Keywords CIELAB (instrumental) colour space, Colour measurement, Munsell visual colour order system, SCOTDIC colour atlas, CIELAB lightness, Hue and chroma, Munsell (SCOTDIC) hue, Value and chroma ...Paper type Research paper (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.) 1.Introduction Colour is an essential part of our daily life and objects around us. Wyszecki (1986) classified colour order systems into three groups: (1) colourant-mixture system or subtractive mixture of colourants e.g. Pantone; (2) colour-mixture system or additive mixture of colour stimuli e.g. Ostwald system; and (3) colour appearance system on the basis of colour perception or colour appearance, e.g. Munsell, ICI prepared a colour atlas in 1969 my mixing various colourants. The Pantone system (Pantone, 2018) was first developed in the USA in the year 1963 for defining colours for printers, but slowly entered into other fields later e.g. textiles in 1984, plastics in 1993, and architecture and interiors (1925 colours) in 2002, each of which has a 6-digit numerical notation (e.g. # 19-1764) and an inspirational colour name. For systematic classification and description of colour US artist and professor Munsell (1905), described "Munsell Colour Order system" using decimal notation instead of colour names to fill the gap between art and science.
This research established a database of analytical values associated with 173 commercial red wines from 7 vintages (1995–2001), 4 varieties (Pinot noir, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon) ...and 13 vineyard locations within BC. Wines were analyzed for sulfur dioxide, pH, titratable acidity, phenolics, tartaric esters, flavonols, as well as copigmented, monomeric, polymeric, and total anthocyanins. Colour was evaluated using colour density, hue, and
L,
a
∗,
b
∗ and chroma measurements. The sensory astringent qualities were characterized on a subset of 78 wines, using a panel of 12 judges. The panel evaluated the magnitude of the astringency, astringent aftertaste, oakiness and bitterness, as well as 3 astringent sub-qualities (surface roughness, drying, puckering). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, principle component analyses, and canonical discriminant analyses to track the influence of variety, vintage and vineyard location. Trends were observable despite large variation in winemaking techniques. Red colour, colour density, copigmented, monomeric, polymeric and total anthocyanins were lowest in Pinot noir and highest in Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Younger wines had higher concentrations of copigmented, monomeric, and total anthocyanins than did older wines. Canonical discriminant analysis of the analytical and sensory determinations were successful in distinguishing the wines according to where the grapes were grown.
This study investigated the effects of different fire retardant chemicals on surface and thermal properties of veneer sheets. Beech (Fagus orientalis), alder (Alnus glutinosa), poplar (Populus ...deltoides) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were chosen as wood species and zinc borate, borax, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate were chosen as fire retardant chemicals. The samples were impregnated by using the immersion method. Some surface properties such as colour measurements and surface roughness of the veneer sheets were conducted according to CIE L*a*b* system. Some thermal properties such as thermal conductivity of the veneer sheets were conducted according to standard and weight loss after combustion was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Conforming to the results from the study, it was found that fire retardant chemicals increased the thermal conductivity and surface roughness of veneer sheets. Also, TGA experiments showed that all of the fire retardant chemicals decreased the loss in weights.
Indigo quality is determined by its indigotin content. Another quality indicator is colour. For an evaluation of species, indigo samples from
,
,
,
,
and
cultivated in Austria and China were visually ...classified and analysed spectrophotometrically and using a L*a*b* measuring device. In addition to a standardised hot-extraction method without lime, some samples were extracted simulating traditional methods at ambient temperatures using lime. The highest indigotin contents were achieved with
(55%, Austria) and
(56%, China). There were no statistically significant differences between the indigo extraction yields of the species cultivated in Austria, but
and
had statistically significantly higher indigotin extraction yields than
and
. From the species extracted in China,
showed higher values in all parameters than
,
and
. Compared with the standardised method, the method simulating local practice yielded more indigo but had a lower indigotin content; the indigotin extraction yields did not differ greatly. L*a*b* values enabled precise estimations of the indigotin content, making it an interesting option for quality control, as inexpensive, easy-to-handle L*a*b* measuring instruments have become available.
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•Dyed cotton textiles on a microscopic level were studied by MSP UV–Vis.•The intra-/inter-sample variation and dichroism effect of cotton fibres were observed.•No correlation was ...stated between the concentration of dye and the colour uniformity.•The changes of the CIEL∗a∗b∗ values with concentration of dye in fibre were predicted.
The main purposes of this study was to assess the usefulness of microspectrophotometry (MSP), both in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) range for discriminating single cotton fibres dyed with reactive dyes coming from the same manufacturer, as well as the possibility of evaluation of the concentration of dye in an examine fibre. This study utilised woven cotton fabrics dyed with different concentrations of one-compound reactive dyes with the commercial name Cibacron® (at present Novacron®) as the focus of the MSP analysis.
The spectra were recorded in the UV–Vis range between 200 and 800nm, in transmission mode. The results from this study illustrated that all of the analysed cotton samples dyed with reactive dyes were distinguishable between each other with the use of MSP, mostly in the visible, and also in ultraviolet range. The limit for applied MSP techniques was 0.18% of the concentration of a dye in the textile sample. The results indicate that based on the absorbance measurements for fibres constituting e.g. forensic traces it was not possible to estimate the concentration of the dye in the fibre because Beer’s law did not obey. The intra-sample, and inter- sample variation, as well as dichroism effect in a case of a cotton fibres dyed with reactive dye were observed. On the basis of the results obtained for each analysed cotton sample, it was concluded that there was no correlation between colour uniformity in cotton fabric (changes in lightness, red/green and yellow/blue colour) and concentration of the reactive dye.
The applicability of colour, magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements for the identification of heated or accidentally burned Palaeolithic cherts from Moravia (Czech Republic) ...is tested in this study. We conclude that all these methods are usable. Colour changes are best detectable in materials heated at between 250–350°C, while magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization change at higher temperatures, closer to 600°C. This latter temperature, however, is usually destructive for cherts and is probably evidenced by accidentally burned artefacts. With the use of the three methods, we managed to identify three probably heated chert artefacts from two early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages from Moravia.
Adaptive hypotheses about colour variation are widespread in behavioural ecology, and several methods of objective colour assessment have been proposed and validated for use in a wide variety of ...taxa. However, to date, the most objective and reliable methods of assessing colour are not readily applied to wild animals. In the present study, we present a simple method for assessing colour in unrestrained, wild subjects using digital photography. The method we describe uses a digital camera, a colour standard, and colour analysis software, and can be used to measure any part of the visible colour spectrum. We demonstrate that the method: (1) is accurate and precise across different light conditions; (2) satisfies previous criteria regarding linearity and red, green, and blue equality; and (3) can be independently validated visually. In contrast with previous digital methods, this method can be used under natural light conditions and can be readily applied to subjects in their natural habitat. To illustrate this, we use the method to measure chest colour in wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Unique among primates, geladas have a red patch of skin on their chest and neck, which, for males, is thought to be a sexually selected signal. Offering some support to this hypothesis, we found differences in chest 'redness' for males across different age groups, with males in their reproductive prime exhibiting the reddest chests.
In this work we introduce a colour measurement method based on sensor fusion for the complete characterization of LED lighting systems. The measurement information from indirect, high-resolution ...filter camera measurements is combined with spectral and photometric point measurements. The results of the developed measurement method are angle-resolved chromaticity coordinates as well as angle-resolved spectral information.
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