The Baby Boomers are the largest and most powerful generation in
American history-and they aren't going away any time soon. They
are, on average, whiter, wealthier, and more conservative than
younger ...generations. They dominate cultural and political
institutions and make up the largest slice of the electorate.
Generational conflict, with Millennials and Generation Z pitted
against the aging Boomer cohort, has become a media staple. Older
and younger voters are increasingly at odds: Republicans as a whole
skew gray-haired, and within the Democratic Party, the left-leaning
youth vote propels primary challengers. The generation gap is
widening into a political fault line. Kevin Munger marshals novel
data and survey evidence to argue that generational conflict will
define the politics of the next decade. He examines the historical
trends that made the Baby Boomers so consequential and traces the
emergence of age-based political and cultural divisions. Boomers
continue to prefer the media culture of their youth, but
Millennials and Gen Z are using the internet to render legacy
institutions irrelevant. These divergent media habits have led more
people than ever to identify with their generation. Munger shows
that a common "cohort consciousness" binds aging Boomer voters into
a bloc-but a shared identity and purpose among Millennials and Gen
Z could topple Boomer power. Bringing together expertise in data
analysis and digital culture with keen insight into contemporary
politics, Generation Gap explains why the Baby Boomers
remain so dominant and how quickly that might change.
Chronicles the five-decade journey of the New Delhi Birth Cohort, founded in an era when the nature and sustainability of such investigation was considered unthinkable.
African Americans patients were less likely to use telehealth than other races, and utilization of telehealth did not improve their no show rate unlike patients from other racial backgrounds.
Analysts often use different conceptual definitions of a cohort effect, and therefore different statistical methods, which lead to differing empirical results. A definition often used in sociology ...assumes that cohorts have unique characteristics confounded by age and period effects, whereas epidemiologists often conceive that period and age effects interact to produce cohort effects. The present study aims to illustrate these differences by estimating age, period, and cohort (APC) effects on obesity prevalence in the U.S. from 1971 to 2006 using both conceptual approaches. Data were drawn from seven cross-sectional waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obesity was defined as BMI
≥
30 for adults and ≥95th percentile for children under the age of 20. APC effects were estimated using the classic constraint-based method (first-order effects estimated and interpreted), the Holford method (first-order effects estimated but second-order effects interpreted), and median polish method (second-order effects are estimated and interpreted). Results indicated that all methods report significant age and period effects, with lower obesity prevalence in early life as well as increasing prevalence in successive surveys. Positive cohort effects for more recently born cohorts emerged based on the constraint-based model; when cohort effects were considered second-order estimates, no significant effects emerged. First-order estimates of age–period–cohort effects are often criticized because of their reliance on arbitrary constraints, but may be conceptually meaningful for sociological research questions. Second-order estimates are statistically estimable and produce conceptually meaningful results for epidemiological research questions. Age–period–cohort analysts should explicitly state the definition of a cohort effect under consideration. Our analyses suggest that the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. in the latter part of the 20th century rose across all birth cohorts, in the manner expected based on estimated age and period effects. As such, the absence or presence of cohort effects depends on the conceptual definition and therefore statistical method used.
The China birth cohort study (CBCS) Yue, Wentao; Zhang, Enjie; Liu, Ruixia ...
European journal of epidemiology,
03/2022, Letnik:
37, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The China birth cohort study (CBCS) is a prospective longitudinal, mega-cohort study and the first national-based birth cohort study, aiming to establish a birth cohort covering representative ...geographical areas of the whole of China to investigate risk factors for birth defects and develop strategies for their reduction. Pregnant women who are of Chinese nationality, are 6–13
+6
weeks of gestation, plan to attend the routine antenatal examination and deliver in the study site, and give their informed, written consent are eligible to participate in this study. All participants are followed-up through an in-person interview at 20–23
+6
weeks and again at 28–33
+6
weeks of gestation, and at delivery, respectively. CBCS has been divided into three phases from 20th November 2017 to 31st December 2021, and the first two phases have now been completed on 29th February 2020, enrolling 120 377 eligible pregnant women during this period. During the same period a total of 40 837 participants had been followed up to the end of pregnancy. Study recruitment will continue until December 2021 to achieve the target of 500 000 participants. Meanwhile, biological samples including peripheral blood, amniocytes, cord blood, placenta, or umbilical cord tissue have been collected from participants according to various conditions. The incidence of birth defects in this group is 2.5% and congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect seen so far. A website is in the advanced stages of planning, to allow seamless data transfer and facilitate collaboration with groups around the world.
BackgroundQ-Motor assessments have been used in a number of large multicenter clinical studies in Huntington’s disease and beyond. Q-Motor has proven to be a robust and sensitive tool to track and ...compare motor performance cross-sectionally or longitudinally, reducing placebo effects and rater bias compared to clinical scales.AimsThe current study investigated whether the application of Q-Motor assessments in a large population-based sample is feasible, and whether it provides the opportunity to generate normative data and to investigate the effects of demographic variables on Q-Motor measures.MethodsThe BiDirect study is an observational, prospective cohort study conducted at the University of Muenster in Germany. All participants, including the population-based control cohort, performed the Q-Motor speeded tapping (digitomotography) and grasping & lifting (manumotography and choreomotography) tasks. Normative data was gathered with regard to age and sex, thereby considering further mediating variables. Effects were estimated using univariate multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe use of Q-Motor assessments was feasible in the setting of this longitudinal cohort study. Normative data was generated for all tasks applied and measures proposed. The applied models showed significant effects of age and sex on some tapping speed measures and involuntary movements: participants showed decreasing performance with increasing age. Moreover, women tended to tap slower than men, and the non-dominant hand showed reduced performance compared to the dominant hand across tests.ConclusionsQ-Motor assessments are feasible for population-based cohort studies. The normative data generated here will enable comparative analysis in other studies and clinical trials, including more robust conclusions about clinical change.
PDF
