It is generally known that the color of an object changes with the change of its surface temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative dependency of measured colorimetric data ...on the temperature variation of an object for different types of colored materials. Specifically, textile fabrics, ceramic tiles, plastic plaques, ink‐printed paper cards, and paint‐coated cards were utilized, and the results were evaluated. The impacts of temperature alteration on the CIELAB colorimetric data were examined and evaluated. The total color difference and differences in the CIE coordinates of each colored sample, compared with the measured color data at 20°C, are presented. The results reveal how each measured CIE colorimetric coordinate, as well as color difference, varies with the surface temperature of the object for samples of different types of colored materials.
The ADMI color scale is developed to measure the color of wastewater as an indicator of water quality. ADMI color is a metric quantity based on the Adams Nickerson color difference between the ...APHA/Pt-Co/Hazen liquid standards and distilled water. The Adams Nickelson color formula is obtained by transforming CIE tristimulus color indices into a uniform metric color scale that is independent of hue. If two colors of different hues are different to the same degree from the reference colorless water, then the difference will be the same. For a general purpose spectrophotometer with a measuring range of 360 nm to 830 nm and the wavelength resolution of 1 nm, we developed an ADMI color application based on APHA 2120F weighted-ordinate spectrophotometric method for measuring the color of wastewater in the range of 0 ADMI to 500 ADMI.
ABSTRACT The current investigation was carried out to develop a sustainable dyeing method by utilization of a marine brown seaweed Cystoseira indica as natural dye. Moreover, the dyeing process was ...optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variables on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found at the optimized dyeing condition has 1 percent formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing period. At this condition, the dye molecule shows 70 percent exhaustion and 59 percent fixation along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activities Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all tested organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency for Candida albicans and poorer than for Escherichia coli.
The scientific journal articles (n = 150) were examined to obtain instrumental egg color data published in the period 2009–2020. The majority of articles originated from Asia (42.0%), investigated ...yolk color (45.3%), selected Minolta device (65.3%). The greatest part of papers failed to include parameters such as port size (92.0%), observer (90.0%), illuminant (84.0%), technical replicates (70.0%) and calibration method (66.7%), and, therefore, this represents a key matter in conducting comparative research to ensure equivalence in order to trace and compare different research data. Furthermore, the usage of a computer vision system (CVS) for egg color analysis was investigated. The color of five egg species (chicken, goose, duck, quail and turkey) was estimated using a CVS and a traditional colorimeter. The CVS-produced color was highly similar to the actual color of egg sample (ranging from 75.0 to 100.0%). The color of eggshell gathered through the Minolta depicts brighter, less “red” and more “yellow” appearance than CVS. Regarding the color of yolk samples, Minolta had lighter (except the goose's yolk), more “green” and less “yellow” color, whereas CVS indicated the appearance of albumen as lighter (except quail's), more “red” and less “yellow” than colorimeter. Those results read by Minolta showed a non-real color of egg samples, whereas CVS-obtained color was highly similar to the actual egg color sample. Considering these results, it could be concluded that the CVS is a superior alternative for replacing traditional devices by providing better accuracy.
Paper and papyrus endurance depends on their intrinsic properties that are related to the manufacture processes and to the environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, presence of ...micro-organisms, etc.). During the time, paper and papyrus undergo unavoidable ageing processes causing mainly the degradation of the cellulose. In the framework of the European Project “PAPERTECH” a multi-analytical approach was selected to carefully study the behaviour, properties, and the quality of different samples of paper with different provenience, before and after artificial ageing. This work was focused to understand and explain the degradation processes occurring in paper during the time. Portable EDXRF, NMR, Raman, FTIR, ATR, mechanical properties, colour measurement and XRD analyses were performed before and after the accelerated weathering. The light and the chemical oxidation were found to cause the most aggressive ageing processes.
This paper studies the black soiling rate of building granite, marble and limestones in two urban environments with different climates.
Specimens were placed horizontally, sheltered and unsheltered ...from rainfall. Colour changes were monitored. Changes in
L
∗
were utilised to determine the total darkening of the stones and their soiling rate and were compared by statistical analysis.
Black soiling depended on the type of stone and exposure. Limestones, mainly, showed a soiling proportional to the square root of the time of exposure. In this case, soiling coefficients could indicate frequency of necessary cleaning. The rest of the selected stones did not show such an evident relationship.
The soiling tendency of all sheltered limestones was quite similar and more severe than in marble and granite. Soiling was related to the stone colour, type of voids and surface characteristics. Soiling of unsheltered specimens also seemed to depend on the rainfall conditions (rain periods, intensity, amount, temperature, etc.), which could influence both particle deposition and removal from stone surfaces.
The use of calibrated, commercial digital cameras for dental applications is promising. The color accuracy of various calibration models were evaluated as applied to three commercial digital cameras ...for use in dental color matching.
CIE LAB values of 264 color patches and 65 shade tabs were measured with a spectroradiometer. Digital images of the samples were taken with the Nikon D100, Canon D60 and Sigma SD9 cameras. Four regression models were formulated from the color patch CIE LAB and the digital image values. Shade tab CIE LAB colors were predicted by applying the digital image values into the calibration models and were compared to the measured CIE LAB values. The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test determined if the 12 camera/calibration models differed significantly from the color measurement setup.
Every camera/calibration model (Δ
E's ranging from 1.79 to 5.25) showed a statistically significant difference from the color measurement setup.
Commercial SLR digital cameras when combined with the appropriate calibration protocols showed potential for use in the color replication process of clinical dentistry.
This study was conducted to investigate the potential of hyperspectral imaging technique in a rapid and non-invasive manner for measuring colour distribution of grass carp fillets during cold ...storage. The quantitative calibration models were established between the spectral data extracted from the hyperspectral images and the measured colour reference values by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). The performance of two spectral ranges of 400–1,000 and 1,000–2,500 nm was compared to select the best spectral range for further colour analysis of grass carp fillets. The LS-SVM model using the whole spectral range possessed better performance than the PLSR model for predicting colour components of L* and a* with higher coefficients of determination (R ² P) of 0.916 and 0.905 and lower root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of 2.876 and 2.253, respectively. Seven (466, 525, 590, 620, 715, 850 and 955 nm) and five (465, 585, 660, 720 and 950 nm) optimal wavelengths carrying the most important and sensitive information were recognized and selected using successive projections algorithm (SPA) for predicting L* and a*, with R ² P values of 0.912 and 0.891 being obtained from the optimized SPA-LS-SVM models established based on the selected valuable wavelengths. In addition, the visualization maps of colour distribution of the examined fish fillets were acquired. The overall results of this study demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technique in the spectral range of 400–1,000 nm has the potential to be used as an objective and promising tool for rapid and non-destructive measurement of colour distribution of grass carp fillets.
Xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) are nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) which are recently authorized as novel food ingredients in European Union. Present study introduces the effect of XOS on baking ...quality of cookies. Color measurements proved that XOS enhance the caramelization during baking. Texture profile, geometry, and baking loss of cookies showed little changes due to XOS addition indicating that XOS are easy to incorporate into baking products. Based on sensory evaluation by expert panel, it was observed that XOS increased the “baked character” of the cookies as indicated by the increased caramel flavor, darker color, and crispier texture. XOS addition also increased the sweet taste and global taste intensity of cookies suggesting that in bakery products XOS evolve a flavor enhancer role. XOS proved to be a promising new alternative to increase dietary fiber content of cereal‐based cookies.
Xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) were used for dietary fiber enrichment of cookies. Texture profile, colour and sensory attributes have been measured. It was concluded that XOS enhance brown colour, crispy texture and “baked character” of the cookies.
The main aim of the research was to compare the values of some thermal and electrical parameters obtained for a basalt fabric modified with the metal and ceramics coatings. The surface modification ...of basalt fabric was made by using a magnetron sputtering technique. Chrome and zirconium(IV) oxide coatings were deposited on the fabric surface. The thermal and electrical properties of selected fabrics were determined. In order to assess the comfort properties of fabrics, the thermal resistance of materials was analyzed. Instrumental color measurement was used for an assessment of the surface of modified and unmodified basalt fabric. Using a non-contact digital color imaging system, DigiEye, an original method of samples surface analysis was presented. As a result of research, the modification of basalt fabric surface for applications in a hot work environment enabled the improvement of thermal properties in relation to the references samples. The first level of protection against contact heat for a contact temperature of 100 °C was obtained for the zirconium(IV) oxide-modified basalt fabric. The first level of protection against radiant heat was obtained for all samples. The highest value for the heat radiant resistance was obtained for the chrome-modified basalt fabric.
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