A condensate generated from air in air conditioning (AC) units is a reliable, and a stable source of water possible to be reused in different forms. This study focuses on condensate recovery from ...heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) systems maintaining ambient or indoor air. The database of experiments conducted in outdoor air is much larger than those conducted in indoor air. The experiments conducted in greenhouses, plant factories, vertical farms, and space systems and applications come with assistance The latter include facilities such as the International Space Station and closed analog ecosystems simulating future space bases. In these locations, condensate is mainly recovered for crew needs (consumption, hygiene, etc.). From these studies it is possible to derive knowledge of what treatment processes are required to obtain water of high quality. In general, the most important parameters affecting the quantity and quality of recovered condensate are climate zone and associated climate parameters, building type, building use, and supply air volume. Additionally in case of indoor air recovery, the most important parameters are the climatic conditions, people activity, plant types grown, and whether the system has to operate in a closed loop. Other important parameters influencing condensate composition is construction and material of the HVAC system and the condensate capture system. The growing interest in the market for vertical farms and closed-loop grow chambers is observed globally. Thus, this study will favor future research on condensate recovery from these facilities. This paper deepens the look at the problem of HVAC condensate recovery by including previously not considered places such as closed ecological systems, where condensate is used for drinking water purposes.
•Water recovery from the ambient and indoor air.•Condensate quality and quantity collected from the HVAC systems.•Review of condensate recovery from the air and its reusage potential.•Comparison of research in terrestrial and extraterrestrial conditions.
Porenbeton ist aufgrund seiner hervorragenden Dämmeigenschaften ein häufig verwendetes Baumaterial für Mauersteine sowie vorgefertigte bewehrte Bauteile und Mineraldämmplatten – mit wachsender ...Beliebtheit. Altporenbeton aus dem Abbruch und Rückbau von Gebäuden wird derzeit hauptsächlich deponiert. Deponiekapazitäten nehmen jedoch ab und der rechtliche Rahmen verlangt feste Recyclingquoten. Um ein hochwertiges Recyclingnetzwerk von Altporenbeton zu etablieren, werden Informationen über rezyklierbare Mengen, ihr zeitliches Aufkommen und ihre regionale Verteilung benötigt. Da diese bislang nicht vorhanden sind, wurde ein neues Modell zur Quantifizierung von Altporenbeton unter Nutzung historischer Porenbetonproduktion, Bautätigkeit, regionaler Marktanteile von Porenbeton und Gebäudelebensdauern entwickelt. Das Modell wurde für Deutschland im Zeitraum 1950–2050 (jahresgenau) mit geografischer Unterteilung in 401 Regionen angewendet. In den nächsten Jahrzehnten ist den Ergebnissen zufolge mit stark steigenden Altporenbetonaufkommen zu rechnen. Das Aufkommen in Deutschland könnte von 160.000 m3 (2000) über 1.200.000 m3 (2020) auf mehr als 4.000.000m3 (2050) ansteigen. Es werden signifikante Mengen v. a. in großen deutschen Städten wie Berlin, Hamburg, München, Bremen, Hannover, Köln, Frankfurt und Stuttgart erwartet. Diese Ergebnisse bieten eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Kreislaufführung von Altporenbeton in Bezug auf Standort‐ und Kapazitätsplanung sowie Logistik.
Post‐demolition autoclaved aerated concrete in Germany until 2050 – a forecast
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a widely used building material for masonry blocks as well as prefabricated reinforced components and mineral insulation boards with growing popularity due to its exceptional insulating properties. Waste AAC from the demolition and dismantling of buildings is currently mainly landfilled. However, landfill capacities are decreasing, and the legal framework requires fixed recycling rates. Information is needed on recyclable quantities, temporal occurrence, and regional distribution to establish a high‐quality recycling network for post‐demolition AAC. Since this information is not yet available, a new model was developed to quantify post‐demolition AAC volumes using historical AAC production, construction activity, regional market shares of AAC and building lifetimes. The model was applied for Germany from 1950 to 2050 (year‐by‐year) with a geographical subdivision into 401 regions. According to the results, the post‐demolition AAC volume is expected to rise sharply in the coming decades. The volume in Germany could increase from 160,000 m3 (2000) to 1,200,000 m3 (2020) to more than 4,000,000 m3 (2050). Significant volumes are expected, especially in large German cities such as Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Bremen, Hanover, Cologne, Frankfurt and Stuttgart. These results offer a decision‐making aid for the recycling of post‐demolition AAC concerning location and capacity planning as well as logistics.
The Effective Organization Hesselbein, Frances
The Executive educator,
1992, Letnik:
14, Številka:
3
Journal Article
The former Girl Scouts CEO discusses her hierarchy-flattening circular management concept. Traditionally, organizations have been bureaucracies dominated by a command-and-control orientation. As ...Drucker advises, nonprofit organizations, like corporations, must reexamine their mission's workability, consider who is the customer, and underscore what the customer values. Multiracial communities offer enormous opportunities. (MLH)
