Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone which is essential in eukaryotes. It is required for the activation and stabilization of a wide variety of client proteins and ...many of them are involved in important cellular pathways. Since Hsp90 affects numerous physiological processes such as signal transduction, intracellular transport, and protein degradation, it became an interesting target for cancer therapy. Structurally, Hsp90 is a flexible dimeric protein composed of three different domains which adopt structurally distinct conformations. ATP binding triggers directionality in these conformational changes and leads to a more compact state. To achieve its function, Hsp90 works together with a large group of cofactors, termed co-chaperones. Co-chaperones form defined binary or ternary complexes with Hsp90, which facilitate the maturation of client proteins. In addition, posttranslational modifications of Hsp90, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, provide another level of regulation. They influence the conformational cycle, co-chaperone interaction, and inter-domain communications. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in understanding the Hsp90 machinery.
How the attorney-client relationship favors the
privileged in criminal court-and denies justice to the poor and to
working-class people of color The number of Americans
arrested, brought to court, ...and incarcerated has skyrocketed in
recent decades. Criminal defendants come from all races and
economic walks of life, but they experience punishment in vastly
different ways. Privilege and Punishment examines how
racial and class inequalities are embedded in the attorney-client
relationship, providing a devastating portrait of inequality and
injustice within and beyond the criminal courts. Matthew Clair
conducted extensive fieldwork in the Boston court system, attending
criminal hearings and interviewing defendants, lawyers, judges,
police officers, and probation officers. In this eye-opening book,
he uncovers how privilege and inequality play out in criminal court
interactions. When disadvantaged defendants try to learn their
legal rights and advocate for themselves, lawyers and judges often
silence, coerce, and punish them. Privileged defendants, who are
more likely to trust their defense attorneys, delegate authority to
their lawyers, defer to judges, and are rewarded for their
compliance. Clair shows how attempts to exercise legal rights often
backfire on the poor and on working-class people of color, and how
effective legal representation alone is no guarantee of justice.
Superbly written and powerfully argued, Privilege and
Punishment draws needed attention to the injustices that are
perpetuated by the attorney-client relationship in today's criminal
courts, and describes the reforms needed to correct them.
Beyond the Work Product will prepare business attorneys (and particularly law students and new attorneys) for a successful law practice by providing a framework for effective and efficient lawyering. ...It emphasizes building relationships and trust with clients so that, despite the existence of less costly alternatives, they will keep coming back for more.The approach is process-focused rather than outcome-focused; it emphasizes every step of the lawyering process, not simply delivering the best work product possible. Whether you are at a big firm, a small firm, or a solo practice, approaching lawyering as a relationship-driven job will help you build a sustainable practice and even increase your enjoyment of your work.
By exploiting the computing power and local data of distributed clients, federated learning (FL) features ubiquitous properties such as reduction of communication overhead and preserving data ...privacy. In each communication round of FL, the clients update local models based on their own data and upload their local updates via wireless channels. However, latency caused by hundreds to thousands of communication rounds remains a bottleneck in FL. To minimize the training latency, this work provides a multi-armed bandit-based framework for online client scheduling (CS) in FL without knowing wireless channel state information and statistical characteristics of clients. Firstly, we propose a CS algorithm based on the upper confidence bound policy (CS-UCB) for ideal scenarios where local datasets of clients are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and balanced. An upper bound of the expected performance regret of the proposed CS-UCB algorithm is provided, which indicates that the regret grows logarithmically over communication rounds. Then, to address non-ideal scenarios with non-i.i.d. and unbalanced properties of local datasets and varying availability of clients, we further propose a CS algorithm based on the UCB policy and virtual queue technique (CS-UCB-Q). An upper bound is also derived, which shows that the expected performance regret of the proposed CS-UCB-Q algorithm can have a sub-linear growth over communication rounds under certain conditions. Besides, the convergence performance of FL training is also analyzed. Finally, simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
The widely disseminated clinical method of motivational interviewing (MI) arose through a convergence of science and practice. Beyond a large base of clinical trials, advances have been made toward ..."looking under the hood" of MI to understand the underlying mechanisms by which it affects behavior change. Such specification of outcome-relevant aspects of practice is vital to theory development and can inform both treatment delivery and clinical training. An emergent theory of MI is proposed that emphasizes two specific active components: a relational component focused on empathy and the interpersonal spirit of MI, and a technical component involving the differential evocation and reinforcement of client change talk. A resulting causal chain model links therapist training, therapist and client responses during treatment sessions, and posttreatment outcomes.
This book provides an overview of best practice strategic marketing with advice on how to implement effective marketing activities in libraries and information services with the best chance of ...success.
Data stores and cloud services are typically accessed using a client-server paradigm wherein the client runs as part of an application process which is trying to access the data store or cloud ...service. This paper presents the design and implementation of enhanced clients for improving both the functionality and performance of applications accessing data stores or cloud services. Our enhanced clients can improve performance via multiple types of caches, encrypt data for providing confidentiality before sending information to a server, and compress data for reducing the size of data transfers. Our clients can perform data analysis to allow applications to more effectively use cloud services. They also provide both synchronous and asynchronous interfaces. An asynchronous interface allows an application program to access a data store or cloud service and continue execution before receiving a response which can significantly improve performance. We present a Universal Data Store Manager (UDSM) which allows an application to access multiple different data stores and provides a common interface to each data store. The UDSM also can monitor the performance of different data stores. A workload generator allows users to easily determine and compare the performance of different data stores. We also present NLU-SA, an application for performing natural language understanding and sentiment analysis on text documents. NLU-SA is implemented on top of our enhanced clients and integrates text analysis with Web searching. We present results from NLU-SA on sentiment on the Web towards major companies and countries. We also present a performance analysis of our enhanced clients.
This paper studies federated learning (FL) in a classic wireless network, where learning clients share a common wireless link to a coordinating server to perform federated model training using their ...local data. In such wireless federated learning networks (WFLNs), optimizing the learning performance depends crucially on how clients are selected and how bandwidth is allocated among the selected clients in every learning round, as both radio and client energy resources are limited. While existing works have made some attempts to allocate the limited wireless resources to optimize FL, they focus on the problem in individual learning rounds, overlooking an inherent yet critical feature of federated learning. This paper brings a new long-term perspective to resource allocation in WFLNs, realizing that learning rounds are not only temporally interdependent but also have varying significance towards the final learning outcome. To this end, we first design data-driven experiments to show that different temporal client selection patterns lead to considerably different learning performance. With the obtained insights, we formulate a stochastic optimization problem for joint client selection and bandwidth allocation under long-term client energy constraints, and develop a new algorithm that utilizes only currently available wireless channel information but can achieve long-term performance guarantee. Experiments show that our algorithm results in the desired temporal client selection pattern, is adaptive to changing network environments and far outperforms benchmarks that ignore the long-term effect of FL.
Rechtsanwälte in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz haben Akquise, Strategieentwicklung und unternehmerisches Denken nicht gelernt, obwohl sie faktisch Unternehmer sind. Dieses Buch füllt die ...Lücke. Als Nachschlagewerk enthält es konkrete Handlungsanweisungen für alle Anwälte, die ihre Akquise optimieren möchten und zeigt erfolgreich erprobte Praxistipps ebenso auf wie Methoden anwaltlicher Kommunikation, Organisation und Strategie. Online-Akquise und Legal Tech werden noch in dieser Dekade Marktpositionen und Strategien von Kanzleien jeder Größe nachhaltig verändern. Deshalb liegt der Fokus der zweiten Auflage auf diesen Themen.
Frederic G. Reamer offers a frank analysis of a range of boundary issues that human-service practitioners may confront. This third edition brings the book up to date, adding discussion of the ways in ...which practitioners' online communications and technology-based relationships with clients can violate ethical standards.
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