ABSTRACT
A string of judgments by Indian courts have downgraded the Competition Commission of India’s position in the adjudicatory hierarchy by requiring it to await the findings of sectoral ...regulators before initiating its own investigation. This article argues that the reasons advanced for deferring the Commission’s jurisdiction are erroneous. Further, the judicial test for deferral of the Commission’s jurisdiction is fraught with deficiencies and would inordinately delay or de facto divest the Commission of its jurisdiction. Some recent cases are trying to break away from this trend. One final battle though remains to be fought. With the emergence of competition issues in data protection and privacy related cases and the imminent establishment of data regulator(s) in India, the Commission will soon have an opportunity to push courts to re-examine and re-interpret existing judicial principles and reclaim its relative position in the adjudicatory hierarchy.
Examination of counterfactual test - application of decision-theoretic approach to evaluation of counterfactual - alternate reading of s 36 of Commerce Act - consideration within broader context of ...Act - assessment of counterfactual in context of global norms for evaluating single-firm conduct - experience in other jurisdictions show conduct prohibited elsewhere may be permitted in New Zealand - consideration of approaches to revise or eliminate counterfactual test.
Diese Open-Access-Publikation vermittelt Personen aus Wirtschaft und Lehre durch pragmatische und fokussierte Darstellungsweise sowohl die Grundsystematik der Organhaftung als auch die in der Praxis ...äußerst relevante Problematik der Organhaftung bei unklaren Rechtslagen. Gleichzeitig wird durch Auslegung der Legalitätspflicht untersucht, ob der gegenwärtig in der Rechtsprechung verfolgte Ansatz zur Lösung der Frage nach einer Haftungsprivilegierung bei unklaren Rechtslagen dogmatisch sinnvoll ist oder ob nicht gegebenenfalls durch Rechtsfortbildung ein praktisch und dogmatisch sinnvollerer Lösungsansatz gefunden werden kann.
One of the most contentious issues in international commerce is anti-dumping (AD). And among the controversies of this AD rule, there is also what is considered in “conflict” with business ...competition law, both in terms of the purpose of the regulations and from the rules themselves. One of them is related to predatory pricing. Therefore, this study aims to conduct further analysis regarding the possibility of predatory pricing rules in substituting anti-dumping regulations in Indonesia. Based on these aims, this study employs a normative method with a statutory and conceptual approach. This study then reveals that dumping can be classified as a predatory pricing practice in terms of indications and impacts. However, the legal consequences and consequences of the two are different. So it would be impossible if anti-dumping arrangements were substituted with predatory pricing. Nevertheless, this research still supports that anti-dumping regulations are included in the regulation or law prohibiting unfair business competition and monopolistic practices because the practice of dumping itself is an unfair business competition practice.
Abstract
The debate over the goals of competition law and the standard by which to apply it have been around, more or less, ever since competition laws were first enacted. In principle, they ...influence every decision made by a competition enforcer or a court, whether this decision is around cartels, mergers, abuse of dominant position or even advocacy. In recent years competition authorities have been operating in an environment which is unprecedently challenging. Enforcement in digital markets and labour markets, as well as the interplay between competition and environmental policy and the green transition, shift competition enforcement to undiscovered territories. With these contemporary challenges, enforcers are far more frequently faced with the need to have a clear perception of the goal of competition law and the standard according to which to apply it to make enforcement decisions. the need for clarifying, or even redefining, the goals of competition law and the standards by which these goals are achieved, should be seriously considered by the enforcers as well as by the policy makers, who, from a democratic perspective, should be the ultimate decision makers on policy issues. The need for legal certainty presents yet another argument in the same direction.
Abstract
Over the years, regulators have sought to improve the effectiveness of both private and public competition law enforcement. In EU competition law, recent debates have concerned damages ...actions for competition law violations and the empowerment of national competition authorities. These debates are often premised on a clear dichotomy between public and private competition law enforcement, each pursuing a distinct set of aims. This article employs a novel holistic approach, which is informed by the theories of responsive regulation and restorative justice, and argues in favour of a ‘responsive’ remodelling of competition law enforcement. Such a ‘responsive’ remodelling advocates flexibility in enforcement mechanisms, with the consensual participation of the affected stakeholders and the adoption of remedies to restore the inflicted harm. The article discusses the current system and its respective aims and problems, and highlights an emerging hybridisation of remedies. Building on this emerging practice, it then constructs the ‘responsive’ remodelling benchmark for effective compliance. It discusses how this benchmark can inform competition law enforcement and it considers its potential to increase compliance, countenance various legitimacy and accountability concerns, increase consumers’ access to markets and bring benefits to the affected parties.
Die Erbringung von Finanzdienstleistungen unterliegt sowohl finanzmarktspezifischem Regulierungsrecht als auch der Anwendung des Kartellrechts. Nach der herkömmlichen Konzeption der beiden ...Rechtsgebiete soll das Regulierungsrecht den Rahmen zur Verhinderung oder Beseitigung von strukturellem Marktversagen setzen, während das Kartellrecht als Antwort auf das Fehlverhalten individueller Marktteilnehmer dient. Dennoch beeinflussen die beiden Materien sich gegenseitig. Aus Überschneidungen im Anwendungsbereich im Einzelfall können Zielkonflikte resultieren. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist daher die Ermittlung und Bewertung dieser Interdependenzen zwischen Finanzmarktregulierung und Kartellrecht. Daran anschließend werden Vorschläge für eine klarere Aufgaben- und Kompetenzverteilung sowie verbesserte Kooperationsmechanismen zwischen Kartellbehörden und Gesetzgeber ermittelt und bewertet.
Rather than viewing the history of American capitalism as the unassailable ascent of large-scale corporations and free competition, American Fair Trade argues that trade associations of independent ...proprietors lobbied and litigated to reshape competition policy to their benefit. At the turn of the twentieth century, this widespread fair trade movement borrowed from progressive law and economics, demonstrating a persistent concern with market fairness - not only fair prices for consumers but also fair competition among businesses. Proponents of fair trade collaborated with regulators to create codes of fair competition and influenced the administrative state's public-private approach to market regulation. New Deal partnerships in planning borrowed from those efforts to manage competitive markets, yet ultimately discredited the fair trade model by mandating economy-wide trade rules that sharply reduced competition. Laura Phillips Sawyer analyzes how these efforts to reconcile the American tradition of a well-regulated society with the legacy of Gilded Age of laissez-faire capitalism produced the modern American regulatory state.
A growing trend shows that global economic power is shifting away from the United States and Europe and towards the BRICS nations. The BRICS nations are predicted to hold the dominant position in the ...world by 2050. The rapid development of these economies and their markets is also raising a serious concern for the national antitrust enforcement authorities of the BRICS countries in their respective jurisdictions. This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of antitrust law, with a special focus on new developing trends in each of the BRICS jurisdictions. In addition, the study examines the proposed changes and limitations of the Indian Competition (Amendment) Bill 2022. The study reveals that the national antitrust laws and their enforcement processes are not fully developed and in need of considerable changes. Furthermore, the study indicates that while the proposed Amendment Bill 2022 is a progressive step in the right direction, it fails to cover certain key areas of the digital era, requiring further modifications to anticipate future impacts of economic development. In conclusion, the author recommends some points for effective policymaking, along with their future implications.
