission level of the VNS at 1.6 GHz is reduced from 5.9 dBμV to below−4 dBμV, which is ∼8 dBμV lower than the GMW 3097 standard.
New packaging solutions and power module structures are required to fully utilize the benefits of emerging commercially available wide bandgap semiconductor devices. Conventional packaging solutions ...for power levels of a few kilowatt are bulky, meaning important gate driver and measurement circuitry are not properly integrated. This paper presents a fast-switching integrated power module based on gallium nitride enhancement-mode high-electron-mobility transistors, which is easier to manufacture compared with other hybrid structures. The structure of the proposed power module is presented, and the design of its gate driver circuit and board layout structure is discussed. The thermal characteristics of the designed power module are evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics. An ANSYS Q3D Extractor is used to extract the parasitics of the designed power module, and is included in simulation models of various complexities. The simulation model includes the SPICE model of the gallium nitride devices, and parasitics of components are included by experimentally characterizing them up to 2 GHz. Finally, the designed power module is tested experimentally, and its switching characteristics cohere with the results of the simulation model. The experimental results show a maximum achieved switching transient of 64 V/ns and verify the power loop inductance of 2.65 nH.
This article presents a step-by-step design and modeling of a high-voltage pulse generator (PG) based on a Tesla transformer (TT) with an open-magnetic core to drive a low-impedance high-power ...microwave (HPM) source. Our design uses the off-resonance mode of operation for higher voltage transformation ratios. The pulse-forming line of the transformer is filled with deionized water for a higher energy density of the line and an increased output pulse duration. Maxwell equations are used to establish the transformer parameters such as the magnetizing and leakage inductances, and subsequently, the geometry of the TT for optimum power transfer between the resonant circuits. The required circuit parameters and geometry of the generator producing up to 250 kV and peak power of 9.3 GW when matched to a 6.7-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Omega </tex-math> </inline-formula> load were determined through analytical design and validated through simulations.
Time–domain simulation of electronic and thermal circuits is required by a large array of applications, such as the design and optimization of electric vehicle powertrain components. While efficient ...execution is always a desirable feature of simulation codes, in certain cases like System-in-the-Loop setups, real-time performance is demanded. Whether real-time code execution can be achieved or not in a particular case depends on a series of factors, which include the mathematical formulation of the equations that govern the system dynamics, the techniques used in code implementation, and the capabilities of the hardware architecture on which the simulation is run. In this work, we present an evaluation framework of numerical methods for the simulation of electronic and thermal circuits from the point of view of their ability to deliver real-time performance. The methods were compared using a set of nontrivial benchmark problems and relevant error metrics. The computational efficiency of the simulation codes was measured under different software and hardware environments, to determine the feasibility of using them in industrial applications with reduced computational power.
Automatic design of analog circuits is an important application and research field of evolutionary computation. Although evolutionary circuit design has important exploration value, its massive ...computing resource consumption seriously hinders related research. Most computing resources are used for fitness evaluation (candidate circuit verification). As the most commonly used circuit verification method, AC analysis has been widely applied to evolutionary circuit design and has become the central part of fitness evaluation. In order to improve the speed of fitness evaluation, thereby reducing the computing resource consumption of evolutionary circuit design, this paper presented a fast AC analysis method called Transfer Function Interpolation and Extrapolation (TFIE). In this method, the transfer function acts as a bridge between the circuit and its frequency response. The computation cost of AC analysis can be reduced through fitting and substitution. Experimental results show that TFIE can multiply the speed of AC analysis, significantly reducing the time consumption of evolutionary circuit design, and its precision is sufficient for practical design tasks. Furthermore, the proposed method can analyze some actual circuits, obtaining results with quasi-SPICE-level accuracy. In other words, this paper provides an effective method to reduce the time consumption of fitness evaluation and evolutionary circuit design.
Periodic small-signal analysis plays an essential role in RF circuit simulation. These analyses encounter substantial computational complexity and memory requirements as the circuit size increases. ...To address this challenge, iterative solvers combined with the recycling Krylov subspace method between different frequencies have been proposed as a practical approach to speed up small-signal RF analysis. However, existing recycling iterative methods were derived only with the first-order backward Euler (BE) method. In this work, we propose a recycling Krylov subspace iteration method combined with high-order time integration methods to improve the efficiency of small-signal RF analysis. High-order time integration methods help reduce the time points involved in the preceding large-signal analysis and the matrix size of the small-signal equations in periodic small-signal analysis. The recycling Krylov subspace technology further accelerates the solution of these small-signal equations. Numerical experiments confirm the efficacy and advantages of the proposed method for Periodic AC (PAC) and Periodic Noise (PNoise) analysis.
Robust Power Flow and Three-Phase Power Flow Analyses Pandey, Amritanshu; Jereminov, Marko; Wagner, Martin R. ...
IEEE transactions on power systems,
2019-Jan., 2019-1-00, 20190101, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Robust simulation is essential for reliable operation and planning of transmission and distribution power grids. At present, disparate methods exist for steady-state analysis of the transmission ...(power flow) and distribution power grid (three-phase power flow). Due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, it is difficult for alternating current power flow and three-phase power flow analyses to ensure convergence to the correct physical solution, particularly from arbitrary initial conditions, or when evaluating a change (e.g., contingency) in the grid. In this paper, we describe our equivalent circuit formulation approach with current and voltage variables, which models both the positive sequence network of the transmission grid and three-phase network of the distribution grid without loss of generality. The proposed circuit models and formalism enables the extension and application of circuit simulation techniques to solve for the steady-state solution with excellent robustness of convergence. Examples for positive sequence transmission and three-phase distribution systems, including actual 75k+ nodes Eastern Interconnection transmission test cases and 8k+ nodes taxonomy distribution test cases, are solved from arbitrary initial guesses to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Research on switchable chaotic systems with a large range of parameters is scarce. To explore the chaotic characteristics of such systems, this paper proposes new switchable methods by modifying the ...nonlinear term in the system, resulting in a chaotic system with different nonlinear terms. The unknown parameters in the nonlinear term exhibit different numerical relationships under various combined conditions, and some parameters may tend towards positive infinity. The chaos characteristics are verified by applying a specific switching method to the unified chaotic system. The pseudo-randomness of the random sequence generated by the dissipative system is verified using the NIST test. Finally, the circuit simulation of the system under various switching conditions is performed by selecting different circuit components and adjusting the resistance values.The switching chaotic system is implemented physically on FPGA and breadboard, and the effectiveness of the system is verified.
By exploiting quantum mechanical effects, quantum computers can tackle problems that are infeasible for classical computers. At the same time, these quantum mechanical properties make handling ...quantum states exponentially hard-imposing major challenges on design tools. In the past, methods such as tensor networks or decision diagrams have shown that they can often keep those resource requirements in check by exploiting redundancies within the description of quantum states. But developments thus far focused on pure quantum states which do not provide a physically complete picture and, e.g., ignore frequently occurring noise effects. Density matrix representations provide such a complete picture, but are substantially larger. At the same time, they come with characteristics that allow for a more compact representation. In this work, we unveil this untapped potential and use it to provide a decision diagram representation that is optimized for density matrix representations. By this, we are providing a basis for more efficient design tools such as quantum circuit simulation which explicitly takes noise/error effects into account.
Accurate models of power electronic devices are necessary for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators. This paper proposes a digital hardware emulation of device-level models for the insulated gate ...bipolar transistor (IGBT) and the power diode on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The hardware emulation utilizes detailed physics-based nonlinear models for these devices, and features a fully paralleled implementation using an accurate floating-point data representation in VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) language. A dc-dc buck converter circuit is emulated to validate the hardware IGBT and diode models, and the nonlinear circuit simulation process. The captured oscilloscope results demonstrate high accuracy of the emulator in comparison to the offline simulation of the original system using Saber software.
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