Coronavirus induced diseases can cause significant damage to agriculture that is associated with high (up to 100%) lethality in young animals. Members of the family Coronaviridae are characterized by ...the fact that they infect a wide range of animals and birds with expressed species-limited pathogenicity. One more coronavirus specificity involves their ability to simultaneously affect more than one organ. The disease severity is also strongly correlated with the age of the susceptible animal and degree of pathology. Thus, the coronavirus induced diseases are most often acute in newborn and young animals, while such diseases often develop into chronic and latent forms in adult animals. The general property of all coronavirus-induced diseases involves acute impairement of capillary circulation in the affected organ thus leading to the development of further pathology. The proposed review demonstrates brief overview of the history of discovery and examination of the viruses of Coronaviridae family and describes the coronavirus taxonomy. The paper reviews the virus structure, physico-chemical and biological properties; it describes specific features of their cultivation in vitro, some biochemical aspects of the virus replication and analyses the process of their propagation in the sensitive cells. Some data on the virus antigen structure and immunogenicity, on the presence of related antigens in the coronaviruses infecting humans, animals and birds are demonstrated as well. The paper provides data on the significant role the coronaviruses play in the pathology of farm animals and stresses their economic relevance, in particular for the commercial pig and poultry production.
Covid-19 pandemic is in a massive second wave in India. The new variant is considered more infectious. Diabetic patients are considered more vulnerable to develop some of the complications of acute ...Covid-19 infections. Furthermore, steroids are being used in the treatment of Covid-19 related pneumonia in a large number of patients. Hence, secondary fungal infections are being increasing observed, with very high mortality. We present the clinical, imaging and histopathological features in a diabetic patient who recovered from acute Covid-19 infection. However, he developed palatal and maxillary mucormycosis. Mucosal debridement, sinus surgery and antifungal treatment led to a satisfactory outcome.
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses numerous health challenges, including the adequate use and proper interpretation of the different available tests in different clinical settings. As any ...diagnostic test, those of SARS-CoV-2 have methodological limitations of sensitivity (S) and specificity (E), which eventually determine their positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value. Furthermore, their diagnostic performance depends on the clinical context in which these tests are used, that is, on the pretest probability. This article: (1) reviews the main methodological aspects that influence the S, E, PPV and NPV of the most common SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests; and, (2) discusses its diagnostic interpretation in different clinical settings.
Introduction: the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected a large part of the population of La Libertad, among them, the population of Florencia de Mora whose hospital played an important role in the care of ...patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Objective: to determine the epidemiological clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 treated at the care center. Methods: Retrospective observational descriptive study, with a population of 2622 patients treated in the COVID-19 triage, taking into account the molecular test and the rapid serology test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Results: SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 74.90% (1155) of patients. The months with the highest number of cases were June and July with 29.4% (340) and 37.4% (432), respectively. The predominant age group was 27- 59 years with 77.9% (900) and males with 57.5% (664). Regarding the clinical profile, the most frequent comorbidity was hypertension with 6.9% (80), obesity and overweight with 3.7% (43) and the most frequent symptoms were cough 62.9% (726) and odynophagia 55.7% (643). Conclusions: 75 out of 100 screened patients had SARS-CoV-2, predominantly males, the age group of 27-59 years, hypertension, obesity and overweight as comorbidity, cough and odynophagia as the most frequent symptoms.
The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, ...continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high case/fatality ratio in pigs. In Europe, wild boar are especially affected. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on ASF in wild boar in Europe. The current ASF panzootic is characterized by self-sustaining cycles of infection in the wild boar population. Spill-over and spill-back events occur from wild boar to domestic pigs and vice versa. The social structure of wild boar populations and the spatial behavior of the animals, a variety of ASF virus (ASFV) transmission mechanisms and persistence in the environment complicate the modeling of the disease. Control measures focus on the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses, in which ASFV can remain infectious for months. Further measures include the reduction in wild boar density and the limitation of wild boar movements through fences. Using these measures, the Czech Republic and Belgium succeeded in eliminating ASF in their territories, while the disease spread in others. So far, no vaccine is available to protect wild boar or domestic pigs reliably against ASF.
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia belongs to the group of primary dyskinesias, which also includes paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia and exercise-induced paroxysmal dyskinesia. Due to the rarity ...of this disease group, as well as to the existence of a wide spectrum of disorders associated with transient movement abnormalities, the diagnosis is often difficult. A thorough analysis of clinical presentation, objective registration of paroxysmal events (video-electroencephalography monitoring) is helpful in the diagnosis. The most common causes of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia are mutations in the PRRT2 gene, while paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia is caused by the MR1 gene mutations.
The paper describes a clinical case of a 13 year old patient with acute, movement-associated, shortterm dystonic, choreic and ballistic hyperkinesis attacks. The patient had been treated with the diagnosis of epilepsy, tics, and dystonia for a long time without any effect. During diagnostic workup, a mutation in the
PRRT2
gene intron was identified by a new generation sequencing of gene panel. Despite of this mutation has not been previously described, taking into account the type of Informed consent statement hyperkinesis attacks, association of their onset to movements, as well as the data of instrumental assessments, the diagnosis of paroxysmal kinesi-genic dyskinesia was made. Treatment with carbamazepine was successful with complete control over hyperkinesis.
The diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesias remains based on the analysis of clinical picture and the trigger type. Molecular genetic diagnostics, with consideration of the most frequent causal mutations related to these conditions, can minimize both time and financial costs.
In this exploratory study, we searched for associations between the two most common diseases of the oral cavity—dental caries and periodontal diseases—taking into account additional factors, such as ...personalized clinical pictures (the individual risk factors of the patient), based on the method of a multivariate data analysis of the molecular changes in the composition of human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). For this purpose, a set of synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of gingival crevicular fluid samples from patients with different demographics, levels of dental caries development and periodontal diseases, and the presence/absence of concomitant chronic diseases were obtained and analyzed. Using a set of techniques (v-, F-, Chi-square tests; a principal component analysis (PCA); and the hierarchical clustering of principal components (HCPCs)) implemented in the R package FactoMineR allowed us to assess the relationship between the principal components (PCs) and characteristics of the respondents. By identifying the features (vibrational modes in the FTIR spectra) that contribute most to the differentiation of the spectral dataset, and by taking into account the interrelationships between the patients’ characteristics, we were able to match specific biological markers (specific molecular groups) to the two factors of interest—two types of oral pathologies. The results obtained show that the observed changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the modes in the infrared (IR) spectra of the GCF samples from patients with different dental caries developments and periodontal diseases present confirm the difficulty of identifying patient-specific spectral information. At the same time, different periodontal pathologies are more closely associated with other characteristics of the patients than the level of their caries development. The multivariate analysis performed on the spectral dataset indicates the need to take into account not only the co-occurrence of oral diseases, but also some other factors. The lack of this consideration (typical in lots of studies in this area) may lead to misinterpretations and consequently to a loss of data when searching for biological markers of certain oral diseases.
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